This study compared the phytochemical contents and quality of different lettuce varieties grown in a closed hydroponic system. Several red and green lettuce varieties were analyzed for morphological parameters, bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties, and overall quality. The results showed that red varieties Multired 4, Soltero, and Cantarix, and green varieties Multigreen 1 and Multigreen 3 had higher levels of phytochemicals like beta-carotene, phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid. These varieties are recommended for use in mixed fresh cut salads or as whole products to improve antioxidant and nutrient intake.
VIP Call Girls Vapi 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND OVERALL QUALITY OF LEAFY LETTUCE VARIETIES (LACTUCA SATIVA L.) GROWN IN A CLOSED HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
1. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
1
Department of Crop Sciences
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND OVERALL
QUALITY OF LEAFY LETTUCE VARIETIES (LACTUCA
SATIVA L.) GROWN IN A CLOSED HYDROPONIC
SYSTEM
Bevly M. Mampholoa, Martin M. Mabokob, Puffy Soundy,a
Dharini Sivakumara
a Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001,
West Campus, South Africa
b Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant, Private Bag
X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
2. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
2
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a popular salad vegetable
grown in hydroponic system and marketed as whole
product or as fresh cuts
Colour, size, texture and taste -important parameters for
market price and the consumer preference
Lettuce with various colours and shapes are
packaged for fresh cut salad mixes
INTRODUCTION
4. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
4
Phytochemical composition vary among different varieties
and it is important to choose certain type of varieties that
are rich in phytochemicals
Important
-to profile the important bioactive compounds in order to
improve the antioxidant and nutrient intake in the diet
-for regulations regarding the phytochemical compositions-
nutrition claims on the labels mentioning the quantitative
information of the phytochemicals
5. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
5
The objective
To compare morphological parameters (fresh leaf mass,
leaf size, and colour)
To profile the bioactive compounds (phenolic content,
flavonoid profile, ascorbic acid content, β-carotene,
antioxidant property
To recommend the varieties that are rich in phytochemicals
for mixed fresh cut salads or as whole product
6. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
6
Multired 4
Red Oak
Red Curly
Cantarix Lunix
Lenon Soltero
Red varieties
MATERIALS & METHODS
11. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
11
Growth condition
A gravel-film technique hydroponic system was used to
perform
the trial
The seedlings were planted in 2 m x 1 m plots, at a plant
spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm. There were 50 plants per plot (2
m2)
Hygroponic fertilisers, (Hygrotech Seed (Pty) Ltd., South
Africa) were used. Temperature 3.5 °C and 21-27°C ; RH
40-50%
12. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
12
After harvesting (30 days after transplanting)
Morphology parameters: Fresh leaf mass, Leaf area,
Leaf colour
Analysis of ascorbic acid
Analysis of phytochemicals: β-Carotene, Total phenols,
Flavonols (isohamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol, mycertin),
Flavan-3-ols (epi-catechin), Anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-
glucoside)
Antioxidant property: DPPH, ABTS.+ FRAP
13. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
Leaf area
13
Fresh weight
Leaf morphological parameters
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
0
50
100
150
200
250
Cantarix
Lunix
Multired4
Palmir
Hardy
Nasir
Smile
Monary
VeraGreenFrilly
Atlantis
Multigreen1
Multigreen3
Feska
Lenon
Soltero
VenezaRoxa…
Freshweightg/plant)
fg
e
h
bcd
a
ababc
bcdbcd
de
ef
cde
g g
h
cde
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Cantarix
Lunix
Multired4
Palmir
Hardy
Nasir
Smile
Monary
VeraGreenFrilly
Atlantis
Multigreen1
Multigreen3
Feska
Lenon
Soltero
VenezaRoxa…
Leafarea(cm2/Plant)
efg
cde
h
a ab
ab ab
defg
bc
cd
g efg fg efg
h
defg
14. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
14
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
Cantarix
Lunix
Multired4
Palmir
Hardy
Nasir
Smile
Monary
VeraGreenFrilly
Atlantis
Multigreen1
Multigreen3
Feska
Lenon
Soltero
VenezaRoxaRedFrilly
Colourcoordinatea*
d
Leaf colour
Colour coordinate a*
b
a
g
e
g
ef
h fg
g
e
d
d
a a
c
a
a
15. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
15
β carotene
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Cantarix
Lunix
Multired4
Palmir
Hardy
Nasir
Smile
Monary
Vera…
Atlantis
Multigreen1
Multigreen3
Feska
Lenon
Soltero
Veneza…
βcarotene
(mg100g-1FW)
b
cd
a
ef
bc
f
bc
f
ef
g
bc
de
f
b
ef f
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Cantarix
Lunix
Multired4
Palmir
Hardy
Nasir
Smile
Monary
Vera…
Atlantis
Multigreen1
Multigreen3
Feska
Lenon
Soltero
Veneza…
Ascorbicacid(mg100g-1)
FW)
Ascorbic acid
ab
e
a
gh
f
f
gh
f
g
h
f
cdeabcbcdab
de
16. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
16
Flavonols
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cantarix
Lunix
Multired4
Palmir
Hardy
Nasir
Smile
Monary
VeraGreenFrilly
Atlantis
Multigreen1
Multigreen3
Feska
Lenon
Soltero
VenezaRoxaRed…
Flavonols(mg100g-1FW)
3-methylquercetin (Isohamnetin) Quercetin
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Cantarix
Lunix
Multired4
Palmir
Hardy
Nasir
Smile
Monary
VeraGreenFrilly
Atlantis
Multigreen1
Multigreen3
Feska
Lenon
Soltero
VenezaRoxaRed…
Flavonols(mg100g-1FW)
Kaempferol Mycertin
cd cd
a
h h
fg f
hi gh
i
ef
f
c
de
b
fcd cd
a
g g f f
gh g
h
ef f
c
de
b
f
cd cd
a
h h fg f
hi
gh
i
ef
f
c
de
b
f
cd cd
a
h h
fg f
hi gh i
ef f
c de
b
f
17. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
17
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Cantarix
Lunix
Multired4
Palmir
Hardy
Nasir
Smile
Monary
VeraGreenFrilly
Atlantis
Multigreen1
Multigreen3
Feska
Lenon
Soltero
VenezaRoxa…
Epicatechin(mg100g-1FW)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Cantarix
Lunix
Multired4
Palmir
Hardy
Nasir
Smile
Monary
Vera…
Atlantis
Multigreen1
Multigreen3
Feska
Lenon
Soltero
Veneza…
Anthocyanin(mg100g-1FW)
f f
cd cd
a
g g f f
gh g
h
ef f
c
de
b
f
d
e
a
f f f f f f f
b
c
ab
d
19. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
19
Conclusion
Selection of specific genotypes that are rich
in bioactive compounds is important in order
to improve the antioxidant and nutrient intake
in the diet
Red lettuce Multired 4, Soltero or Cantarix and green lettuce
varieties, Multigreen 1 or Multigreen 3 can be used in mixed fresh
cut salads or they can be consumed as whole product
20. Faculty of Science
Department Horticulture
20
Agricultural Research Council (ARC) - Vegetable and Ornamental
Plant (VOP), Pretoria , South Africa
South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of
Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation of
South Africa (Grant No 98352)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
