Soldani_5G_Seminar_Italy15June2016_Final_Public v02

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 1
D. Soldani
Venice, Italy
15th June, 2016
5G communications:
development and prospects
Dr David Soldani
VP Strategic Research and Innovation, Huawei
Visiting Professor, University of Surrey, UK
Industry Professor, University Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia
https://de.linkedin.com/pub/dr-david-soldani/a/6a0/336

D. Soldani
2010
“Client Server”
 Bit pipe and Free Communication Services
2020
“Multi-Tenant”
 Nervous system of the Digital Society and Economy
Vision “The advanced 5G
infrastructure is expected to
become the nervous system
of the Digital Society and
Digital Economy”
Günther Oettinger, European Commission, MWC 2016
“The smart phone is the
extension of what we do
and what we are, the
mobile is the answer to
pretty much everything”
Eric Smith, Google, MWC 2010
Convergence of:
1. Big data
2. Artificial intelligence
3.Connected networks
DL: 1Gb/s
UL: 500Mb/s
LTE-A target
Convergenceof:
1. Cloud computing
2. UE Computing power
3. Connectivity at high speed

D. Soldani
5G International Cooperation: status of MoU and JD
• China
– MoU signed with IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group on September 29, 2015 in Beijing
• Japan
– MoU signed withThe 5G Mobile Communications Promotion Forum on March 25,
2015 at NGMN Industry Conference in Frankfurt,Germany
• Korea
– MoU signed with 5G Forum on June 17, 2014 after signature of Joint Declaration
between EU Commission and Korean government in Seoul, Korea
• USA
– MoU signed with 4G Americas on March 2, 2015 at MobileWorld Congress 2015 in
Barcelona, Spain
• Multilateral MoU on a series of Global 5G Event
– Two events per year with rotation between continents: Beijing and Rome in 2016
– MoU signed between IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group, 5GMF, 5G Forum, 5G
Americas and 5G InfrastructureAssociation on October 20, 2015 in Lisbon
Source: 5G Infrastructure Association

D. Soldani
2016 China: 1st Global 5G Event on “Bringing 5G into Reality”
Global unified 5G standard to be developed by 3GPP Services and scenarios at high frequency for eMBB
37GHz/39GHz/28GHz as 5G candidate bandsCooperation with China & EU for 5G R&D

D. Soldani
5G Public Private Partnership (PPP): €700 mn  €1.4+ bn
ETP governance model
5G Initiative
European
Commission
WG5GVision and Societal
Challenges
WG5GPre-standards
WGSME support
WG5GSpectrum
Activity Community building and
PR (Public Relations)
Activity 5GInternational
cooperation
Activities based on the 5GPPP
Contractual Arrangement,KPIs
Working Group 1
Working Group 2
Working Group n
Communications-
networks-oriented ETP
5G PPP projects
Association
Board
GeneralAssembly
Association Statutes and Modus
Operandi of Association
Working Groups launched
Association
Board
GeneralAssembly
Association Statutes and Modus
Operandi of Association
Working Groups launched
5GInfrastructure
Association Board
Technology Board
(Project Technical Managers plus
Association representative)
Steering Board
(Project Coordinators plus
Association representative)
PartnershipBoard
SecretaryGeneral
Head ofOffice
 5G-PPP Phase III
(2018-20 EU
Public funds
€425mn): Large
scale trials in
Europe with
Verticals
 5G-PPP Phase II
(2017-18, EU
Public funds
€148mn):
Verticals,
Satellites,
Optical, SW
networks
 5G-PPP Phase I
(2015-16, EU
public funds
€125mn): 19
retained Actions
Decupling-ongoing
EU 5G socio-economic analysis: €56.6 bn 5G investment (EU28 Member States)  Value: €425.5 bn (7.5x), Jobs: 7.184 mn
M1000+ (I, SME,R)
(M30+)
CA (KPIs)
5G Architecture
1. SRIA: Inputs to Work Programme
2. WP: 5G Vision and for Verticals
3. PP: Pre-structuring Models
4. Policies: Positioning papers
5. PR: Communication/Cooperation

D. Soldani
Source: EURO-5G
5G-Norma
5G NOvel Radio Multiservice adaptive
network Architecture
Euro-5G
5G PPP Coordination and
Support Action
VirtuWind
Virtual and programmable industrial network
prototype deployed in operational Wind park
SONATA
Service Programming and
Orchestration for Virtualized
Software Networks
5GEx
5G Exchange
SUPERFLUIDITY
Superfluidity: a super-
fluid, cloud-native,
converged edge system
METIS-II
Mobile and wireless communications Enablers
for Twenty-twenty (2020) Information Society-II
COHERENT
Coordinated control and spectrum management for
5G heterogeneous radio access networks
CogNet
Building an Intelligent System of Insights and
Action for 5G Network Management
CHARISMA
Converged Heterogeneous Advanced 5G Cloud-
RAN Architecture for Intelligent and Secure
Media Access
5G-Xhaul
Dynamically Reconfigurable Optical-Wireless
Backhaul/Fronthaul with Cognitive Control Plane for Small
Cells and Cloud-RANs
SELFNET
Framework for SELF-organized network
management in virtualized and software defined
NETworks
SPEED-5G
quality of Service Provision and capacity Expansion
through Extended-DSA for 5G
mmMAGIC
Millimetre-Wave Based Mobile Radio Access Network for Fifth
Generation Integrated Communications
Xhaul
The 5G Integrated fronthaul/backhaul
FANTASTIC-5G
Flexible Air iNTerfAce for Scalable service delivery wiThin wIreless
Communication networks of the 5th Generation
Flex5Gware
Flexible and efficient
hardware/software
platforms for 5G
network elements and
devices
5G Ensure
Security
SESAME
Small cEllS coordinAtion for Multi-tenancy
and Edge services
Research projects
Innovation projects
H2020 2014-15: 5G Initiative (Actions) from Call 1 – July 01st 2015

D. Soldani
H2020 2016-17: ICT 07, 08 (5GPPP) Call 2 DL 08th Nov 2016
Phase II: Pre-structuring model www.5g-ppp.eu
TA2
5G
Low Band
AI
TA3
5G
mmWave
AI
TA5
Novel Radio System
Architecture
TA1
5G Wireless System
Design
TA15 (ICT 7)
Open “Blue” TA
TA16 (ICT 7)
CSA
TA21 (ICT 8)
Open “Blue” TA
TA20 (ICT 8)
Open “Blue” TA
TA22
Access
Convergence 1
TA23
Access
Convergence 2
TA24
EUJ-01 1
TA26
EUK-01
Application
Layers
Physical
Layer
Note: The size and the orientation of the TAs boxes do not indicate the potential size or manpower of future Projects
TA7
5GforFutureMTCSolutions
TA6
SeamlessIntegr.of
SatelliteandAirPlatforms
TA17
Ubiq.5GAccess
TA9
CostEfficient
OpticalMetro
TA10
HighCapacity
OpticalCore
TA4
Subsyst.for
5GPlatforms
TA8
CognitiveNetworkMngt
TA18
NetApps Development and Verification Platform
TA19
E2E NFV and SDN Holistic Operational Model
TA13
Security, Privacy, Resilience, and High
Availability
TA12
Foundations for SW Networks
TA14
Multi-Tenant / Domain
Plug & Play Control Plane
TA11
Converged 5G
FlexHaul Network
TA25
EUJ-01 2
ICT 7 RIA ICT 8 RIA EUJ and EUK RIA ICT 8 IA
ICT-07-2017 – 5G PPP Research and
Validation of critical technologies and
systems - €100mn RIA (+ €3mn CSA)
Strand 1: Wireless access and radio
network architecture/technologies
Strand 2: High capacity elastic - optical
networks
Strand 3: "Software Network“
Strand 1: Ubiquitous 5G access
leveraging optical technologies
Strand 2: Flexible network applications
Cooperation in access convergence
ICT-08-2017: 5G PPP Convergent
Technologies - €40mn IA + €5mn RIA

D. Soldani
Prototype and product development
Trials
WRC preparatory process
Results from FP7
Projects contributed
to ITU-R on 5G vision
and requirements
ITU-R Vision and Recommendation
ONF, Open Daylight, OPNFV, Open Stack, …
3GPP Study Items
3GPP Work Items and 3GPP Releases
5G research in FP7 and
in the private sector
5G PPP Phase I 5G PPP Phase III5G PPP Phase II
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Release 12 Release 13 Release 14 Release 15
Winter Olympics,
Korea
Summer Olympics,
Japan
FIFA World Cup,
Russia 2018
Release 16
Contributions to standardisation and regulatory
process via member organisations in respective bodies
5G-PPP: Exploitation of reseach and innovation results

D. Soldani
Beyond 5G-PPP: European Commission “Action Plan”
 Actionable recommendations endorsed by Industry to: Industry itself, the
Commission, MS, and possibly financial actors (e.g. EI Bank)
 Cooperation with Telco's and vertical industries to identify opportunities
and barriers for investment in 5G deployment in Europe and to make
(actionable) recommendations
 Sept – Oct 2016: Release the "5G Action Plan for Europe" at the same
time as the review of the Telecom Regulatory Framework
 Working groups
− WG1: 5G-enabled ecosystems, use cases and common calendar
− WG2: Large scale / pre-commercial trial(s) in Europe
− WG3: Regulatory environment and boosting infrastructure investment

D. Soldani
Usage scenarios of IMT for 2020 and beyond (5G)
Source: ITU R. M. [ IMT.VISION]
eMBB
20/10 Gbps
VR: the Next Social Platform
—Zuckerberg keynotes in MWC2016
AlphaGo vs. Lee sedol — 4:1
Cloud access anywhere will require
1 ms latency and U-R connectivity
AI
VR
mMTC uRLLC
1ms
Enhanced Mobile
Broadband (eMBB)
Ultra-Reliable and
Low Latency Communications
(uRLLC)
5G Usage Scenarios
Y2025:100 billions
90B
Things
10B
People
106 /km2
Massive Machine Type
Communications
(mMTC)

D. Soldani
Enhancement of key capabilities from 3GPP LTE to 5G
[ITU-R]
Enhanced Mobile
Broadband
Massive Machine Type
Communications
Ultra-Reliable and Low
Latency Communications

D. Soldani
Summary of the key resolutions at WRC15 pertinent to 5G
WRC15 WRC19
10 50403020 60 8070 9054 6321
GHz
Different channel characteristics to Sub6GHz
New bands agreed for
discussions in 2019
New or Harmonized bands
for IMT Use
• 700MHz Band (694-790 MHz)
• L-Band (1427-1518 MHz)
• C-Band (3.4-3.8 GHz)
• 24.25-27.5 GHz
• 31.8-33.4 GHz
• 37-40.5 GHz
• 40.5-43.5 GHz
• 45.5-47 GHz
• 47-50.2 GHz
• 50.4-52.6 GHz
• 66-76 GHz
• 81-86 GHz
Cellular
Bands
Sub6GHz
5 MHz 20MHz 100MHz (Proposal) 1GHz (Proposal)
UMTS
5G:
> 6GHz
5G:
< 6GHzLTE
3-4GHz

WRC-15 Updates
Frequencies
(MHz)
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
EU Africa Arab C.I.S N.A L.A Asia
470-698 Y Y Y
1427-1452 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
1452-1492 Y Y Y Y Y Y
1492-1518 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
3300-3400 Y Y Y
3400-3600 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
3600-3700 Y Y Y
3700-3800 Y
C-band
C-band will enable Ultra Wide Carrier Bandwidth for 5G

D. Soldani
Tera-Cell
50Gb/s Macro
100Gb/s Micro
80Gb/s
E-Band link
100T OXC
“Edge”
10Gb/s link speed
5G multi-tenant network and services vision
iCub
www.icub.org
Sound
field
Indoor (above 6GHz)
4K stereo video
binaural audio
4K/8K video
24 beams
audio
Microphone
arrayCamera array
Outdoor (below 6GHz)
2) Rendering and Interacting
[DORO:Sant’AnnaUniversity,Italy]
5) Networking
3) Reasoning
2) Rendering and Interacting
[ORO:Sant’AnnaUniversity,Italy]
1) Sensing
4) Acting
4) Acting
Slice
- FULL Immersive Experience
- ANYTHING as a Service
 Decriptive
 Predictive
 Presciptive

D. Soldani
Network, air interface and spectrum usage evolution from 4G to 4.5G and 5G
Spectrum
Air Interface
Network
Architecture
4G 4.5G 5G
6GHz 100GHz
ExistingSpectrum
6GHz
ExistingSpectrum
6GHz
New Spectrum+ ExistingRefarming
LTE LTE
256QAM
Massive -
MIMO
eCA (32)
LTE-M
NB-IoT
LAA
eD2D
D2X
……
NEW
AIR
Waveform
ChannelCoding
Multiple Access
Full-
Duplex
Frame ……
EPC
vEPC
5G Network
Functions
100GHz 100GHz
Virtualization + Cloudformation
(Plasticity)
Virtualization

D. Soldani
5G plastic architecture and example application to static machines type of traffic
RO: Apps and Links Control Plane (C-Plane)
TM-A: Apps Enforcement /Maintenance
TM-L: Links Enforcement /Maintenance
FM App: Links Data Plane (D-Plane)
5G C-Plane (Slice)
Orchestration interfaces
SDN Controller interface
5G App – SDN Controller interface
= Orchestration
= Control plane
AN CML
DHCP
AAGP
FM
Device AAL
ANDevice
MTC
Server
LHRE
S6a-C MTC S6b-C MTC
S11-C MTC
SGi-C MTC
Sx-C MTC
MTC
C-Plane
Slice
MTC
D-Plane
Slice
Device
Access
Network
Core
Network
5G AN Uu
5G AN Uu
S1-C MTC
PoP =Point of Presence (e.g. small Data Center); DC=Data Center; CMP =Cloud Management Platform (e.g. OpenStack)
SDN Platform =OpenFlowbased ControlPlatform (e.g. Floodlight); LHRE =Last Hop Routing Element
AN = generic Access Network element; CML =ConnectivityManagement Localfunction
FM =Flow Management; AAL =Authentication and Authorization (AA) Local; GP =General Purpose
DHCP =Dynamic Host Configuration Protocolfunction, e.g. Addresses; Sxx, Uu =3GPP Interfaces
SDN controller
SDN controller
RA
App
CM
App
AA
App
FM
App
CM
App
MM
App
CMP
RA
App
CMP
RA
App
CMP CMP CMP
ROMod
LHRE
LHRE
TM-A TM-A TM-A
TM-L
TM-L
PoP PoP PoP
DC DC DC DC
femtoNode
WiFi Node
xDSL Access
5G RAN
∀ Access
TM-A TM-A
CMP
TM-ALHRE
Exampleapplicationtostatic
machinestypeoftraffic

D. Soldani
End to End Slicing for 5G Communication Systems
Computing nodes (dc, PoP)
SDN Controller
Forwarding elements
SDN Controller-Switch i/f
Physical link
MACRO
FEMTO
FEMTO
PoP
SDN-C
dc
s s
PDN 1
PDN 2
PoP
PoP
AF1
dcPoP
NF2 NF3 NF4
NF1 NF5
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
5G Slice 1 (C/D-Plane links)
5G Slice 1 (C/D-Plane apps)
5G Slice 2(C/D-Plane links)
5G Slice 2 (C/D-Plane apps)
s
s
s
s
s s
SDN-C
Slices
s
Plastic architecture
MICRO
FEMTO
FEMTO
AF1
AF2
AF2
MICRO
Device Triggered Network Controlled (DTNC) vs. 3GPP R13 CN Decór+
 Explicit Slice Selection (ESS) and Ambiguos Slice Selection (ASS)
1. Enhanced MIB and Slice Specific SIBs
2. Slice Specific TrCHs/PhCHs
3. DTNC E/A slice selection and attach procedure
SADelay:25%GainSignallingOH:50%Gain
SIBBroadcastRate(kb/s):2-3xhigherforE/ASSwithupto35Slices
Example with two slices: eMBB and mMTC
NB: eMMB Slice not affected by load with DTNC
VF
DT

D. Soldani
Mobility ManagementApplication (MMA) for SDN
Switch 3
(Access point)
Switch 4
Web
Server
Controller
Switch 2
(Access point)
Switch 1
Mobility
Management
Application (MMA)
M1
Flow 1 Action 1
Flow 2 Action 2
Flow 1 Action 1
Flow 2 Action 2
Flow 1 Action 1
Flow 2 Action 2
Topology Devices
M1
Flow 1 Action 1
Flow 2 Action 2
0.00
500000.00
1000000.00
1500000.00
2000000.00
2500000.00
MMA_Proactive MMA_Reactive
Delay(ns)
Overall Time
Inside Controller
Inside MMA
160%
• Topology: 10 Access Points, 200 active mobiles
• 10 Handovers/s with random mobility
Configured flow
for mobile device
before handover
SDN Control Links
Configured flow
for mobile device
after handover

High band non-standalone assisted by low band
5G
Macro Cell
UP: User Plane
CP: Control Plane
HF Coverage HF Coverage LF Coverage
5G
Small Cell
Marco Site @ Sub6GHz
 Connectivity & coverage & mobility
Small Cell @ Above 6GHz
 High traffic offloading
Self-Backhaul

D. Soldani
Multiple access techniques
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA): time and frequency resources sharing in the same spatial
layer via power or code domain multiplexing, e.g. SCMA, MUSA, LDS-OFDM, etc.
SIC=SuccessiveInterferenceCancellation
Network NOMA: multi-user precoding
Spatial Filtering NOMA: Using 3D-BF, AAS, M-MIMO
Basic NOMA: SIC receiver
[Source CMCC]
Ex:6Users,twobitsmapped
toacomplexcodeword,which
arethenmultiplexedoverfour
sharedorthogonalresources
(e.g.OFDMsubcarriers)
SoDeMA = Software Defined Multiple Access
MPA = Message Passing Algorithm (MPA)

D. Soldani
Advanced waveforms
 Per-subcarrier pulse shaping: using prototype filter with steep power roll-off for shaping
subcarrier signals in frequency and/or time domain
 Sub-band filtering: applying filters to a group of subcarriers after OFDM modulation
Pulse shape design parameters
Waveform Name
Pulse length Pulse shapes Localization
K=1 Rectangular Time CP-OFDM F- OFDM (*)
K=1 (NFFT long) Rectangular Time ZP-OFDM UF-OFDM (*)
1<= K<1.5 Various Time + Frequency W-OFDM
K=4 Long pulse Time + Frequency FBMC/QAM
Arbitrary K Various Flexible P-OFDM
(*) Additional band pass filter needed
K = 1
1 =< K <1.5
K = 4
The choice of either one of the two variants depends on the required degree of spectral and temporal confinement

D. Soldani
Filtered-OFDM (F-OFDM)
Pros
 Multi-service with different time and frequency numerology
(e.g. CP, sub-carrier spacing (symbol duration), TTI at
different carrier frequencies)
 Low out-of-band emission (OOBE)
 Flexible frequency multiplexing
 Simple channel equalization
 Multi-antenna transmission
 Efficient spectrum utilization
 Affordable computational complexity
 Possibility to incorporate other waveforms
 Backward and forward compatibility
Cons
 Non-orthogonal in time and quasi-orthogonal in frequency
 Slightly more prone to delay-spread channels than P-OFDM

D. Soldani
Pulse shaped OFDM (P-OFDM)
Pros
 Excellent OOB interference control and
efficient utilization of narrow frequency bands
 Partitioning of spectrum into independent
bands with excellent capabilities for
coexistence of services in the same frequency
band and spectrum sharing
 Any modulation order and MIMO capability
 Excellent robustness against synchronization
errors
 Flexible frame structure with large subcarrier
spacing for high Doppler in Vehicle to Anything
(V2X) communications
 Short TTI length for low latency scenarios and
one way ping delay < 0.5 ms
Cons
 Filter length may be limited by delay constrains
Operational range of 16QAM
OFDM P-OFDM

D. Soldani
V2X P-OFDM Based Low Latency Real-Time (Demonstration)
UE2BBU
UE2RFUE1RF
UE1BBU
Macro BS
BSRF
BSBBU
UE2UE1
OFDM
modulation
CRCTx-
PPN
Turbo
encoder
OFDM
demodulation
Turbo
decoder
USRP
API
Rx-
PPN
Ethernet/PCIe
Host (Baseband)
USRPX310 (RF frontend)
Channel
estimation
/equalization
MAC
Optimized baseband processing running on Intel platform x86_64
USRP SDR as RF frontend
Enabling D2D and cellular assisted D2D access
One way ping delay < 0.5 ms

D. Soldani
New air interface
SCMA
P-OFDM/F-OFDM
Polar Code
Full Duplex Massive MIMO
Mobile Internet Internet of Things
One air interface fits many applications with high flexibility,
at least a 3x spectral efficiency improvement
Adaptive
Air Interface
Service Oriented Radio (SOR): choosing different air interface components for different applications

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 26 M-MIMOF-OFDM SCMA Polar Code
+ + +
Huawei 5G Low Band Test Bed
World’s Highest Throughput @ Sub6G
10 Gbps32
51.6 bps/Hz
18 Layers
2293.34
3441.2
4586.9 5733.6
6880.3
7453.7
8027
8600.4
9173.8
9747.1
10320.5
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
4 6 8 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Mbps
Layer
Technology
Innovations
200MHz BW

D. Soldani
Huawei 5G High Band Test Bed
World’s Highest Throughput @ E-Band
9.6GHz BW
115 Gbps
Technology
Innovations

D. Soldani
5G timeline
3GPP timeline:
• Phase 1 by Sep 2018/Rel-15
for more urgent commercial
needs (to be agreed)
 Deployment 2H2020
• Phase 2 by Mar 2020/Rel-16
for all identified use cases/
requirements:
 Deployment 2H2021
NB: New Radio (NR) design
forward compatible so that
features can be added in
optimal way in later releases
17/06 18/09 20/03
Rel 13 Rel 14 Rel 15 Rel 16
Rel15WIDRequirements study
WIDArchitecture study
WIDRAN study
SA1
SA2
RAN
5G Phase 1
deployment
Rel16WIDRequirements study
WIDArchitecture study
WIDRAN study
SA1
SA2
RAN

D. Soldani
Conclusions
5G tests and trials with Verticals essential step
towards effective standardization
3GPP primary organization and others – such as,
e.g., ONF and IETF – complementary
Public party crucial role in early consensus (e.g.
5GPPP), policies, regulatory processes
IP Rights shall not hinder 5G technologies adoption
and market uptake

D. Soldani
Thank you
Copyright©2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and
operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to
differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only
and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.

D. Soldani
References
1) X. An, C. Zhou, R. Trivisonno, R. Guerzoni, A. Kaloxylos, D. Soldani, A. Hecker, “On E2E Network Slicing for 5G
Communication systems,” Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, July-Sept 2016. (In press.)
2) D. Soldani, “5G communications: development and prospects,” McGraw-Hill, Science and Technologies, Jun-Sep 2016. (In
press.)
3) 5G PPP Infrastructure Association, “5G for Verticals,” White Paper, MWC 2016, Barcelona, February 2016.
4) H. Cao, A. R. Ali, S. Gangakhedkar, Z. Zhao, “5G V2X communication based on P-OFDM waveform,” 20th International ITG
Workshop on Smart Antennas, Munich, Germany, March 2016.
5) X. Zhang, M. Jiay, L. Chen, J. May, J. Qiu, “Filtered-OFDM — Enabler for Flexible Waveform in The 5th Generation Cellular
Networks”, IEEE Globecom, San Diego, CA, December 2015.
6) ITU-R, “IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond,” M Series,
September 2015.
7) D. Soldani, B. Barani, C.L. I, R. Tafazolli and A. Manzalini (ed.), “Software Defined 5G Networks for Anything as a Service,”
IEEE Communications Magazine, Feature Topic, September 2015.
8) D. Soldani (ed.), “Emerging topics: Special issue on 5G for Active and Healthy Ageing,” IEEE COMSOC MMTC E-Letter, July
2015.
9) D. Soldani, A. Manzalini, “Horizon 2020 and Beyond: On the 5G Operating System for a True Digital Society,” IEEE Vehicular
Technology Magazine, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 32-42 March 2015.
10) R. Trivisonno, R. Guerzoni, I. Vaishnavi and D. Soldani, “SDN-based 5G mobile networks: architecture, functions, procedures
and backward compatibility,” Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Volume 26, Issue 1, pp. 82-92,
January 2015.

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