Sustainable and smart materials are the requirements of construction industry.

1. BUILDING AND
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS FOR
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Dr K M Soni, Chief Engineer,
CPWD, Mumbai

2. Sustainable Materials
• Sustainable materials are
those materials that
provide environmental,
social and economic
benefits while protecting
public health and
environment over their
whole life cycle, from the
extraction of
raw materials until the
final disposal.
www.sustainablematerials.org.uk
7 April 2017 2
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

3. Green Material
• “A green material is one that
simultaneously does the most with the
least, fits most harmoniously within
ecosystem processes, helps eliminate the
use of other materials and energy,
and contributes to the attainment of a
service-based economy.”
• Based on environmental concerns
7 April 2017 3
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

4. Environmental Concerns
through regulations
• Rivers, Water Bodies and Sea - water
• Ground surface - earth
• Air
• Inter-relation
• Eco-system
7 April 2017 4
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

5. Environmental Concerns in
construction
• Civil construction activities i.e. Buildings and
other engineering structures
• Natural resources/materials
• Water (pollution)
• Air (dust)
• Noise
• Construction activities affects eco-system
7 April 2017 5
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

6. How to make balance between
development and eco-system ?
Better we learn early as not
only public but
courts/tribunals are going to
ask us this vital question.
7 April 2017 6
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

7. The Aarey Milk Colony is situated in Goregaon East,
Mumbai, established in 1949 and officially inaugurated by
the then PM in 1951, having gardens, a nursery, lakes, an
observation pavilion, picnic facilities, and milk plants, cattle
farms and poultry farm.
7 April 2017 7
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

8. Aarey colony, Mumbai
Eco-sensitive zone
7 April 2017 8
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

9. Green tribunal temporarily
halts all construction work at
Aarey colony in Mumbai
HT, Dec 20, 2016
7 April 2017 9
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

10. Central Poultry Development
Organisation
Existing Poultry
Sheds
Existing
Godowns
Approach
Road
Existing Office and
Hatchery
Existing Lab
Scattered Residential
Units
7 April 2017 10
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

11. All India Institute of Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation
7 April 2017 11
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

12. 7 April 2017 12
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

13. Ban constructions within
300m of Upper Lake, Bhopal:
NGT
3.07.2014 (ToI)
7 April 2017 13
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

14. HC bans construction on
Chitlapakkam Lake, Chennai
and on the bund abutting it,
Hindu, 08 Feb 2017
7 April 2017 14
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

15. The Uttarakhand HC imposed a
blanket ban on any construction
within a radius of 2 km from
major lakes in Nainital. The HC
also ordered a ban on cutting of
trees within a five km radius of
the lake
ToI, Nov 8, 2016
7 April 2017 15
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

16. BUILDING MATERIALS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
• As per “The Environment (Protection) Act,
1986”, environment includes water, air and
land and the inter-relationship which exists
among and between water, air and land, and
human beings, other living creatures, plants,
micro organism and property.
7 April 2017 16
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

17. other living creatures, plants,
micro organism; part of eco-
system
7 April 2017 17
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

18. Any filling disturbs living creatures, plants and
micro-organism on ground
7 April 2017 18
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

19. Such activities also disturbs living creatures, and
micro-organism in water
7 April 2017 19
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

20. And even ...............
7 April 2017 20
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

21. Smog/air pollution disturbs living creatures, plants
and micro-organism
7 April 2017 21
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

22. So, please remember, these all
activities are going to affect
construction activities due to
environmental concerns
so sustainable development is
only the answer
which is to be properly defined
before the courts considering
engineering concerns
7 April 2017 22
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

23. Sustainable
Building/construction
Materials are part of
sustainable development
7 April 2017 23
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

24. Green tribunal halts sand
mining in coastal
Maharashtra |
Saturday 08 February 2014
7 April 2017 24
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

25. Environmental concern
7 April 2017 25
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

26. 7 April 2017 26
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

27. Construction concerns ?
Environmental concern
7 April 2017 27
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

28. So, what can engineers do?
7 April 2017 28
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

29. Alternative of natural sand
Manufactured sand
7 April 2017 29
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

30. Recycled sand
7 April 2017 30
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

31. Environmental concern on stone quarrying/aggregate
7 April 2017 31
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

32. 7 April 2017 32
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

33. Environmental concern for air pollution too
7 April 2017 33
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

34. Recycled aggregate
7 April 2017 34
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

35. Red
mud
Slag
Flyash
7 April 2017 35
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

36. Sustainable Materials
7 April 2017 36
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

37. From waste plastic mining, coal and steel industries
Brick/blocks from recycled plastic, waste from
industries, ceramic hardware and paper
7 April 2017 37
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

38. WasteBasedBricks,
produced by a startup
called StoneCycling,
creates the bricks by
mixing waste from
nearby glass, ceramics,
and insulation
factories, and
sometimes rejected
clay from traditional
brick factories and
demolition waste,
7 April 2017 39
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

39. Glass
7 April 2017 40
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

40. Green Building Concept
• “Green building
concept is based on
relative term and
green is entirely
considered on
relative basis”.
7 April 2017 41
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

41. Green buildings
7 April 2017 42
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

42. Green Products
7 April 2017 45
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

43. Therefore, a selection criterion
is required to assess green
material
7 April 2017 46
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

44. Selection criteria for assessment of
green materials (Brian Milani, 2001)
• Resource efficiency
• Indoor air quality
• Energy efficiency
• Water conservation and
• Affordability
7 April 2017 47
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

45. Sl. No. Parameter Weightage
1 Embodied energy 20
2 Waste content 10
3 Life cycle/durability 15
4 Maintainability 5
5 Toxicity including during fire 10
6 Safety during installation/use, fire,
earthquake etc.
10
7 Local Availability 5
8 Recyclability 5
9 Energy requirement during its use 20
Parameters for classification
a green material
7 April 2017 53
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

46. Waste materials to be used as
resource materials
• Fly ash
• Red mud
• Slag
• Unfired clay bricks
• Manufactured sand
• Glass
• C & D Waste
• And so on…..
7 April 2017 56
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

47. And look for alternatives to
natural materials
• Paper
• Artificial stones
• Carbon fibres
• Translucent concrete
• Rubber modified asphalt
• Plastic
• Recycled bitumen
• Silica fumes
• Bagasse
• Rice husk ash
• Wood
• Water
• clothes
• Special concrete
7 April 2017 57
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

48. Paper waste for construction
Material
7 April 2017 58
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

49. Artificial Stone
7 April 2017 59
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

50. Rubber modified asphalt
7 April 2017 60
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

51. Plastic
7 April 2017 61
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

52. Recycled bitumen
7 April 2017 62
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

53. Silica fumes
7 April 2017 63
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

54. Bagasse
7 April 2017 64
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

55. Manufactured wood board
Engineered wood, or composite wood,
or manufactured board, includes a range of
derivative wood products manufactured by binding or
fixing the strands, particles, fibres, or veneers or boards
of wood, together with adhesives, or other methods of
fixation to form composite materials.
7 April 2017 65
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

56. Rice husk ash
7 April 2017 66
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

57. Recycled water
7 April 2017 67
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

58. Recycled jeans
7 April 2017 68
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

59. Green technologies
7 April 2017 69
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

60. Smart Buildings, Roads,
Energy, Materials and Services
7 April 2017 70
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

61. Translucent concrete
(achieved by replacing aggregates with transparent alternate materials like optical
fibres/clear resins the concrete mix.
Translucent concrete is a concrete based building material with light-transmissive
properties due to embedded light optical elements — usually optic fibres.
7 April 2017 71
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

62. Carbon fibres
7 April 2017 72
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

63. Insulated concrete panels
7 April 2017 73
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

64. Aerogel insulation
Aerogels are solids with high porosity formed by removing
the liquid from a gel under special drying conditions,
bypassing the shrinkage and cracking experienced during
ambient evaporation. This creates a solid three-dimensional
nanoporous structure containing 80-99% air. Due to their
high porosity, they exhibit the lowest thermal conductivity,
whilst being transparent to light and solar radiation.
7 April 2017 74
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

65. Sweating rooftop
For the roofing material, the
researchers used a
special water-permeable
membrane that fills with water
when it rains. If the material
becomes warmer than about
90 degrees Fahrenheit in direct
sunlight, it begins to “sweat,”
releasing water at the surface,
where it evaporates and helps
to cool the building.
7 April 2017 75
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

66. Self healing concrete
7 April 2017 76
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

67. Insulated concrete panels/forms
7 April 2017 77
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

68. Light weight geofoam blocks
7 April 2017 78
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

69. Pervious concrete
7 April 2017 79
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

70. Heat sensitive tiles
7 April 2017 80
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

71. Robotics in construction &
maintenance
7 April 2017 81
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

72. Smart & Green buildings
7 April 2017 82
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

73. Conclusions
• Need to adopt smart and sustainable materials and
technologies based on environmental laws
• Define sustainable materials based on local
requirements
• Adopt new materials and technologies using
minimum or no natural materials
• Research in the country for construction materials
and technologies based on country’s requirements
and knowledge updation by engineers
• Avoid wastage and adopt quality in construction
• Future is for smart and green buildings/structures
7 April 2017 83
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

74. (The contribution of photographs and material wherever taken from the internet
from various sites and presented here is gratefully acknowledged)
7 April 2017 84
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai

75. And then
• “Quality” in works (construction and
maintenance) for durability is to be adopted
• Wastage is to be adopted in all spheres of life
• Knowledge needs to be updated upto field
levels
• Research suiting to local requirements
7 April 2017 85
IBC Seminar at Chnadigarh: Dr K M Soni,
Chief Engineer, CPWD, Mumbai