Cucumber
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This presentation is done by Export Agriculture students of 2010/11 batch of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Fruit & Vegetable Cultivation”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition
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Cucumber
- 1. Export Agriculture Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka
- 2. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • MORPHOLOGY • RECOMMENDED VARIETIES • SOIL & CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT • FIELD ESTABLISHMENT • HARVESTING • STORAGE & POST- HARVEST • USES • PEST & DISEASES • REFERANCES 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION Family : Cucurbitaceae Genus : Cucumis Species : Cucumis sativus 3
- 4. • The cucumber is a warm season crop • Originated from Northern India • In Sri Lanka, best eaten sliced as a salad • Appetizer with other vegetables because of its distinct flavor and texture 4
- 5. Major growing areas • Throughout the year in the wet-zone • During Maha season in the dry-zone Identified districts • Kurunegala • Matale • Hambantota Potential districts • Puttlum, Colombo, Matara, Badulla, Moneragala, Polonnaruwa ,Anuradhapura 5
- 6. MORPHOLOGY • Cucumber is a monoecious annual vegetable • It is a sprawling vine with large leaves and curling tendrils • The leaves are arranged alternately on the vines 6
- 7. • Plant produces yellow colour flowers • The fruits are usually cylindrical • Many-seeded berries 7
- 8. RECOMMENDED VARIETIES • Champion • Kalpitiya white • LY58 8
- 9. • Special features of • Champion •Salad cucumber • Kalpitiya white •Local selection •Salad cucumber • LY58 •Yield potential 25Mt/ha •Recommended for Dry and Wet zones 9
- 10. In 2012 release New hybrid variety HORDI Green F1 • Fruit taste-Crispy • Moisture- 96.2% • External skin colour -Yellow green • Internal skin colour -Green white • Reaction to pests- No serious pest infestation 10
- 11. SOIL & CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT • Rainfall Wet zone 2500 mm Dry zone1200 - 1900 mm • Soil – Any soil high water-holding capacity good drainage • pH range 5.5 to 7.0 • Temperature 25–30˚С 11
- 12. FIELD ESTABLISHMENT Land preparation • Prepare the field at least one month before planting • Follow each plowing with harrowing 12
- 13. • For wet season cropping, prepare raised beds • One week before planting, make holes 30 cm apart • Apply well-decomposed animal manure • Mix the manure thoroughly with soil 13
- 14. Planting • Sow 3-4 seeds/hills and cover with a thin layer of soil • About 2-3 kg of seeds are required for one hectare • Irrigate the field right after sowing • 5 to 7 days after germination, rogue excess seedlings and maintain only two plants/hill 14
- 15. Trellising • Ipil-ipil posts spaced 3-4 m apart are laid out in the field • Wires can be used to connect the poles along each furrow • synthetic straw can be used for vine training 15
- 16. Spacing I m x 1 m 3-4 seeds per planting hole Fertilizer application Urea TSP MOH Basal 75 200 60 Top dressing-1 75 - 60 Top dressing-2 75 60 60 16
- 17. Irrigation • During the dry season, water regularly every 10-14 days • Depending on the soil type and weather condition • watering in the morning hours • Avoid too much water • Use drip irrigation system 17
- 18. Weed control • The beds should be kept free of weeds, especially in the early stages • Later on, rapidly spreading vines suppress the weeds 18
- 19. HARVESTING • Most cucumber varieties will produce fruit ready for harvest in 50 to 60 days • The peak cucumber production months during the Maha season • Check vines daily as the fruit starts to appear • pick cucumbers whenever it big enough to use 19
- 20. STORAGE & POST- HARVEST • Cucumber has over 90 % water • Wrap tightly by a plastic wrap to retain moisture • They can keep for a week to 10 days when stored properly in the refrigerate 20
- 21. USES • As a fresh vegetable • Consumed fresh in salads • Pickling • Cosmetics products • Anti bacterial regents 21
- 22. PEST & DISEASES Cucumber plants are susceptible to pests • Cucumber Beetles • Aphids • Crickets • Leafhoppers • Thrips • Grasshoppers 22
- 23. Insects Aphids • Turn leaves yellow and stunt shoots • transmit viruses from plant to plant Control • Monitoring • Use natural enemies 23
- 24. Cucumber beetles • feed on the leaves • spread cucumber mosaic virus or wilts in cucurbits Control • Management of cucumber beetles is difficult. • Use cover crops • Remove crop residues 24
- 25. Diseases • The most important diseases are • Powdery mildew • Mosaic • Downy mildew • Anthracnose 25
- 26. Mosaic • Causal Organism- -Cucumber mosaic virus & squash mosaic virus • Symptoms -Leaves are small & puckered & plant become stunted -Edged of the leaves are turn down -Knobs on the fruits are light yellow 26
- 27. Powdery mildew • Causal Organism -Erysiphe cichoracearum • Symptoms -Spot develop on the upper surface of on the older leaf -It causes the leaves to turn yellow & whiter -Fruits are not infected 27
- 28. Control • Used fungicide sprays • Cultural control- using good quality seed • Remove alternate of host aphids • Don’t plant cucurbits near to wood • Control weeds • Use insecticide 28
- 29. REFERANCES • http://www.semena.org/agro/Cucumber-e.htm • http://www.agridept.gov.lk/index.php/en/crop- recommendations/984 • http://www.backyard-vegetable- gardening.com/cucumber-diseases.html • http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/GARDEN/VEGES/PE STS/cucumberbeet.html • https://www.plantvillage.com/topics/cucumber/infos • http://www.darfu4b.da.gov.ph/cucumber.html 29
- 30. GROUP MEMBERS • B.M.S.K. Ekanayake UWU/EAG/11/0004 • K.A.M.Y.C. Jayathissa UWU/EAG/11/0010 30
- 31. THANK YOU ! 31
Hinweis der Redaktion
- or as an appetizer with other vegetables
- because of its distinct flavor and texture.