DR AJITH KUMAR HERE TO SHARE HIS VIEWS ON SAPONIFICATION VALUE.

1. Analytical Seminar
Saponification Value
Dr Ajith kumar
Final year M.D scholar
Dept-RSBK
KLE SHRI BMK AYURVEDA MAHAVIDYALAYA BELAGAVI

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Objective
• Materials Required
• Analytical Procedure
• Principle
• Calculation
• Precaution
• Importance
• Applied aspect
• Research work
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3. Contd…
• Own view
• Summary
• Conclusion
• Refernce
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4. Introduction
• Mean to convert fat to soap by treating with an
alkali /converting in to soap
• Saponification is a process that produces soap
usually from fat.
• Saponification value is expressed by potassium
hydroxide in mg required to saponify one gram
of fat.
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5. Contd….
• Vegetable oils and animal fats are main materials
that are saponified.
• These greasy materials ,tri esters called triglycerides
and these are mixtures derived from fatty acids .
• Fatty acids are carbolic acids and it may be saturated
and unsaturated .
• Most naturally occurring fatty acids have a chain of
even number of carbon atoms from 12 to 28.
• This is exactly the reaction of potassium hydroxide
required to saponify 1gm of tri esters of fatty acids .
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6. Contd…
• The length of chain of fatty acids is inversely
proportional to the saponification number.
• Medium and long length of triglycerides are
generally considered as good biologically inert
source of energy that the human body finds
easy to metabolized .
• Because there is no require of bile salt for
digestion .
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7. Contd…
• These are important source of fuel because
when metabolized they yield large quantity of
ATP.
• Brain cells ,heart and skeleton muscles prefer
fatty acids as part of nutrition.
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8. OBJECTIVE
• To know about test of determination of
saponification value and its importance.
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9. Materials required
• Conical flask/ Iodine flask
• Burette
• Heating apparatus (water bath)
• Reflex condensor
• Burette stand
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10. CHEMICALS REQUIRED
• Reagents
1-0.5 mol/L HCL
2- 0.5 mol/L Ethenolic potassium hydroxide
3- Phenolphthalen solution
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11. Analytical Procedure
• 1- Deliver 1.5 to 2.0g sample in to a 200ml
conical flask
• 2-Add 25.0ml of 0.5mol/L Ethanolic
potassium hydroxide and fix a condensor to
the flask.
• 3-Gently heat the flask occasionally shaking
while adjusting the heat so that backflow
ethanol will not reach the top of cooling pipe.
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12. Procedure images
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13. Contd…
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14. Contd…
• 4-After heating for 30 minutes ,immediately
cool it and titrate with 0.5mol/L HCL along
with 1ml of indicator as phenolphthalein
indicator.
• 5-Perform blank test (without sample
following step 1 to 4 above ) for 3 times to
obtain mean value of titration volume of 0.5
mol/L hydrochloric acid.
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15. Principle
• Fats (triglycerides) upon alkaline hydrolysis
(either with KOH or NaOH ) yield glycerol
and potassium or sodium salts of fatty acids.
(soap)
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16. Use of different alkalis
• By using different types of alkali in the process
the type of reaction product can be altered
between hard and soft.
• Using KOH: We can obtain soft soaps.
• Using NaOH: We can obtain hard soaps.
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17. Determination of value
• Saponification value ( mg / g ) = ( BLl － EPl ) ×
TF × Cl × KL / SIZE
• EPl ： Titration volume ( mL )
• BLl ： Blank level ( 25.029mL )
• TF ： Reagent (HCl) factor ( 1.006 )
• Cl ： concentration conversion coefficient (
28.05 mg/mL )
• (Potassium hydroxide in Eq.:56.11×0.5)
• Kl ： Unit conversion coefficient ( 1 )
• SIZE ： Sample size ( g )
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18. Calculation
• Saponification value=56.1(b-a)N/W
• where,
b=volume in ml of standard HCL required for
the blank
a = Volume in ml of standard HCl acid
required for the sample
N= Normality of the standard HCl acid and
W=Weight of the sample in gms
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19. Significance of test/Applied aspect
• Saponification value indicates higher content
of low molecular weight fatty acids
• A medicated ghee/oil preparation contains low
molecular weight of fatty acids ,which get
absorbed fast and in more percentage .
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20. Precautionary Measures
• Reading should be read correctly on burette.
• Titration is carried out very systemically.
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21. IMPORTANCE
• It determine weight of fatty acids present in fats.
• Adulteration of sample with unsaponifiable matter.
• Adulteration of sample with higher or lower with other
subs.
• Calculation the amount of alkali required in
manufacture of soap.
• Unsaponifiable matter consists of subs present in oils or
fats which are not saponifiable by alkali and are
determined by extraction with solution of organic
solvent.
• Examples : phytosterol cholesterol and vitamins.
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22. Research Articles
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Safonification value
of Dhatyadi ghritha
is = 95

23. Own view
• Comparative study with Modern and
Ayurvedic preparations with respect to
svaviryata avadhi.
• Clinical significance of safonification of
different yogas.
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24. Summary
• The saponification value corresponds to the
mass in mg of potassium hydroxide (KOH –
commonly known as potash) needed to
neutralize the free fatty acids and saponify the
esters contained in a gram of material.
• We multiply by 1, 2 or 3 if we are dealing
with mono-, di- or triglycerides.
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25. Conclusion
• Determination of saponfication value is one of
the quality control measure for ghrita and taila.
• Higher the value higher the rate of absorption
of fat from the intestine.
• By doing the murchana samskar to the ghrita
and taila,the saponification value incresase and
acid value decrease.
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26. References
• Ayurvedic pharmacopia of India.
• Pharmaceutico-analytical study of yamak paka
w.s.r. to vantyadi yamaka.
• A book of bhaishajya kalpana(Indian
pharmaceutics)by Dr Shobha G Hiremath.
• Pharaceutico-analytical study and
standardization of panchatiktaka ghrita.
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27. THANK YOU
EVERYONE….
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