Veganism, cloning and GM food

1. - Vegans and
vegetarians
- Cloning
- GM Food
- Dulce Neves n.º 6
- Fábio Simões n.º 7
- Guilherme Oliveira n.º 9
11.º B 2011/2012
Agrupamento de Escolas Ourém
Escola Básica e Secundária de Ourém
English
The World around us

2. Desserts

10. Vegetarians and vegans
Alternative lifestyles
Meat-free diet

11. Vegetarians
They follow a diet that excludes
meat. However, some eat dairy
products and eggs.

12. Vegans
They only eat food from plant
sources.
Gandhi was vegan.

13. Reasons to be Vegetarian
 Ethical
 Health
 Environmental
 Animal Welfare
 Economical

14. Health Benefits of Vegetarian
Diets
 Cardiovascular
 Hypertension
 Cancer
 Diabetes
 Obesity
 Renal stones

15. Nutrient No vegetarian Vegetarian Vegan
Fat (% total
calories)
34-38 30-36 28-33
Cholesterol (total
grams)
300-500 150-300 0
Carbohydrate (%
total calories)
<50 50-55 50-65
Dietary fiber (total
grams)/day
10-12 20-35 25-50
Protein (% total
calories)
14-18 12-14 10-12
Animal protein (%
total protein)
60-70 40-60 0

16.  Beans
 Tofu
 Veggie burger or
other meat substitutes
 Soymilk
 Peanut butter and
nuts
Good Sources
of Protein

17. Vegan Food pyramid

20.  Cloning is the creation of an animal
or person from the genes of an
animal or person which already
exists.
 It is done artificially in a laboratory.
 Scientists have already created a
clone of a sheep which they called
Dolly.

21. Pros
 Cure human diseases
 Using animal organs
 Create animals that are disease
resistant
 More consistent food products
 Save endangered species

22. Cons
 Public perception
 Use technology to clone humans
 Expensive
 Not efficient
 Cloned products cannot be
marketed

23. Creating Dolly

24. Stage 1
Cell collected from a sheep’s
udder.

25. Stage 2
Nucleus is removed from
unfertilized egg of second sheep.

26. Stage 3
Udder cell is inserted into egg
with no nucleus.

27. Stage 4
Insertion is successful.

28. Stage 5
Electrical charge is supplied.

29. Stage 6
Cells begin to divide.

30. Stages 7 & 8

31. Cloning Facts
 Plant cloning has been around for
thousands of years
 Farm animal cloning has been
around for over 20 years
 Cloning is a form of asexual
reproduction
 Clones are not exact copies
 Cloned animals are safe to raise
and eat

32. Cloning Fallacies
 Genetic make-up is altered
 Mutants are created
 Clones are unhealthy
 Will eventually lead to cloning
humans
 Possible to recreate people such as
Hitler

34. What is it ?
 GM Food Genetically Modified food. It
is a alternative type of food that
nowadays is a regular option in the
different groceries stores.

35. What are people’s
concerns
• Is this food safe?
• Should food be labeled?
• Are there adverse
environmental effects?
• Who benefits?

37. What about their nutritional
value and safety ?

38. Are GM foods safe and
nutritious?
1. All GM foods have been extensively tested
and they are as safe as other foods in the
market place.
2. Nutrition depends on the food, not the
method of crop breeding!

39. Molecular agriculture makes
new gene combinations
possible
Peas (on the left) that make a
genetically engineered bean protein
are insect-resistant and do not need
to be sprayed with pesticides.

40. Reduced Pesticide Use with Insect-Protected Cotton
Insect Control Ledger for 2000: Bollgard® Cotton on Five Million Acres
Manufacturing Distribution Application Financial Benefit Stewardship
 Applies 1.04 million
fewer pounds of
insecticide in 2.5 fewer
applications per acre
 Disposes of 416,000
fewer insecticide
containers
 Saves 41,250
10-hour farm
work days
 Eliminates 2,150
10-hour days of aerial
application
 Conserves 2.41 million
gallons of fuel and 93.7
million gallons of water
 Accrues
$168 million
in economic
benefits from
lower production
costs and
increased
cotton yield
 Reduces pesticide
exposure risk
 Preserves
beneficial insect
populations
 Creates wildlife
benefits
 Gives cotton
producers more
time for family
and community
activities
 Gives cotton
producers peace
of mind
 Transports and
stores 416,000
fewer gallons of
insecticide
 Conserves
604,000 gallons
of fuel oil
 Produces fiber
equivalent to that
found in all
consumer
products derived
from cotton
Consumer
Benefit
 Saves 3.46 million
pounds of raw
material
 Conserves 1.48
million gallons of
fuel oil
 Eliminates 2.16
million pounds of
industrial waste
Bollgard® is a registered trademark of Monsanto Company
© 2001 Monsanto Company
Bollgard®
Cotton

41. Plant Breeding and Crop
Yield
Tonsperhectare

42. Pesticides, twice a week Pesticide free
How to label?
Conventional Food GM Food

43. All in all
1. GM foods are as safe and there is promise
for more nutritious food.
2. For some crops, environmental impacts are
similar or less than conventional agriculture.
3. GM technology can solve problems that
can’t be solved in other ways at present.