Dnb Pediatrics Theory Question bank

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DNB PEDIATRICS QUESTION BANK
HOW TO INTERPRET THE QUESTIONS
1. Questions are divided based on Chapters of Nelsons Textbook of Pediatrics
2. Questions contain two numbers at the end. Numbers within bracket indicates the year. For example
(97/1)- 97 means year 1997
1 means June (2 means December)
Thus (06/1) means June 2006
3. number at the end of the question(not within bracket) indicates marks

1 .GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Approach to a child with Delayed Speech (02/1) 15
2. Discuss the causes and approach to a Preschool child with Developmental Regression (02/1)
25
3. Growth Monitoring (98/1) 15
4. What are the developmental disorders in preschool years? Discuss the management (97/1)
15
5. Velocity and cross-sectional standards as applied to Human Growth (95/2) 15
6. Discuss the basis for use of Growth Standards. What should be taken as a reasonable approach
for India (94/2) 25
7. Principles of Growth and Development (00/1) 15
8. Importance of Bone age assessment in children 15
9. Growth Factors (99/1) 15
10. Sexual Maturity Rating in female adolescents (95/2) 15
11. Describe the events of sexual development in relation to physical growth. Name the most
important regulatory factors (94) 25
12. Gessel Developmental schedule (93/1) 15
13. Define Growth, Development, Velocity of growth mean, median, percentiles. Enumerate causes
of retarded growth. Briefly outline a schedule for investigation of such a case (92/2) 25
14. Factors affecting Development of children (92) 15
15. SMR (03/2)
16. What is SMR? Discuss the secular trend in Children (05/2) 5+5
17. How would you assess sexual maturity of a female adolescent (06) 10
18. Factors affecting Adolescent health and development (06) 10
19. Write the height velocity curves of girls and boys from birth to adolescence, describe the
principles and factors governing the growth and development in children (06) 10
20. Approach to a child with short stature (06/1) (07/2) 10
21. Bone age assessment and its usefulness (07/2) 10
22. Growth and development in second year of life in children (07/1) 10


2. PSYCHOLOGIC DISORDERS

PSYCHOSOMATIC ILLNESS
1. Management of Conversion reactions (98/1) 15

VEGETATIVE DISORDER
1. Sleep Disorders in children (99/2) 10
2. Encopresis (99/2) 15
3. What is Vegetative Disorder (05) 5
4. What is vegetative disorder? Discuss management of a child with injuries (05) 5+5
5. Rumination (06/1) 5
6. Pica (07/1) 5
HABIT DISORDER
1. Habit Disorders in children (07/1) 10

MOOD DISORDER
1. Childhood Depression (06) 10

DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
1. Common Behavioral problems in children (97/2) 15

PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER AND CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS
1. Autism (03/2) 15
2. Autistic spectrum disorder (07/2) 10
3. Autistic Disorder (07/1) 10
4. Etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of Autistic Disorder (06/1) 10
5. Discuss the management of a child with Schizophrenia (05) 5

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE SCHOOL AGED CHILD
1. Attention Deficit Disorders (97/1) (95/2) (00/1) 15
2. ADHD (03/1) 15
3. Describe clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of ADHA (06) 10

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Juvenile Delinquency (06/1) 5


3 . SOCIAL ISSUES, CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH NEEDS

FAILURE TO THRIVE
1. Causes of Failure to Thrive in infancy (96/2) 15
2. Approach to a child with Failure To Thrive (96/1) 14
3. Non organic failure to thrive (07/1) 10

ADOPTION
1. Adoption (03/2)

CHILD ABUSE
1. Discuss Child maltreatment. What are the factors related with child abuse (05) 5+5
2. Define Child Abuse. Describe clinical manifestations of Child Abuse. Discuss some useful
investigations in a suspected case of Child Abuse (06) 10
3. Management of the sex abused child (95/2) 15

MENTAL RETARDATION
1. Preventable and treatable causes of Mental retardation (96/2) 10
2. Various physical features that are likely to be associated with specific syndromes of mental
retardation (95/2) 10

4 . NUTRITION

PEM
1. Immunological changes that take place in PEM (98/2) 10
2. Biochemical changes in PEM (96/2) 10
3. Discuss the influences of malnutrition on mental functions in relation to its onset, severity and
type of functional losses with supportive advances (93/1) 25
4. Prevention of hypocalcaemia in PEM (93/1) 15
5. Age independent Anthropometric criteria for assessment of PEM (06) 5
6. Management of a 4 year old child with grade 4 PEM (07/2) 10

VIT A
1. Hazards and virtues of Vitamin A in pediatric practice (96/2) 10
2. Vitamin A supplementation (07/1) 5

VIT D
1. Functions of vitamin D (98/2) 10
2. Renal Rickets (97/2) 15
3. Vitamin D Resistant Rickets (96/2) 12
4. Resistant Rickets 15


5. Outline the metabolism and function of Vit D in human body. Describe in detail the etiology
and pathological changes in rickets (99/2) 25
6. Clinical manifestations of Rickets (93/2) 10
7. Classify the various causes of rickets and outline how to differentiate them (05) 5+5
8. Diagnostic approach to a child with resistant rickets (06) 10
9. Resistant Rickets (06/1) 10
10. Discuss calcium and vitamin D metabolism. Outline an approach to a case of Resistant Rickets
(07/1) 10

VIT C
1. Scurvey- radiological changes. How are they produced? What is the role of Blood Level of Vit
C in the diagnosis (05) 10

VIT E
1. Enumerate the functions and therapeutic uses of Vit E (98/1) 15
2. Vitamin E and its role in human nutrition(92/2) 15

VITAMINS
1. Hypervitaminosis in Children (96/1) 12

ZINC
1. Effects of Zinc supplementation in persistent diarrhea(98/2) 10
2. Role of Zinc in health and diseases of children (97/1) 10
3. Relevance of Zinc in human nutrition (92) 15
4. Give dietary requirements of Zinc in children and discuss its role in childhood immunity and
infections (07/1) 10

MILK
1. Bioactive factors in Human Milk (98/1) 15
2. Differences in the composition of Milk secreted by mothers delivering Term and Preterm
babies (96/2) 10
3. Discuss the physiology of Breast Milk secretion and advantages of breast feeding with special
reference to metabolic aspects. What are the causes of lactation failure (99/1)
25
4. Anti-infective properties of Human milk (95/2) 10
5. Enlist the problems of breastfeeding and outline the management of the same(05) 4+6
6. Explain the occurrence of low prevalence of Hypoglycemia and iron deficiency anemia in
breast fed infants (05) 10


7. How would you assess the adequacy of breast milk for a 2 months old baby. Enumerate 4
features of good attachment of a baby to the breast. What can be the problems with poor
attachment (06) 10

IODINE
1. Prevention of Iodine deficiency (95/1) 15

FLUORINE
1. Prevention of Fluoride toxicity (95/1) 15

OBESITY
1. Approach to a child with obesity (99/1) 15
2. What is Obesity? Discuss the management in children (05) 3+7
3. Approach to a child with Obesity (06/1) (07/2) 10

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Metabolism of fat absorption along with role of MCT in nutrition (03/1) 15
2. What is Complimentary Feeding? Discuss the feeding problems in first year of life (05) 5+5
3. How would you assess the nutritional status of a child whose age is not known (05) 10

5 . PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BODY FLUIDS AND FLUID THERAPY ACUTELY
ILL CHILD

SHOCK
1. How do you classify Shock in children? Write its aetiopathogenesis and management (06) 10
2. Discuss the classification and causes of shock in children (97/1) 15
3. Management of Cardiogenic shock (96/1) 12
4. Define Shock. Describe the pathophysiology and management of septic shock in children (94/2)
25
5. Shock-pathogenesis of different types and pathological changes in different organs (03/1) 25
6. Discuss the management of an infant with Shock (00/1) 25
POTASSIUM
1. List the causes of Hypokalemia. Discuss the clinical features, laboratory diagnosis and
management of Hypokalemia (06) 10

SODIUM
1. List the causes of Hyponatremia. Discuss the clinical features, lab diagnosis and management of
Hyponatremia (05) 3+4+3
2. Enumerate common causes of Hyponatremia (06) 5

ACID-BASE BALANCE


1. Anion Gap (98/2) (00/1) 10
2. Describe briefly how the acid-base balance of body is maintained in health (98/1) 25
3. Physiological compensatory mechanisms during Metabolic Acidosis (97/1) 15
4. Define pH and base excess. Discuss briefly regulation of Acid-base homeostasis and
management of Respiratory Acidosis (93/1) 15
5. Pathophysiology of Acid-base disorders (03/1) 15
6. Anion Gap (03/2) 15
7. Outline the normal mechanism of acid-base regulation in children. What is anion-gap?
Describe the causes and management of a child with metabolic acidosis (07/2) 10

DEHYDRATION
1. Steps in management of patient with Hypernatremic Dehydration (06) 10
2. Management of Hypernatremic Dehydration (02/1) 15
3. Management of Acute Diarrhea in children (98/1) 15
4. Pathogenesis and Management of Hypernatremic Dehydration (97/2) 15
5. One year old infant with AGE develops Abdominal Distension. Discuss the differential
diagnosis (97/1) 10
6. Why children are more vulnerable to develop dehydration (96/2) 10
7. Hypernatremic Dehydration (03/1) 15
8. Hyponatremic Dehydration (03/2) 15
9. A one year old infant weighing 5.5kg presents with Acute Dysentery and severe dehydration.
Discuss its complete management (06/1) 10
10. A one year old baby weighing 5.5kg comes in severe dehydration. Discuss complete
management (07/2) 10
11. Discuss causes, predisposing factors and pathophysiology of Hypernatremic dehydration in
young children (07/1) 10

6 . ACUTELY ILL CHILD
DROWNING
1. Near drowning in children (06) 10

PAIN
1. Pathogenesis and management of pain in children (06) 10
2. Pain management in infants and children (98/1) 15

BURN
1. How is the degree of Burns classified? Write the initial fluid therapy for a one year old child
weighing 10 kg with 20% 2ND degree burns (06) 10

COLD INJURIES
1. Cold Injury (07/1) 10


BRAIN DEATH
1. Brain Death (98/1) (99/2) 15

7 . GENETICS

1. Genetic counseling of a case of Down Syndrome (99/1) 15
2. Early stimulation in Down syndrome (92/2) 15
3. Prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 15
4. Gene Therapy in Children (06/1) 10
5. Gene therapy (07/1) 5

8 . METABOLIC DISEASES

1. Screening tests for Inborn Errors Of Metabolism (96/2) 10
2. Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (96/1) 12
3. Homocysteinuria (94/2) 15
4. Discuss the diet plan in various metabolic disorders (99/1) 15
5. Laboratory Screening tests for metabolic Disorders (06/1) 10

9 . NEONATOLOGY

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
1. Describe the surgical causes of Respiratory difficulty in newborn (02/1) 25
2. Surfectant therapy (98/2) 10
3. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome(97/2) 15
4. BPD (97/1) 15
5. Surfectant therapy for HMD 15
6. Tests for pulmonary maturity and surfactant therapy for RDS (94/2) 15
7. Discuss RDS with special reference to surfactant therapy (98/2) 15
8. Discuss the pathogenesis and management of MAS (00/1) 25
9. Pathophysiology of RDS of newborn (94) 15
10. HMD- pathophysiology and management (03/1) 25
11. What is the etiopathogenesis of PPHN of Newborn. Outline the diagnosis and management
(05) 3+3+4
12. Describe in brief PPHN (or PFC) with regard to Pathology, pathophysiology, Diagnosis and
13. What is the sequence of events leading to the first breath after delivery? What is the
significance of establishment of Functional Residual Capacity? (06) 10
14. Etiology, pathogenesis and management of a neonate with RDS (06/1) 10
15. PPHN (06/1) 10
16. Briefly discuss normal fetal development of Surfectant. List the uses of Surfectant in newborn
(07/2) 10
17. Discuss the diagnosis and management of PPHN (07/2)


RESUCITATION
1. How do you assign APGAR score to a neonate. In which 5 conditions will you get a low score
without associated hypoxia? What are fallacies of APGAR score. (06) 10

BIRTH ASPHYXIA
1. Perinatal asphyxia- clinical features and management (02/1) 15
2. HIE (97/2) 15
3. Clinical and laboratory correlates of neuromotor outcome in Birth Asphyxia (97/1) 10
4. Discuss the etiopathology and management of birth asphyxia (96/2) 25
5. HIE in newborn (95/1) 10
6. Discuss briefly pathophysiology and recent modalities of management of HIE (99/2) 25
7. HIE (93/1) (92/2) 15
8. Prognosis of Birth Asphyxia (93/1) 10
9. What are the aetiological causes of Fetal Hypoxia? Write pathophysiology of Fetal Hypoxia.
Describe stages of HIE (06) 10
10. pathophysiology of Hypoxic Brain injury in neonate (06/1) 10

NEONATAL SEIZURES
1. Etiopathogenesis of neonatal seizures (02/1) 15
2. Management of Resistant Neonatal Seizure (03/2) 15

IVH
1. IVH (3/1) 15

NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA
1. Management of neonatal hypoglycemia (98/2) (92/2) 10
2. Define Hypoglycemia in newborn. List its causes. Describe stepwise treatment if hypoglycemia
in a newborn (06) 10

TEMPERATURE
1. Thermal regulation in newborn (98/2) 10
2. Hypothermia in the newborn (97/1) 15
3. Thermoregulation peculiarities in newborn (94/2) 15
4. Prevention of Hypothermia in the newborn (98/2) 15
5. Physiological and biochemical consequences of Hypothermia in Neonate3 (99/1) 15
6. Thermal balance in Neonates (03/2) 15
7. Discuss management of Neonatal Hypothermia (06) 5

ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS
1. Antenatal Diagnosis (98/2) 10


2. Discuss the methods of detection of congenital malformations in the fetus and their prevention
(95/1) 25
3. Intrauterine Diagnosis (93/2) 10
4. Amniocentesis in prenatal diagnosis (92) 15
5. Methods to diagnose fetal disorder. Fetal medical therapy (05) 5+5
6. List various methods for Fetal diagnosis and assessment along with indications (06) 5
7. Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal therapy (06/1) 10
8. Medical management of Fetal Problems (07/2) 10
9. Treatment and prevention of fetal diseases (07/1) 10

FETUS
1. Describe in detail tests for antepartum and intrapartum monitoring of fetal distress (06) 5
2. Fetal monitoring (06) 10

RENAL
1. Kidney functions in neonate (98/2) (99/2) 10

INFECTIONS
1. Infection control in neonatal intensive care (98/2) 10
2. Congenital toxoplasmosis (97/2) 15
3. Infants of HIV seropositive mothers (95/1) 15
4. Infants of HBV seropositive mothers (95/1) 15
5. Early diagnosis of Neonatal Septicemia (94/2) 15
6. Newer modalities in the management of neonatal sepsis (99/2) 15
7. Screening tests for neonatal sepsis 15
8. Prevention of Mother to Child transmission of Hep B 15
9. Rapid diagnostic tests in a suspected case of Neonatal Septicemia (95/2) 10
10. Sepsis Screen in neonates (06/1) 10

11. Antibiotic treatment of Neonatal Meningitis (93/2) 10
12. Candidiasis in Neonates (06) 10
13. Adjuvent therapy in Neonatal sepsis (06) 10
14. Differential Diagnosis of Neonatal sepsis (07/1) 10

SFD
1. Immune status of SFD babies (98/1) 15
2. Factors associated with IUGR (93/1) 10

APNEA OF PREMATURITY
1. Pathophysiology of Apnea Of Prematurity (97/2) 15

RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
1. ROP (07/1) 10


OSTEOPENIA OF PREMATURITY
1. Osteopenia of prematurity (06) 10

NEONATAL JAUNDICE
1. A 3 week old infant brought to the hospital with moderate jaundice. Discuss the Diagnosis
(97/2) 10
2. Kernickterus (97/1) 15
3. Pathogenesis of kernickterus (96/2) 10
4. Discuss the Bilirubin metabolism and list the causes and approach to Diagnosis of
Hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate (00/1) 25
5. Discuss reasons for Physiological Jaundice in a Newborn. Define and list causes of pathological
jaundice in a newborn. Discuss clinical manifestations (acute and chronic)of kernickterus
(06) 10
6. Persistent Jaundice in neonates (06) 10
7. Clinical approach, investigations and management of a neonate with Cholestatic jaundice
(06/1) 10

NEC
1. NEC (97/2) 15
2. Pathogenesis of NEC (97/1) (92) 15
3. Etiology and pathology of NEC 15
4. Discuss management of NEC (06) 5

NEONATAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
1. Clinical features of Cretinism in newborn babies (97/1) 10

PRETERM
1. Enumerate the socio-demographic factors associate with Low birth weight babies. Discuss the
clinical problems of Preterm babies (96/1) 25
2. Pharmacotherapy in prematurity clinical decisions- salient features (03/1) 15

HIGH RISK INFANTS
1. Define ‘High risk infant’. Discuss the long term management of such infants with emphasis on
detection and early intervention of infants with developmental disabilities
(95/1) 25

HAEMATOLOGY
1. Management of Neonatal Thrombocytopenic Purpura (00/1) 15
2. Hemorrhagic Disease of The Newborn (95/2) 15
3. Causes of Anemia in the Newborn (93/1) 10
4. Discuss aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of a Bleeding Neonate (06/2) 10
5. Anemia in newborn infant (07/1) 10


FLUID THERAPY
1. Fluid therapy in special situations in neonates (06/1) 10

HIGH RISK INFANT
1. Discuss the basic elements of the ‘At Risk’ concept with regard to their advantages and
disadvantages and fallacies if any as they relate to health care of mothers and children (95/2)
25
2. Define ‘High risk infant’. Discuss the long term management of such infants with emphasis on
detection and early intervention of infants with developmental disabilities
(95/1) 25

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Role of O2 free radicles in the pathogenesis of neonatal disorders (96/2) 10
2. Bullous skin eruptions in newborn babies (95/2) 15
3. Endocrine problems that can be diagnosed on the first day of life (95/1) 10
4. Prenatal steroid therapy (99/2) 15
5. Steps in Neonatal Resucitation 15
6. Fetal circulation and changes at birth (00/1) 15
7. Placental dysfunction syndrome (95/2) 15
8. Scheme for identifying High Risk Fetuses (92/2) 15
9. Hydrops Fetalis (03/1) 15
10. Non immune hydrops (03/2) (07/1) 15
11. Fetal Therapy (03/2) 15
12. What is Hydrops fetalis. Discuss etiology of Non immune hydrops fetalis. What is the
management of a case of Non immune hydrops fetalis (05) 2+5+3
13. Biology and role of cytokines in Newborn Infants (06/1) 10
14. ECMO (06/1) 10
15. Organization and levels of Newborn care (06/1) 10
16. Complications of infants born to diabetic mothers (07/2) 10
17. Steroid in neonatal care (07/1) 5

10. SPECIAL HEALTH PROBLEMS DURING ADOLESCENCE

1. Juvenile Delinquency (02/1) 15
2. Etiological factors in Juvenile Delinquency (98/2) 15
3. Role of health education to Adolescents (98/2) 10
4. Discuss the special health problems of Adolescents (98/1) 25
5. Health education of adolescent girls 15
6. Adolescent Violence (03/1) 15
7. Health problems of adolescents(03/2) 15
8. What are the common problems in Adolescence (05) 5
9. Problems of adolescence (07/2) 10
10. What are the common problems in adolescence (05) 5


11. Discuss briefly Adolescent Health Problems (07/2) 10

11 . IMMUNOLOGY

1. Prenatal Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency diseases (94/2) 10
2. Graft versus host disease (99/1) 15
3. Indications for various organ and tissue transplants in Pediatric practice and common
considerations in selection of donors (95/2) 10
4. Laboratory investigation of a child suspected to have T-cell immunity Disorder (92) 15
5. Approach to a child with suspected immune dysfunction (06/1) 10

12. ALLERGIC DISORDERS

1. Pathogenesis and management of anaphylaxis (97/1) 15
2. Mechanism, manifestations and management of anaphylaxis (92) 15
3. Allergic Rhinitis (07/1) 5

13. NEPHROLOGY

RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY
1. Renal replacement therapy in ESRD (00/1) 15
2. Peritoneal dialysis (03/1) 15
3. Renal replacement therapy (06/1) 10
4. Discuss renal replacement therapy (07/1) 10

RTA
1. Classify types of RTA and their management principles (02/1) 15
2. Diagnosis and management of RTA (92/2) 15

PROTEINURIA
1. Persistent asymptomatic proteinuria (98/2) (07/1) 10
2. Proteinuria (96/2) 15

HEMATURIA
1. Diagnosis and management of recurrent Hematuria (96/1) 12
2. A 3 year old child was brought for Hematuria. Discuss the differential diagnosis and
3. Evaluation of a child with Hematuria 15
PSGN
1. Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features and management of acute PSGN

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
1. Enumerate the principles of management of Idiopathic Nephrotic syndrome (98/2) 10
2. Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome (96/2) 10


3. What factors will you consider in deciding the prognosis of a child with Nephrotic syndrome
(95/1) 15
4. Relapse in Nephrotic Syndrome (94) 15
5. Frequently relapsing steroid resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (03/2) 15
6. What factors help you to clinically decide non-minimal nature of Nephrotic Syndrome?
Enumerate the steps to test urine for albumin using heat methods (05) 10
7. Histopathological changes in RPGN 15
8. Write the management of a 6 year old child with Nephrotic syndrome who is frequently
relapsing. Enumerate complications that can occur (06/2) 10
9. Management of steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (07/2) 10

RENAL FAILURE
1. Biochemical and endocrinal changes in CRF
2. What are the causes of ARF in children? How will you investigate such a case? Discuss
management. (97/1) 25
3. Describe the pathogenesis of CRF and outline important principles in the management of such
a case (95/2) 25
4. Outline the etiopathogenesis of ARF in children. Discuss briefly the management (05) 5+5
5. List the causes of renal failure in a 3 month old child. Discuss the clinical features, laboratory
diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failure in children. Discuss the indications of renal
biopsy in children (06) 10

HUS
1. HUS- etiopathogenesis and diagnosis (98/1) 15
2. Diagnostic features of HUS (93/2) 15

TUBULAR DISORDERS
1. Nephrogenic Diabetes Incipidas (98/2) 15
2. Pathogenesis, clinical features and management of Distal Renal Tubular disorder (07/2) 10

14. RHEUMATIC DISEASES

KAWASAKI DISEASE
1. Phases and complications of kawasaki’s disease (06) 10
2. Kawasaki Syndrome (00/1) 15

JRA
1. Classification and features of JRA (96/2) 14
2. Write the current classification used in JRA. Outline the management plan for JRA (06) 10

H S PURPURA
1. Discuss briefly clinical presentation and management of H S Purpura (07/1) 10


15 . INFECTIOUS DISEASES

PUO
1. Discuss definition, etiology and approach to investigation of PUO (07/1) 10

HIV
1. Prevention of HIV infection during childhood (02/1) 15
2. HIV and Pediatrics (98/2) 10
3. Post exposure HIV prophylaxis (03/2) 15
4. An HIV positive mother has been admitted in labour. What will you do to prevent transmission
of infection to the baby (05) 10
5. Factors involved in perinatal transmission of HIV infection and the various preventive
measures (06) 10
6. Prevention of Childhood AIDS (07/2) 10
7. Clinical Presentations requiring screening for HIV (07/1) 5
8. HIV and TB (07/1) 5

TB
1. Diagnosis and management of a child with resistant TB (02/1) 15
2. Short course chemotherapy for TB (98/2) 10
3. Prevention and early detection of TB (96/2) 15
4. CNS changes in Tubercular meningitis(Pathological only) 15
5. Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical symptomatology and diagnosis of NeuroTB (06) 10
6. How do you perform and interpret Mantoux Test. Enumerate 3 conditions each in which you
can get a false positive and a false negative result. (06) 10
7. Newer diagnostic modalities for TB (06) 10

ENTERIC FEVER
1. Interpretation of widal test in immunized children (98/2) 10
2. Nontyphoidal salmonelosis (95/2) 15
3. Management of typhoid fever (95/2) 15
4. Treatment of typhoid fever (93/1) 10

DENGUE FEVER
1. Pathogenesis of bleeding and shock in Dengue fever (98/2) 10
2. Discuss the management of Dengue Shock Syndrome (97/1) 10
3. Dengue Fever (03/2) 15
4. Define DHF and DSS and outline the treatment of DSS (05) 10
5. Diagnosis and management of DHF and DSS (06/1) 10


E COLI
1. Classification of E coli and pathogenesis of Invasive Diarrhoea (95/1) 15
2. Discuss the pathogenesis of E. coli diarrhea (94/2) 15

POLIO AND AFP
1. AFP Surveillance (99/2) 15
2. Approach to a child with AFP and components of AFP surveillance (00/1) 15
3. AFP- Definition, Differential Diagnosis in details, how help in polio eradication (03/2)
25
4. What is AFP? Discuss the differential diagnosis and management of a child with AFP. Discuss
AFP surveillance (05) 2+3+2+3
5. Define criteria for declaring a country Polio free. What is the present status of wild polio virus
transmission and strategies being used for its control in India? Elaborate on AFP surveillance
(06) 5+5
6. Pulse Polio programme (02/1) (98/1) 15
7. Define AFP. Enlist the causes and investigations of a case of AFP (06) 10

MALARIA
1. Define drug resistant malaria, what are the different types of drug resistance as per WHO
criteria. Discuss the various management strategies of Drug resistant Malaria 25
2. Management of Cerebral Malaria 15
3. Drug resistant Malaria (03/1) 15
4. Enumerate manifestations of Severe Malaria and their management (06/2) 10

HEPATITIS B
1. Viral markers of Hepatitis B 15
2. Immunological markers of Hepatitis B 15
3. Hepatitis B infection in children (03/1) 15
4. A 3 year old child is brought with a history of jaundice since 2 months. She gives a history of
blood transfusion at 18 months of age. Her HBSAg is positive. Discuss briefly other viral
markers of HepB infection which will help in monitoring and treatment of child. (06)

MEASLES
1. Diagnosis and treatment of SSPE (95/2) 10

PLAGUE
1. Management of Plague (95/2) 10


GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS
1. Management of acute Rheumatic Fever (93/2) 10

CYSTICERCOSIS
1. Current management of Neurocysticercosis (92) 15

MENINGOCOCCUS
1. Discuss prevention and prophylaxis against meningococcal infection (05) 5+5
2. Prophylaxis of Meningococcaemia (06/1) 10

SYPHILIS
1. Radiological features and confirmatory laboratory tests for congenital syphilis (07/1) 10

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Laboratory diagnosis of Viral diseases
2. Brain CT findings in a case of Congenital toxoplasmosis and cysticercosis (94) 15
3. Nosocomial Infections (06) 10

16 . DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

GIT
1. What is H.Pylori Bacillus? How is it associated with chronic abdominal pain (98/2) 10
2. Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease (97/2) 15
3. Pathogenesis of Persistent Diarrhea of infancy (96/2) 10
4. Diagnosis of carbohydrate intolerance (95/1) 15
5. Gastro esophageal Riflux (94/2) 15
6. Persistent Diarrhea (99/1) 15
7. Chronic Diarrhea in Infancy (00/1) 15
8. Immunological features associated with cow milk allergy 15
9. Write management of Persistent Diarrhea (06) 5
10. Approach and management of a child with Persistent Diarrhea (06) 10
11. Diagnosis and management of a child with Celiac Disease (06/1) 10
12. Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal atresis (06/1) 10
13. Aetiopathogenesis and diagnosis of celiac disease (07/2) 10

HEPATOBILIARY
1. Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension (98/2) 10
2. Laboratory Finding of Fulminant Hepatic Failure (98/2) 10
3. Diagnosis and management of Acute Viral Hepatitis (96/2) 12


4. Cholestatic Jaundice 15
5. Biliary Atresia (95) 15
6. Describe Biochemical and Pathological changes in various organs in Hepatic Encephalopathy.
How will you manage a case (93/2) 10
7. Hepatic Encephalopathy- pathophysiology and management (03/2) 25
8. 3yr old child-H/O Jaundice since 2 months, H/O Exchange transfusion at D2. Discuss the D/D
9. Discuss the management of Fulminant Hepatic Failure. Add a note on Liver Transplantation
(06)
10. A 6 week old child is brought with a history of jaundice since 3 weeks of age, high colored urine
with staining of napkins and pale colored stools. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of this
condition. What is the differential diagnosis and treatment of this condition (06) 10
11. Diagrammatically represent the portal venous system and the sites of porto-systemic vascular
anastomosis in portal hypertension. Discuss the types, cause and pathophysiology of portal
hypertension (07/1) 10

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Hematemesis (94) 15
2. Differential Diagnosis of Ascites in children (93/1) 10
3. A 5 yr old child brought to the emergency- H/o bouts of massive hematemesis. Child is pale BP
90/60. Discuss the emergency room management of this child. What is the Differential
Diagnosis and management of this condition (05) 10
4. Management of Acute Upper GI Bleeding (06) 10

17. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CLINICAL EXAMINATION
1. Enumerate 4 adventitious sounds that can be heard during examination of respiratory system.
At what anatomical level are they produced? In which conditions are they produced. (06) 10

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
1. Describe the pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma. Give an outline for prevention and treatment
of recurrent episodes (02/1) 25
2. Treatment of Bronchial asthma (96/2)
3. Discuss briefly the recent advances in the management of Bronchial Asthma (99/1) 15
4. Use of Nebulizers in Pediatric practice (95/2) 10
5. Aerosol therapy in children (95/2) 15
6. Management of Acute Severe Asthma (92/2) 15
7. Management of Status Asthmaticus in a 3 yr old (03/1) 25
8. Classify Asthma in children. Outline the management of asthma and approach to a case of
Status Asthmaticus (05) 3+4+3
9. Discuss the steps in evaluation of chronic asthma is children. Classify and discuss the drugs
used in the treatment of chronic asthma. Write briefly on targeted delivery systems in
treatment of asthma (06) 10


10. Pathophysiology and management of Asthma in children (06/1) 10
11. Management of a 3 year old child with recurrent attacks of wheezing (07/2) 10

PNEUMONIA
1. Discuss briefly the Differential diagnosis and management of a case of Persistent Pneumonia in
a 3 month old infant (99/2) 15
2. Treatment of Staphylococcal pneumonia (93/1) 10

BRONCHIOLITIS
1. Course and prognosis of Acute Bronchiolitis (98/2) 10

STRIDOR
1. A 2 tear old child presents to the hospital with fever and Stridor of 12 hour duration. Discuss
the diagnosis (97/1) 10
2. Management of Acute Stridor in a Preschool child (93/1) 15
3. 1 year old child is brought with a history of sudden onset of respiratory diatress and stridor of
2 days duration. What is the differential diagnosis? Discuss the steps in the management of
Viral Croup (06/2) 10
4. Clinical Evaluation and management of a child with stridor (06/1) 10

PHYSIOLOGY
1. Respiratory system defense mechanisms (93/2) 15

TONSILITIS
1. Management of Acute Tonsillitis in children (98/1) 15

CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
1. Deacribe the congenital malformations of the lungs. Discuss the diagnosis and management of
these malformations (96/2) 25

RESPIRATORY FAILURE
1. Clinical and physiological features necessary to diagnose respiratory failure in children (94/2)
15
2. Types of Acute Respiratory Failure in children, modes of assisted ventilation and indications
for the same in Children (06) 10

CYSTIC FIBROSIS
1. Pathophysiology and clinical features of Cystic Fibrosis (06) 10

ASPIRATION
1. List conditions predisposing children to Aspiration Lung injury. Mention clinical features and
principles of management of Chronic Aspiration. Conditions predisposing children to
aspiration lung injury (07/2) 10


BRONCHIECTASIS
1. Discuss briefly etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of Bronchiectasis
(07/1) 10

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Differential diagnosis of Hemoptysis in children (95/2) 10
2. Diagnosis of Bronchial Foreign Body (93/2) 10
3. Write notes on embryological development of abdominal diaphragm and types of congenital
diaphragmatic hernia (06) 10

18 .CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

HEART FAILURE
1. Intractable congestive heart failure- management approach (02/1) 15
2. Treatment of Intractable CCF (93/2) 10
3. Newer approaches in management of CCF (93/1) 15
4. ACE inhibitors in CCF with congenital heart disease (03/1) 15
5. CCF- Pathophysiology and management (03/2) 25
6. Describe briefly the Pathophysiology of CCF and management of Refractory Failure (98/2)
25
7. How will you manage a child in Refractory CCF (06) 5
8. Discuss the pathogenesis of Congestive Heart failure and the role of vasodilators in its
management (06) 10
9. Refractory congestive heart failure- causes and management (07/2) 10

HYPERTENSION
1. Discuss the causes of Hypertension in a 7 year old child. Approach of investigation and
management of such a case (02/1) 25
2. Treatment of Hypertension (97/2) 12
3. Investigations in a child with Hypertension (95/1) 10
4. Discuss etiology, diagnosis and management of Childhood Hypertension (00/1) 25
5. Severe Hypertension in infancy (00/1) 15
6. Diagnosis of Essential Hypertension in children (93/1) 10
7. A child is brought with a history of convulsions and altered sensorium. BP 180/110 mm Hg.
Discuss the D/D and laboratory investigations in this child. Discuss the management of
Hypertensive Encephalopathy in this child. Add a note on fundus changes in hypertension.
(06) 10
8. Recent advances in management of Hypertension (06/1) 10
9. Discuss the treatment of Hypertension in children. Classify the drugs used to treat
hypertension and briefly mention their mechanism of action (07/2) 10
10. Essential Hypertension in children (07/1) 10

CONGENITAL CYANOTIC HEART DIAEASE
1. Pathophysiology of Cyanotic spells (02/1) 15


2. How do you classify congenital cyanotic heart disease? Discuss their investigations (97/2) 15
3. Cyanotic Spell (94/2) 15
4. Complications of Fallot’s Tetrology and their management (99/2) 10
5. Management of Paroxysmal Hypercyanotic spell (99/2) 15
6. How will you manage a child in cyanotic spell (06) 5
7. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Eisenmenger Syndrome (07/1) 10
8. Discuss the various minimally surgical invasive devices and procedures available for the
management of common congenital heart diseases in children (07/1) 10

ARRYTHMIA
1. Classification of cardiac arrythmias and management of WPW Syndrome (92) 15
2. Arrythmias- pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of different types (03/2) 15
3. What are the causes, manifestations and management of a young child with SVT (06) 10

CARDIOMYOPATHY
1. Diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy (96/2) 12
2. Cardiomyopathy (95/1) 15

PERICARDITIS
1. Diagnosis and management of Constrictive Pericarditis (99/2) 10

CLINICS
1. Significance of S2 in clinical practice (98/1) 15
2. Enumerate the conditions where you can get
• Loud S2
• Wide splitting S2
Explain the pathophysiology of fixed splitting of S2 (05) 10
RHEUMATIC CARDITIS
1. Treatment of Acute Rheumatic carditis (97/1) 15
MISCELLANEOUS
1. A 13 year old male is brought with an H/o progressive Dyspnea on exertion. He has past H/o
recurrent joint pain. What is the most likely diagnosis? How will you investigate and manage
the child. Add a note on Refractory CCF in a child (05) 5+5
2. Primaty Endocardial Fibroelastosis (98/1) 15
3. Cardiovascular Risk factors in children (96/1) 15
4. Fetal Circulation and cardiovascular adjustments after birth (06/1) 10
5. Preventive cardiology in adolescents (07/2) 10
6. Outline Fetal Circulation (07/2)

19 . DISEASES OF THE BLOOD

ANAEMIA
1. Severe anemia in the first year of life (02/1) 15
2. Describe laboratory investigations in an infant with anemia and briefly outline the
interpretation of test results (95/1) 25


3. Discuss the etiology and investigations in a case of Anemia (94) 25
4. What is peripheral smear finding in
• Thalassemia Major
• Lead poisoning
• Megaloblastic anemia
• CRF
• Malaria

THALASSEMIA
1. Genetic basis of Thalassemia syndromes (02/1) 15
2. Current management of Thalassemia Major (96/2) 15
3. Newer modalities in the management of β Thalassemia Major (99/2) 10
4. Antenatal diagnosis of Thalassemia (99/2) 15
5. Recent concepts for treatment of Thalassemia in children (95/2) 10
6. In relation to Thalassemia write a note on the following
a. Alkali desaturation test
b. NESTROFT test
c. Peripheral smear
d. SQUID-BLS
e. BMD
7. Outline the antenatal management of a mother with an earlier child with thalasemia major
(07/2) 10
8. Alpha Thalassemia (07/1) 10

IRON DEF ANEMIA
1. Management of Iron Deficiency anemia (98/2) 10
2. Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia in children (95/2) 15
3. Enlist the causes and outline the Differential Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency
anemia (05) 3+3+4

G6PD DEFICIENCY
1. Classify Hemolytic Anemia. Add a note on management of Intravascular hemolysis in G6PD
deficiency (05) 4+4+2
2. G6PD deficiency (99/2) 10
3. Pathogenesis of anemia in G6PD Deficiency (99/1) 15
4. Briefly outline normal erythropoiesis. Describe the diagnosis and treatment of G6PD deficiency
(07/2) 10

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
1. Megaloblastic anemia (03/2) 15
2. Clinicohematological profile of Megaloblastic Anaemia (06/1) 10
3. Discuss causes, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and treatment of Folate Deficiency
anaemia in children (07/2) 10


HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS
1. Diagnosis and management of Congenital Hereditary Spherocytosis (97/1) 15
2. Hereditary Spherocytosis (06) 10

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
1. Management of acute sickle cell crisis (99/1) 15

HEMRRHAGIC AND THROMBOTIC DISEASES
1. Antenatal diagnosis and career detection of Hemophilia (98/2) 15
2. DIC (96/2) 15
3. Explain coagulation cascade. A 4 year old child with h/o recurrent epistaxis and gum bleeding.
Discuss laboratory diagnosis and management of this condition.
Add a note of differentiating a bleeding disorder from a coagulation disorder (05) 5+3+2

4. A 5 year old male child comes with a history of trivial fall and swelling of right knee. He has
history of easy brusiability. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis and management of this child.
Add a note on antenatal diagnosis and counseling (06) 10

5. Various treatment modalities in acute ITP (06) 10

6. Discuss the various aspects of management of a child with Hemophilia A (07/2) 10

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
1. Describe the risks and benefits of bone marrow transplantation in children (94/2) 15
2. Bone marrow transplantation for children (06/1) 10

BLOOD TRANSFUSION
1. Transfusion of Blood fractions 10
2. Discuss the inherent hazards of Blood Transfusion in children and the necessary measures to
avis and minimize them (07/1) 10

20 . NEOPLASTIC DISEASES AND TUMOURS

ALL
1. Treatment and prognosis of ALL (97/2) 15
2. Management of CNS Leukemia (96/1) 14
3. Management of a case of ALL in a 3 year old (03/1) 25
4. Discuss management of a child with acute leukemia (06/1) 10


5. Management of a child with acute leukemia (06/2) 10
6. Prognostic indicators in Acute Leukemia (07/2) 10

LYMPHOMA
1. Different types of Lymphomas in children and their Histopathological classification (93/2) 15

21 . UROLOGIC DISORDERS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

ENURESIS
1. Define Enuresis. Discuss its manifestations and management (06) 5
2. Enuresis (96/2) 15
3. Management of nocturnal Enuresis (07/1) 5

UTI
1. Imaging studies indicated in a child with UTI (06) 10
2. Recurrent UTI in childhood (02/1) 15
3. Management of a 2 year old child with first attack of UTI (99/2) 10
4. Describe the etiological factors, clinical manifestations and management of children with UTI
(95/2) 25
5. Investigation of a 7 year old boy with Recurrent UTI (93/2) 10
6. Recurrent UTI (03/2) 15
7. Classify UTI and provide an algorithm for management of a child with first episode of UTI
(05) 3+7

VUR
1. Management of an infant with VUR (93/1) 15
2. Discuss criteria for diagnosis, staging and management of VUR (92) 25
3. Give the grading of VUR. Outline its evaluation and management in children(07/2) 10

NEUROGENIC BLADDER
1. Neurogenic Bladder (98/2) 15

22 . ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

THYROID GLAND
1. Management of Puberty Goiter (98/2) 15
2. Diagnosis of Congenital Hypothyroidism (95/1) 15
3. Endemic Cretinism (99/2) 15
4. Congenital Hypothyroidism (00/1) 15
5. Etiopathology of Congenital Hypothyroidism 15
6. Management of Puberty Goiter (93/1) 15


7. Goitrogenic Hypothyroidism (03/2) 15
8. What are the changes seen in Thyroid Hormone levels around birth. Describe the salient
features of Neonatal Thyroid Screening Programme (06) 10
9. Neonatal Thyroid Screening (07/2) 10
10. Discuss causes, clinical features and management of Acquired Hypothyroidism (07/2) 10
11. Congenital Hyperthyroidism (07/1) 10

DIABETES MELLITUS
1. Describe briefly the biochemical changes and management of DKA (98/1) 25
2. Complications of Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus and their management (97/1) 15
3. Management of DKA (95/2) 15
4. Emergency management of DKA (93/1) 15
5. 8 year, h/o vomiting, severe abdominal pain for 2 days. Dehydrated, acidotic breathing, Blood
glucose (random) 400. Outline the management (05) 10
6. Write management of DKA (06) 5
7. Management of a child with IDDM (06/2) 10
8. Write risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in children (07/2)
10

HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY
1. What are the causes of Dwarfism? How will you investigate such a case (97/2) 15
2. SIADH (99/1) (99/2) 10
3. Indications of Growth Hormone Therapy (93/2) 10
4. Define Short Stature. Discuss the approach to a child with short stature and the role of GH in
Short Stature (05) 2+5+3
5. How will you diagnose and treat SIADH in a child (06) 5
6. How will you assess a child presenting with features of Diabetes Incipidus (06) 10

ADRENAL GLAND
1. Management of adrenogenital syndrome (96/2) 15
2. Salt losing CAH (03/1) 15
3. Explain synthesis of Steroid Hormones. Discuss Briefly approach to a child born with
ambiguous genitilia (05) 5+5
4. Short note- female with Ambiguous genitilia at birth (02/1) 15
5. Causes of Adrenal Crises and discuss its management (06) 10
6. Discuss approach to a child with ambiguous Genitilia (06/2) 10
7. Diagnosis and management of a child with CAH (06/1) 10

PARATHYROID GLAND
1. Role of hormones in calcium balance (03/2) 15
2. Outline the calcium metabolism. Discuss the causes and management of Hypocalcemia in a 3
yrs old (07/2) 10


23. NERVOUS SYSTEM

CNS INFECTIONS
1. Chronic Meningitis – clinical approach and management (02/1) 15
2. Discuss diagnosis and management of Viral Encephalitis (97/1) 15
3. Pathophysiology of Acute Encephalitis (03/1) 15
4. Pathogenesis, management and prognosis of H.Influenzae Meningitis in children (06) 10
5. Discuss briefly epidemiology, investigations and management of Viral Meningoencephalitis
(07/1) 10

NEUROLOGICAL EVALUATION
1. What are the signs of meningeal irritation in a 2 year old child? How do you elicit them? How
will you rule out Pseudo-neck rigidity (05) 10
2. Give 5 examples each of UMN and LMN lesion. How do you clinically differentiate between
UMN and LMN lesions? What is the importance of fundus examination in a child with Para
paresis (05) 10
3. Modified Glasgow Coma Scale in a 1 year old Child (03/1) 15
4. Clinical significance of Postural Reflexes (06) 10

SEIZURES IN CHILDHOOD, CONDITIONS MIMICKING SEIZURES
1. Enumerate newer drugs for treatment of Epilepsy with their uses (02/1) 15
2. Pseudoseizures (98/2) 10
3. Management of a case of Complex Partial Seizure (98/2) 10
4. Breath Holding spells (98/1) 15
5. Etiology and management of Febrile Seizures (98/1) 15
6. What are the causes of convulsions in infancy and childhood How will you investigate such a
case (97/2) 15
7. Treatment of Breath Holding spells (97/1) 10
8. Classification of Epilepsy and treatment of Simple Partial Seizures (96/2) 12
9. Management of children with partial epilepsy (95/1) 15
10. Infantile spasms (99/2) 10
11. Conditions mimicking seizures (99/2) 15
12. Partial Seizures 15
13. Approach to an infant with myoclonic seizures (00/1) 15
14. Treatment of Status Epilepticus in a 5 year old Child (95/2) 10
15. Management of Children with Partial Seizures (95/1) 15
16. Benign Rolandic Epilepsy of Childhood (93/1) 15
17. Definition, prognosis and management of Febrile Convulsion (93/1) 15
18. What are the causes of Convulsions in children? Discuss the management of Status Epilepticus
(05) 5+5
19. Define Febrile Convulsions. Discuss the management of a 2 year old child who presents to the
emergency room with first episode of Febrile Seizure. Add a note on anticonvulsant
Prophylaxis in febrile seizure. (06) 10


20. Diagnosis and management of a child with Partial Focal Seizure (06/2) 10
21. Discuss conditions that mimic seizures in children (07/2) 10

22. Indications for the therapeutic use of newer anticonvulsants in childhood seizure states and
their potential adverse effects (07/1) 10

23. Newer Antiepileptic drugs (99/1) 15

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF CNS
1. Role of Folic Acid in prevention of Neural Tube Defects (98/2) 10
2. Normal CSF circulation in Newborns and the changes that take place in Aqueductal Stenosis
(98/2) 10
3. Prevention of Neural Tube Defects (97/2) 15
4. Hydrocephalus in infancy (96/2) 14
5. Etiology and pathophysiology of hydrocephalus (99/2) 15
6. Dandy Walker Malformation (03/1) 15
7. List the causes of Hydrocephalus in children. What is the pathogenesis and discuss the
management (05) 10
8. Discuss briefly the possible predisposing factors, types of open Neural Tube Defects in children
and its prevention (07/1) 10

ACUTE STROKE SYNDROMES
1. Stroke in childhood (00/1) 15
2. Discuss the aetiopathogenesis, clinical symptomatology and differential diagnosis of childhood
stroke (06/2) 10
HEADACHE
1. Define Migraine in children. Discuss the classification of Migraine and write its management
(07/2) 10
2. Classification and management of Migraine (07/1) 10

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Differential diagnosis of Floppy Infant (96/1) 12
2. Pseudotumor Cerebri (99/2) 10
3. Toxic Neuropathy 15
4. Discuss the pathophysiology and management of Raised Intracranial Tension 25
5. Pathophysiology of Cerebral Edema (00/1) 15
6. Signs and symptoms of a tumor at CP angle, in relation to the anatomy of different structures
at this point (93/2) 15
7. Pathophysiology of Sleep Apnea (03/1) 15
8. Discuss the diagnosis and investigation plan for a 2 year old child with regression of milestones
and generalized seizures (93/1) 25
9. Pseudoparalysis (06) 5
10. Briefly discuss the arterial supply of Brain. Outline the causes of acute hemiplegia in a 2 year
old child (07/2) 10


24 . NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

1. Family Genetic Counseling to parents with 2 boys having calf hypertrophy and progressive
proximal leg muscle weakness (07/1) 10

25 .EYE

1. Evaluation and management of an infant with squint (95/2) 15
2. Proptosis (94) 15
3. What are the common causes of Blindness in children? Discuss steps to prevent Blindness in
this group (05) 3+7
26 .EAR

1. Outline development of normal hearing in children. List causes of Hearing impairment in a I
year old child and its diagnostic approach (07/2) 10
2. Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in children (07/1) 10
27. SKIN

1. Diagnosis and management of a 2 year old child with Petechial skin rash (98/1) 15
2. Clinical conditions associated with Maculopapular rashes in children and their differential
diagnosis (95/1) 10
3. Erythema Nodosum (99/2) 10
4. New developments in management of Vascular Nevi and scabies in children (93/1)
5. Review the etiology and management of adolescent acne. What are the psy chological
complications in children (06) 10
6. Seborrheic Dematitis in children (07/1) 10

28 .BONE AND JOINT DISORDERS

1. Congenital Dislocation of Hip (07/1) 5
2. Achondroplasia (07/1) 5
3. Classification and management of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (07/1) 10

29 .ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARDS

1. Adverse effects of Environmental pollution in children (96/1) 15
2. Organophosphorus insecticide poisoning (95/1) 15
3. Lead Toxicity in children (95/1) 10
4. Management of Kerosene Oil poisoning (93/1) 10
5. Kerosene oil poisoning (06) 5
6. How will you manage acute anaphylaxis following a bee sting in a ten year old boy (06)
10
7. Steps and management of severe iron poisoning in children (06) 10


8. Occupational and environment risks to the fetus (06/1) 5
9. Management of Lead Poisoning and organophosphorus poisoning (07/2) 10

30 .SOCIAL PEDIATRICS

1. RCH Programme-aims and strategies (02/1) 15
2. Community management of Diarrhea and LRTI with indications for referral (02/1) 15
3. RCH programme (98/2) 15
4. What measures can reduce Birth Rate in next 5 years (98/2) 10
5. ICDS scheme (97/2) 15
6. Discuss briefly the major goals for child survival and development by 2000AD (97/1) 25
7. Indications to use antibiotics in children with Upper Respiratory Infections (97/1) 10
8. CSSM Programme (96/2) 15
9. Pulse Polio Immunization (96/1) 15
10. Effect of Television watching in children (95/1) 15
11. Child health care services provided through CSSM programme in India (95/1) 15
12. Role of Pediatrician in Adoption of a child (95/1) 10
13. Objectives and strategies of ‘Maternal Child Survival And Safe Motherhood Programme’
(94/2) 15
14. National targets for MCH services 15
15. National Leprosy Eradication Programme 15
16. Pediatric components of RCH programme (99/2) 15
17. DOTS chemotherapeutic management of Tuberculosis in National TB Bontrol Programme
(00/1) 15
18. Use of Road To Health Charts in MCH clinics (95/2) 10
19. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (95/2) 15
20. Failure in control of Tuberculosis (93/1) 15
21. IMNCI (03/2) 15
22. IMNCI- what is the strategy. Discuss the factors in successful implementation of this strategy
(05) 5+5
23. What is the Birth Weight specific mortality? Discuss the measures to reduce this mortality
(05) 10
24. What were the problems encountered in NTCP. Write the goals, strategies and essential
components of RNTPC. Also discuss in brief categorization of patients and treatment protocols
under RNTCP (06) 10
25. What is IMCI? What are the various criteria and limitations of this Programme. Elaborate
signs, symptoms and diseases covered under this programme (06) 10
26. How do you classify the severity of acute respiratory infections using the IMNCI protocol?
(06) 10
27. RCH Programme in India (06) 10
28. DOTS regimen and the problems involved in the implementation in childhood TB (06) 10
29. National AIDS control Programme in preventing Childhood AIDS (06/1) 10
30. National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme (07/2) 10
31. National Rural Health Mission (07/1) 10


31. PHARMACOLOGY

IMMUNOGLOBULIN
1. Indications foe use of I V Immunoglobulins in Pediatric Practice (06) 10
2. Briefly outline the uses for I v immunoglobulin(IVIG) in children (07/2) 10
3. Indications for using I v immunoglobulin in children (97/1) 10
4. Role of I V Ig in pediatric practice (00/1) 15

INTERFERON
1. Clinical importance of Interferon (98/2) 10

NO
1. Physiological basis and therapeutic basis of NO (98/2) 10
2. Clinical use of NO (03/2) 15

ATD
1. Discuss the mechanism of Antibiotic resistance with special focus on ATD (97/2) 25
2. Preventive chemotherapy in childhood TB (96/1) 15
3. Rifampicin Therapy in children (95/1) 10

CHELATING AGENTS
1. Iron chelation therapy (06) (00/1) 5
2. Oral chelating agents (94/2) 15

ANTIBIOTICS
1. Management of infections by organisms producing extended spectrum beta lactamase (06/1)
10
2. Enumerate pediatric conditions in which Erythromycin is the drug of choice (97/1) 10
3. Cephalosporins (94) 15
4. Describe various mechanisms for development of Drug Resistance by bacterial pathogens
against antibiotics.What factors are known to enhance drug resisrance. Enumerate Anti
Staphylocaccal agents (92) 25
5. Early detection of Chloramphenical toxicity (03/1) 15
6. Third generation cephalosporins (03/1) 15
7. Aztreonam (03/2) 15

ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
1. Antiviral drugs (99/1) 15

ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
See Nervous System

BRONCHODILATORS
1. Bronchodilators (94/2) 15


ERYTHROPOIETIN
1. Recombinant Human Erthropoietin (94/2) 15

ANTIMALARIAL
1. Malaria prophylaxis (94/2) 15

MISCELLANEOUS
1. Mechanism of Drug resistance (97/1) 15

32 . VACCINES
MISCELLANEOUS
4. Enumerate all the diseases against which vaccines are currently available (93/2) 15
5. Describe briefly various adverse reactions following vaccinations and discuss their
6. Live vaccines used in pediatric age group (95/1) 10
7. Combination vaccine (99/2) (03/1) 15
8. Vaccine Vial Monitor 15
9. Cold Chain (00/1) 15
10. Adverse reactions that may occur following use of vaccines included in the National
Immunization Schedule in India (95/2) 10
11. Immunization schedule basis in child suffering from AIDS (94) 15

VARICELLA VACCINE
1. Varicella vaccine (00/1) 15

MEASLES VACCINE
1. Complications of measles vaccination and management (94/2) 15

HiB VACCINE
1. H Influenzae B vaccine (98/2) 15

TYPHOID VACCINE
1. Typhoid Vaccines (97/1) 15

HEPATITIS B VACCINE
1. Hepatitis B vaccine (96/1) (97/1) 10

PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE
1. Pneumococcal vaccine (96/2) 15

INFLUENZA


1. Influenza Type B vaccine (98/1) 15

HEPATITIS B
1. Hepatitis B immunization (93/2) 10

DPT
1. Current status of post-DPT vaccine encephalopathy (93/1) 15

POLIO
1. Status of Polio vaccines (93/1) 15

33 .MISCELLANEOUS
3. What advice will you give to a 35 year old patient with coronary artery disease regarding its
prevention in his adolescent son? (06) 10
4. CPAP (06) 10
5. Hospital Waste Management (06) 10
6. Tetany in children (96/1) 12
7. Pathophysiology of regulation of Plasma Osmolality (06) 10
8. Role of Pediatrician in Disaster management (06/1) 10
9. Pathogenesis of oedema (95/1) 15
10. Pulse Oximetry and its limitations (98/1) 15
11. Discuss the measures to prevent accidents in children (98/1) 25
12. Role of oxygen free radicles in the causation of childhood diseases (97/1) 15
13. Food Fussiness in children (95/1) 10
14. Recent understanding of SIDS (94/1) 15
15. Dysmorphic child (94/2) 15
16. Discuss the management of a 3 tear old unconscious child (99/1) 25
17. Prevention of Vertically transmitted diseases (99/1) 15
18. PCR and its significance in clinical practice (00/1) 15
19. Value of USG in pediatrics (93/1) 10
20. Role of Upper GI Endoscopy (93/1) 15
21. Discuss diagnosis and management of an unconscious child (92/2) 25
22. Epidemiology and prevention of accidents in children (92/2) 15
23. PCR (92) 15
24. Discuss management of child with injuries (05) 5

Dnb Pediatrics Theory Question bank

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Dnb Pediatrics Theory Question bank