1.
The antimicrobial
resistance
{ Growing threat and the options for action
V. Harutyunyan M.D.

2.
Antimicrobial Resistance: a global issue
 Cause of considerable mortality
 Greatly increases care costs and productivity losses
 Impediment to control of infectious diseases
 Jeopardizes healthcare gains for individuals and society
 Treat to international travel and trade
 Dwindling options for treatment of the infectious diseases

3.
Mortality & Cost
 25,000 deaths/year in hospitals Europe
 63,000 year in USA in outpatients
 Mortality due to AMR in community settings
 Mortality in developing countries
 1.5 billion € for the EU region
 25-35 billion USD: total additional costs of the US hospitals
 Costs for the individuals, families and societies hard to quantify

4.
Cost of AMR
Containing antimicrobial resistance. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005, WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines, No.
10 (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2005/WHO_PSM_ 2005.1.pdf, accessed 9 January 2012).

5.
Treat to global health
 290,000 new multidrug resistance (MDR) TB cases in 2010
 Malaria: Emergence of Artemisinin resistance
 HIV: 10%-20% of the resistance rates to anti HIV regimens in the US
and Europe
 Increasing spread of common bacterial infections resistant to
antibiotics in health care settings, communities and across borders

6.
Dwindling treatment options
The evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance: options for action. WHO 2012

7.
WHO global response
 WHO Global Strategy for Containment of
AMR (2001)
 WHO Regional Committee Resolutions
(e.g. AFRO, PAHO, SEARO)
 World Health Assembly Resolutions
 WHD 2011 Six Point Policy Package

8.
WHO actions
 Promote the sharing of information about, understanding of
resistance and coordination of actions to control the spread of AMR
 Raise awareness of the problems posed by antimicrobial resistance
 Build consensus on the methods of AMR surveillance and control
 Provide strategic and technical guidance on interventions to contain
resistance
 Assist Member States to implement these interventions
 Stimulate innovation and research to improve understanding of
antimicrobial resistance and to encourage research and development
of new drugs, vaccines and diagnostics