Scenario of Fruit production in Jammu: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE STRATEGIES OF SKUAST-J

1. Scenario of Fruit production in Jammu
PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE STRATEGIES OF
SKUAST-J
Division of Fruit Science
Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
NAME: Dr. Parshant Bakshi
Associate Professor

2. Total Geographical area : 101387 sq km.
Extended over : 320
-17` and 370
–5`N
730
-26` and 800
-30` E
Altitude variations : 300-5400 meters asl

3. GENERAL PROFILE OF JAMMU DIVISIONGENERAL PROFILE OF JAMMU DIVISION
1. Total area of Jammu Division 17.95 Lac Ha.
2. Area under forests 6.52 Lac Ha.
3. Area not available for cultivation (land put to Non-
Agricultural use and barren and un-cultivated land)
4.96 Lac Ha
4 Other un-cultivated land excluding fallow 2.36 Lac Ha.
5. Fallow Land 0.47 Lac Ha.
6. Net sown area 4.02 Lac Ha.
7. Net irrigated area 1.09 Lac Ha.
8. Area irrigated 26%
9 No. of Districts 10
10. No. of Blocks 65
11 No. of Horticulture Zones 70
12. No. of Panchayats 1969
13. No. of villages 3517
14. Area under Orchards in Jammu Division 1.08 Lac Ha
15. Production of Fruits in Jammu Division 1.40 Lac Mt.

4. AGRO CLIMATIC STATUSAGRO CLIMATIC STATUS
OF JAMMU DIVISIONOF JAMMU DIVISION
The Jammu Division has three Agro Climatic ZonesThe Jammu Division has three Agro Climatic Zones
comprising of:-comprising of:-
SUB-TROPICAL Irrigated Areas, Kandi and un-irrigated area.
INTERMEDIATE This zone falls in between temperate and
Sub- tropical Zone and comprises mainly
rainfed areas where source of irrigation is
very scanty.
TEMPERATE Comprises of hilly and mountainous areas

5. AREAS FALLING UNDER AGRO-CLIMATICAREAS FALLING UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC
ZONESZONES
ZONES LOCALITIES SUITABLE FRUIT
KINDS
Sub-Tropical
(Irrigated Areas)
Kathua, Barnoti, Hiranagar, Ghagwal, Samba, Vijaypur,
Bishnah, R. S. Pora, Marh, Bhalwal, Akhnoor, Khour,
Nowshera, Satwari and Sunderbani Block
Mango,Citrus, Guava, Ber,
Litchi, Loquat, Grapes and
Strawberry etc.
Sub-Tropical
(Un-Irrigated Areas)
Parts of Kathua, Barnoti, Hiranagar, Bhagwal, Samba,
Purmandal, Udhampur, Reasi, Katra, Ramnagar, Bhalwal,
Khour, Nowshera, Kalakot, Ramban and Sunderbani
Block.
Mango, Citrus, Guava, Ber,
Aonla
Intermediate zone Parts of Basholi (Bani), Billawar (Machedi), Lohi-Malhar
in Kathua district, Parts of Poonch district (Surankote,
Balakote, Mendhar etc.), Parts of Rajouri viz. Doongi,
Dalhori, Chowdhary Nar, Kote Dhara, Mehari, Kallar,
Budhal-Thandi kassi. Tarala, Palma, Panhad, Triyath-
Treru (Lower) in Rajouri District, Parts of Udhampur
district (Bombagh area of Dudu- Basantgarh, Chenani,
Parts of Reasi, Totesari, Thakrakote and Mahore), and
some portion of Doda district (Assar, Baggar, Khilani,
Marmat, Ramban and Kishtwar)
Stone fruits (Like Peach,
Plum, Apricot), Pears,
Pecan Nut, Olive and Kiwi
etc.
Temperate Zone Parts of Poonch, Rajouri, Doda, Kishtwar, Bhalesa,
Assar, Paddar, Marwah,k Ramban, Mahore, Mendhar,
Poonch, Budhal, Basohli Billawar, Lohai Malhar,
Ramnagar, Chenani, Thathri, Banihal, Panchari,
Basantgarh, Gool, Surankote, Inderwal, Mandi, Wsarwan,
Badnota, Darhal, Manjhakot and entire areas of
Bhaderwah block,
Apple, Pears, Walnut,
Almond, Pecan Nut, and
Stone Fruits etc.

6. ZONALIZATION PLAN FOR GROWINGZONALIZATION PLAN FOR GROWING
FRUIT CROPS IN JAMMU DIVISIONFRUIT CROPS IN JAMMU DIVISION
Name of
District
Kind of fruit plants (Percent area to be covered)
Pome/Soft fruits Nut fruits Drupes Evergreen fruits
Doda
34
Apple, Pear,
Quince,
Pomegranate
40
Walnut
Pecan nut
9
Peach, Plum,
Apricot, Kiwi
17
Olive, Citrus
Kishtwar
30
Apple, Pear,
Quince,
Pomegranate
55
Walnut
10
Peach, Plum,
Apricot, Kiwi
5
Olive, Citrus
Ramban
25
Apple, Pear,
Quince,
Pomegranate
56
Walnut
Pecan nut
9
Peach, Plum,
Apricot, Kiwi
10
Olive, Citrus,
Strawberry
Poonch
30
Apple, Pear,
Persimmon
45
Walnut,
Pecan nut
20
Peach, Plum,
Apricot, Kiwi
5
Citrus, Olive
……Contd.……

7. Kathua
15
Apple, Pear,
Pomegranate
30
Walnut
15
Plum, Peach,
Apricot
40
Citrus, Mango, Loquat,
Guava, Litchi, Olive, Ber,
Aonla, Strawberry
Udhampur
15
Apple, Pear,
Pomegranate
35
Walnut
15
Peach, Plum,
Apricot, Kiwi
35
Mango, Citrus, Loquat,
Guava, Litchi, Olive, Ber,
Aonla, Strawberry
Reasi
20
Apple, Pear,
Pomegranate
30
Walnut
15
Peach, Plum,
Apricot
35
Mango, Citrus, Loquat,
Guava, Litchi, Olive, Ber,
Aonla
Rajouri
25
Apple, Pear
30
Walnut, Pecan
Nut
20
Peach, Plum,
Apricot, Kiwi
25
Citrus, Guava, Mango, Olive
Loquat, Litchi, Ber, Aonla
Jammu
— — 10
Peach
90
Mango, Guava, Litchi,
Citrus, Loquat, Ber, Aonla,
Strawberry
Samba
— — 10
Peach
90
Mango, Guava, Litchi,
Citrus, Loquat, Ber, Aonla,
Strawberry

8. THRUST AREASTHRUST AREAS
 Promotion of dry land horticulture in Kandi areasPromotion of dry land horticulture in Kandi areas
 Area Expansion keeping in view consumer orientedArea Expansion keeping in view consumer oriented
diversification and uplifting of scoi-economic status ofdiversification and uplifting of scoi-economic status of
farming communityfarming community
 Creation and strengthening of irrigation resources likeCreation and strengthening of irrigation resources like
water harvesting/ storage tanks, deep bore wells, shallowwater harvesting/ storage tanks, deep bore wells, shallow
wells, table wells in rain-fed areaswells, table wells in rain-fed areas
 Introduction of new cultivarsIntroduction of new cultivars
 Enhance/ Boost the production and productivity of fruitEnhance/ Boost the production and productivity of fruit
cropscrops
 Encourage the introduction and cultivation of minor andEncourage the introduction and cultivation of minor and
rare fruit crops (diversification) and promotion of arearare fruit crops (diversification) and promotion of area
specific fruit crops (zonalization).specific fruit crops (zonalization).
 Capacity building and human resource development inCapacity building and human resource development in
private and public sector.private and public sector.

9. APPROACHESAPPROACHES
 Increase the area under fruit crops by plantation of improvedIncrease the area under fruit crops by plantation of improved
cultivars of known performancecultivars of known performance
 Boost the productivity by intensive cultivationBoost the productivity by intensive cultivation
 Re-plantation and top working of old/ senile fruit trees withRe-plantation and top working of old/ senile fruit trees with
commercially acceptable cultivarscommercially acceptable cultivars
 Development of fruit zones/ villages (fruit specific areas) as perDevelopment of fruit zones/ villages (fruit specific areas) as per
zonalization and diversification strategieszonalization and diversification strategies
 Improvement in water harvesting and distribution system, moistureImprovement in water harvesting and distribution system, moisture
management and soil conservation measuresmanagement and soil conservation measures
 Top working of wild, inferior fruit trees of Mango, Ber, Kainth, Olive,Top working of wild, inferior fruit trees of Mango, Ber, Kainth, Olive,
etc. into superior and commercial cultivarsetc. into superior and commercial cultivars
 Rejuvenation of old and senile fruit treesRejuvenation of old and senile fruit trees
 Capacity building by training programmes, seminars, workshop, etc.Capacity building by training programmes, seminars, workshop, etc.
 Organization of awareness camps, fruit shows at Divisional level,Organization of awareness camps, fruit shows at Divisional level,
District level, Block level, etc.District level, Block level, etc.

10. CONSTRAINTS /CONSTRAINTS /
BOTTLENECKSBOTTLENECKS
 Fragmented, small and marginal holdings with little or noFragmented, small and marginal holdings with little or no
irrigation facilities.irrigation facilities.
 Non-existence of organized and planned irrigationNon-existence of organized and planned irrigation
infrastructure for the orchards.infrastructure for the orchards.
 The Horticulture depends mainly on rains, the hilly terrainThe Horticulture depends mainly on rains, the hilly terrain
and the poor soil status becomes main constraint in Jammuand the poor soil status becomes main constraint in Jammu
DivisionDivision
 Lack of mobility facilities for supervision of field activities.Lack of mobility facilities for supervision of field activities.
 Lack of manpower to supervise the field activities in far flungLack of manpower to supervise the field activities in far flung
and remote areas;and remote areas;
 Less market accessibility due to poor communication/roadLess market accessibility due to poor communication/road
linkslinks

11. GOALSGOALS
 Increase in productivity.Increase in productivity.
 Increase in the returns to orchardists from theirIncrease in the returns to orchardists from their
produce.produce.
 Economic upliftment of rural masses by creationEconomic upliftment of rural masses by creation
of opportunities for employment generation.of opportunities for employment generation.

12. Significant achievements/ technologies evolved by
SKUAST-J
Fruit crops
a) Control of fruit drops and black tip in mango
b) Protocol for in vitro propagation in Kagzi lime
c) Stress management in Kinnow under rainfed conditions.
d) Control of fruit cracking in lemon
e) Improvement in shelf-life of Guava.
f) Improvement in yield, quality and shelf-life of grapes
g) Propagation techniques in aonla
h) Colour development in apple
i) Re-generation of strawberry under shed nuts.
j) Dehulling in walnuts and control of fruit drops

13. CONTROL OF BLACK TIP IN MANGO

14. MICRO-PROPAGATION OF KAGZI LIME

15. STANDARDIZATION OF PROTOCOL FOR IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SWEET ORANGE

17. Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)

18. AONLA BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

19. FULL BEARING AONLA PLANT
CV. NA-7 AT RRSS RAYA

20. PHALSA BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA
PHALSA FRUIT BUSHES
AT RRSS RAYA

21. Inter-cropping Phalsa in Aonla

22. Inter-cropping Phalsa in Aonla

23. Ber (Zyzyphus mauritiana Lamk.)

24. TOP WORKED BER AT RRSS RAYA

25. PRUNING IN TOP WORKED BER AT RRSS RAYA

26. AIR LAYERING IN GUAVA AT RRSS RAYA

27. Kinnow mandarin

28. FULL BEARING KINNOW PLANT AT RRSS RAYA

29. LEMON BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

30. GALGAL BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

31. KARONDA BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

32. Karonda (Carissa carandas L)

33. Custard apple block

34. POMEGRANATE BLOCK

35. Jack Fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

36. BAEL PLANTS GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

37. Fig (Ficus carica L.)

38. TAMARIND PLANTS GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

39. Lasoorha (Cordia myxa Roxb)

40. LASOORHA PLANTS GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

41. Papaya (Carica papaya )

42. PAPAYA (local selection) AT RRSS RAYA

43. MANGO BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

44. Inter-cropping of Papaya in Mango

45. Mahua

46. HARAD PLANT GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

47. KHIRNI PLANT GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

48. Nursery Block-Raya

49. Nursery Block-Raya

50. BUDDED SAPLINGS OF AONLA IN NURSERY AT RRSS RAYA

51. Layered plants of lemon

52. Phalsa Plants

55. REGENARATION OF STRAWBERRY UNDER SHED NET

56. Olive orchard before adoption Contour terracing of the adopted orchard

57. Basin preparation around the experimental plants Winter pruning of the experimental
plants

58. OLIVE CULTURE IN JAMMU DIVISION

60. DEHULLING IN WALNUT

61. NURSERIESNURSERIES
SUPPLY OF QUALTIYSUPPLY OF QUALTIY
PLANTING MATERIALPLANTING MATERIAL
REJUVENATINGREJUVENATING
OLD ORCHARDSOLD ORCHARDS
AREA EXPANSIONAREA EXPANSION
SURVEILLANCESURVEILLANCE
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FORTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR
PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FORTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR
PROTECTIONPROTECTION
MARKETTINGMARKETTING
TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT POINTS FOR FRUIT
PRODUCTION

62. Production Strategies- to Improve productivity and acreage
• Commercial production for selected crops on cluster basis – project-
based approach
• Micro irrigation
• Strengthening delivery mechanism for appropriate seeds / nurseries /
nutrients/pesticides
• Establishment of plant health clinics (Tissue / Leaf analysis labs)
• Hi-tech farming/precision farming
• Research & extension on inputs/ farming systems/ technologies

63. Acreage Improvement Strategy:
• New gardens through development of wasteland / utilization of bunds /
diversification from other crops
• Special thrust on Hill areas
• Appropriate inter-cropping
• Household gardening for vegetables and a few fruit trees for self-
consumption
• Organic farming/contract farming
• Farmers’ HRD through institutional training/farm visits/
• Appropriate media support/experts’ visit to farmers’ site
• Subsidy and credit at affordable rate of interest
Strategies- to Improve PHM
The supply chain: growing-sorting/grading-packaging-storage
transportation-processing-marketing
It is indeed a web, not a chain

64. Strategies- to Improve Marketing
• Substantial gap between farmers’ share in consumers' price
• A number of marketing practices
• Farmer – Consolidator – Trader – Commission Agent – Wholesaler –
Retailer – Consumer
• 7307 markets regulated by APMCs
• Different markets in one location may continue to provide competition
Strategies- to Improve Processing
• About 0.8% of production processed
• Processing capacity and distribution
• Processing facilities to be set up in production clusters
• Technology up gradation/ research required

65. Strategies- to Improve Export promotion
• APEDA approach to continue and be strengthened
• Marketing Intelligence through Ministry of Commerce
• Marketing research needed
• Standard development, testing facilities and enforcement
mechanism required
• Training of farmers/ entrepreneurs

66. POLICY FRAMEWORK
• Credit policy--untimely, insufficient, high-cost credit
• Insurance policy--only covered under insurance; that too
ineffective
• Taxation policy-- need for regular review of excise, sales tax,
trade tariff
• Trade policy-WTO issues
• Legal and regulatory framework--APMC Act, MOUs for contract
farming, Seeds Act, Food safety Act, Quality standardization
• Agriculture/ Horticulture policy
• Nutrition policy
• Health Policy
• Planning for key infrastructure such as link roads, power and
water availability

67. Rejuvenation of old/senile orchards

68. Improving productivityImproving productivity
of senile orchardsof senile orchards

69. Rejuvenation is the processRejuvenation is the process
of pruning and after pruningof pruning and after pruning
management of the plants tomanagement of the plants to
make them productive bymake them productive by
utilizing the existing rootutilizing the existing root
system for support andsystem for support and
absorption and existing limb /absorption and existing limb /
branch system to rebuilt thebranch system to rebuilt the
productive canopyproductive canopy
What is rejuvenation ?What is rejuvenation ?

70.  India is a leading fruit producingIndia is a leading fruit producing
country.country.
 Fruit production in the country isFruit production in the country is
an age old enterprise.an age old enterprise.
 A large acreage is underA large acreage is under
systematic fruit plantation.systematic fruit plantation.
 The low average productivity ofThe low average productivity of
orchards in India is attributed toorchards in India is attributed to
prevalence of senile orchardsprevalence of senile orchards
 Hence, rejuvenation is required toHence, rejuvenation is required to
improve the productivity of senileimprove the productivity of senile
orchardsorchards
Why rejuvenation of senileWhy rejuvenation of senile
plants?plants?

71. Considerations for rejuvenationConsiderations for rejuvenation
1.1. Age of the plantAge of the plant
2.2. Ability of the species to coppiceAbility of the species to coppice
3.3. Frame of the treeFrame of the tree
4.4. Time and severity of rejuvenationTime and severity of rejuvenation
5.5. Post rejuvenation carePost rejuvenation care
6.6. Transformation of rejuvenatedTransformation of rejuvenated
juvenile shoots into productive onejuvenile shoots into productive one
7.7. Top working to change the varietyTop working to change the variety

72. 1.1. Utilization of existing root systemUtilization of existing root system
2.2. Lowering the fruiting area whichLowering the fruiting area which
can be conveniently managedcan be conveniently managed
3.3. Creation of extra space forCreation of extra space for
intercropping in the orchardintercropping in the orchard
4.4. Availability of large amount ofAvailability of large amount of
pruned wood which can providepruned wood which can provide
additional incomeadditional income
5.5. Enhancing the productivity of plantEnhancing the productivity of plant
Advantages of rejuvenationAdvantages of rejuvenation

73. Methodology andMethodology and
operations in mangooperations in mango

74. Convincing the farmers

75. Marking and cutting of the treesMarking and cutting of the trees

76. A pruned tree of
mango for
rejuvenation

77. Pasting on cut endsPasting on cut ends

78. Painting of trunk with lime + copperPainting of trunk with lime + copper
oxychlorideoxychloride

79. PruningPruning - December-- December-
JanuaryJanuary
Preparation of ringPreparation of ring --
FebruaryFebruary
Application of UreaApplication of Urea - March- March
IrrigationIrrigation - March to May- March to May
Application of fertilizersApplication of fertilizers - July and- July and
OctoberOctober
Calendar of operation

80. Control of trunkControl of trunk
borerborer

81. New shoot initiation on rejuvenated treesNew shoot initiation on rejuvenated trees

82. Profuse shootingProfuse shooting

83. Thinning of shootsThinning of shoots
Keeping 8-10 wellKeeping 8-10 well
spaced shoots perspaced shoots per
branchbranch

84. Healthy shoot
Developing canopy

85. Thinning ofThinning of
shoots as andshoots as and
when required atwhen required at
later stagelater stage

86. First flushFirst flush
Second flushSecond flush
Fully developed canopyFully developed canopy

87. Application of Paclobutrazol to restore the
Canopy productivity
Year of application : Third year after pruning
Time of application : September-October
Method of application: Trunk pour method
Canopy drip area method
Uniformly distributed localized
pit method
Doses : 4-6 gram a.i. per tree (16-25 ml P333)

88. What is Paclobutrazol?
Paclobutrazol is a growth retardant which
intercepts the Gibberellins Synthesis path way
and therefore known as Anti-gibberellins.
With the application of Paclobutrazol,
gibberellins and auxin balance in the terminal
shoots changed more towards auxin which is
responsible for florigin formation and
ultimately the flowering in the terminal shoots

89. Method of application

90. Rejuvenated plants started
flowering
in third year

91. Plants applied with 800:300:1000g NPK + 50 kg FYM
along with 4g a.i. cultar yielded 10 kg fruits in the first
year which increased upto 60kg fruits per plant in the
fifth year

92. The orchard intercropped with Carrot
and bottle gourd

93. Yield of intercrops in rejuvenated orchardYield of intercrops in rejuvenated orchard
CropCrop AreaArea
(acre)(acre)
Yield (q)Yield (q)
PotatoPotato 0.500.50 16.016.0
GingerGinger 0.250.25 9.09.0
BottleBottle
guardguard
0.250.25 16.016.0
PigeonPigeon
peapea
0.250.25 2.52.5
MustardMustard 0.250.25 3.53.5

94. Future areas of research in Fruit production
 Germplasm Identification, Conservation and Exchange in fruit crops
 Varietal development/ improvement in fruit crops
 Hi-Tech Propagation of fruit Crops
 Greenhouse Technology for Plant Propagation
 Developing High Density Planting (HDP) in fruit crops
 Developing Nutritional Need Diagnosis and Leaf Nutrient Norms
 Micro-irrigation and Fertigation in fruit crops
 Organic Farming in fruit production
 Integrated pest management
 Marketing Opportunities and Infrastructural Support
 Mechanizing and Post-harvest Handling
 Processing and Value Addition