DEEPESH KUSHWAH PROJECT 3rd sem 1.docx

A
Project File
ON
MINOR PROJECT
SUBMITTED TO
JIWAJI UNIVERSITY, GWALIOR (M.P.)
Home
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF IIIrd
SEMESTER OF
Master Of Science
In
Computer Science
ADADEMIC YEAR 2021-23
Submitted to:- Submitted by:-
Mr. pankaj goyal Deepesh kushwah
Roll No. 211002971
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND ALLIED
SCIENCES
JIWAJI UNIVERSITY, GWALIOR (M.P.)
2023

CHAT BOT – A CHAT
BUDDY TO
ANSWER YOUR
QUERIES.

ABSTRACT
As a result of the rapid technological development lead to the
development of the chatbot concept and the time and effort it can
save.
This is a simple Web Application Project entitled Simple ChatBot
Application. This project was develop using PHP Programming
Language. This chatbot application can simulate conversations with
the end-users. The end-user can ask/query anything with this
application and the chatbot will automatically respond
accordingly to the queries/questions. The program has an admin
panel where can admin user of this web application will feed the
responses for the possible questions that users may ask/query to
the chatbot. The admin panel has many features that are related
to the chatbot information. The admin user can also manage some
other details of the chat boot such as the welcome message, no
result message for the query, and avatars. Talking about the
chatbot responses, the admin will store information in the system
and will tag the possible question for that response. The system
also stores the questions that no answers can be found in the
database. By this, the admin can check if the questions are
relevant to the site. And if does, the admin user can create a
response for that query.
Many specialized frameworks have emerged to undertake chatbot
creation and development. By relying on artificial intelligence, the
chatbot has integrated machine learning within it, and it has
become more comprehensive and wider for various technological
fields. Therefore, we will create a chatbot for the University's
Admission and Registration related queries of the student who is
thinking of getting the admission in the university, the project
aims to build a chatbot to facilitate the process of accessing
information related to student’s inquiries towards admissions,
Registration and the university itself. The motivation for the work
of this project is that there is no university-level equivalent from

previous graduation projects, as this project mainly targets all
students over the globe and non students(parents/guardians) . As
a conclusion, it lies in answering frequent and common questions
by people and providing the answer to these questions at any time
the person wants.
What is natural language processing (NLP)?
Natural language processing, which evolved from computational
linguistics, uses methods from various disciplines, such as
computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and data
science, to enable computers to understand human language in
both written and verbal forms.

CONTENT
TOPIC PAGE
CERTIFICATE…………………………………………………………….. 1
DECLARATION……………………………………………………… …...2
1.CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………… 6
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 OBJECTIVE
1.4 SCOPE
1.5 TIMELIINE
2.CHAPTER -2:CHATBOTS
2.1 CHATBOT
2.2 TYPES OF CHATBOT
2.3 HOW DO THEY WORK
2.4 OPTIONS TO BUILD CHATBOTS
2.5 CHATBOT PLATFORM ALTERNATIVES
2.6 SELECTED PLATFORM
3.CHAPTER-3: THE PROJECT
3.1 HOW THE IDEA DEVELOPED
3.2 OUR CHATBOT OVERVIEW
4.CHAPTER-4: INTRODUCTION TO THE CHATBOT SYSTEM
4.1 FRONT END:-
4.1.1 HTML5
4.1.2 CSS
4.1.3 JAVASCRIPT
4.1.4 JQUERY
4.1.5 AJAX
4.1.6 BOOTSTRAP

4.1.7 ADMINLTE
4.2 BACK END :-
4.2.1 PHP(VERSION 8.0.2)
4.2.2 MYSQL DATABASE
4.2.3 MYSQLi OOP
5.CHAPTER-5 SYSTEM REQUIRMENTS
5.1 REQUIRMENTS
7. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE………………….………… 47
7.1 SDLC MODEL
8. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT...……………………….. 51
9. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….. 52
10. REFERENCES……………………………………………….………….…53

School of Mathematics and Allied Sciences,
Jiwaji University, Gwalior
DECLARATION
I am Deepesh kushwah, student of M.Sc. (Computer Science) 3rd
semester, Hereby I declare that this Report File of Minor Project on
“CHATBOT” is submitted by me. I submit this report file for the partial
fulfilment of the requirement of the 3rd semester of M.Sc. (Computer
Science). This work has not been submitted in part of full to this or
any other university for the award of any degree or diploma to the
best of our knowledge. I further declare that the best of my
knowledge, this minor project does not contain any description used
anywherse else.
DEEPESH KUSHWAH
ROLL NO. 211002971
M.Sc. (C.S.) IIIrd
SEM

School of Mathematics and Allied Sciences,
Jiwaji University, Gwalior
CERTIFICATE
This is certified that the project report entitled “CHAT BOT” in html
css php javascript bootstrap jquery ajax adminlte , has been
prepared by Deepesh kushwah in partial fulfillment for minor project
in “M.Sc. (Computer Science)” 3rd Sem at School of Mathematics and
Allied Science, Jiwaji University, Gwalior and is a record to project
work carried out under proper guidance and supervision.
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Introduction 1.1
Introduction-
1.1 Chatbot is a computer program that humans will interact with in
natural spoken language and including artificial intelligence
techniques such as NLP (Natural language processing){“in this module
we don’t have this AI feature yet”} that makes the chatbot more
interactive and more reliable.
Based on the recent epidemiological situation, the increasing demand
and reliance on electronic education has become very difficult to
access to the university due to the curfew imposed, and this has led to
limited access to information for academics at the university.
This project aims to build a chatbot for Admission and Registration to
answer every person who asks about the university, colleges, majors
and admission policy and other basic queries of yours regarding the
chat bot and you can ask the chatbot about itself and its technology.
This is a simple web application project entitled SIMPLE CHATBOT
APPLLICATION.This project was develop using php programming
language. This chatbot application can simulate conversations with
the end users. The end user ask/query anythinng with this application
and the chatbot will automatically respond accordingly to the
queries/questions .The program has a addmin panel where can admin
user of the web application will feed the responses for the possible
queries/question that user may ask to the chatbot. The admin panel
has many feature that are related to thr chatbot information. The
admin user can also manages some of the other details of the chatbot
such as the welcome message ,no result message for the query and the
avatar. Talking about the chatbot responses ,the admin will store the
information in the system and will tag the possible questions for the
responses.The system also stores the questions that hasno answers
found in the database. By this ,admin can check if the are relevant to
the site and if does the admin user can create the response for that
query.

1.2 Problem Statement
At the start of each academic semester, registration opens for those
wishing to join the university in various disciplines, and telephone
calls for admission and registration abound. This leads to an increase
in the loads and work for the employees of the Deanship of
Admission and Registration as a result of the constant pressure of
those wishing to register and their families by flocking to the
Deanship, so the employees are not able to answer the phone calls and
social media. This often leads to many students who wish to register
to be ignored.
Many students who are willing to get admission loses their hope and
interest when they don’t get the proper response of the admission
query
The students who are living far and wants to take the admission in
the university can come here to check and inquire about the
university ,can get the answer of their questions visiting the chatbbot
application at their home no need to come here to enquire.
1.3 Objectives
● Save effort and time for both the Admission and registration staff
and students who wish to enroll.
● Provide detailed information about colleges and majors.
● Easy access to information.
●provide basic answer of your question regarding some of the any
other topic.

1.4 Scope
● People who wish to enroll Jiwaji University(I have programmed
the chatbot according to this university) .
● Admission and registration staff.
● curious people who has questions regarding technologies that is
used to build this bot and some informations too.
●students who are wishing to enroll in the new session but living far
and can’t come to inquire about the university.

1.5 timeline
Number of the
task
Task name Reqquuired time in
weeks
1 Proposal 2
2 Information planning and
collecting
3
3 Background and alternatives 2
4 Determine system
requirements
2
5 System requirements analysis
and design
2
6 System programming and
configure
9
7 System test 3
8 System documentation All project period

Chapter 2: CHATBOTS
2.1 Chatbot :
A chatbot is a computer program that can simulate a conversation or
chat with a user in natural language through messaging applications,
website, or mobile applications and interact with users according to
their input and should be available 24/7.
Chatbots are developed and became so popular due to the increased
use of smart devices and IoT technology.
2.2 Types of chatbots
a. Base-line chatbot: It is a chatbot that is based on a database and
uses if / then logic to create a conversation flow and that takes a lot of
time to ensure the understanding of the question and the answer
needed.
Base line or Simple chatbots have limited capabilities, and are usually
called rule-based bots. They are task-specific. Think of them as IVRS
on chat. This means the bot poses questions based on predetermined
options and the customer can choose from the options until they get
answers to their query. The chatbot will not make any inferences from
its previous interactions. These chatbots are best suited for
straightforward dialogues. They are very simple to build and train.
Example :ORDERING PIZZA
When a customer interacts with a chatbot to order pizza, the flow of
the conversation is set. Just like an operator asks for your order over
the phone, the chatbot will pose the questions in the same way.
Starting from the size of the pizza, to the crust, toppings and amount
of cheese. It will then request the address and payment method. The
steps are logical and only requires the customer to click through to
complete their order.

b. AI chatbot: This type of chatbot is more complex than base-line but
it is more interactive and personalized and needs big data training to
be impressive if the problem is matched to their capabilities.
AI-enabled smart chatbots are designed to simulate near-human
interactions with customers. They can have free-flowing
conversations and understand intent, language, and sentiment. These
chatbots require programming to help it understand the context of
interactions. They are much harder to implement and execute and
need a lot of data to learn.
Example: Virtual Assistants
Virtual assistants are a modified version of smart chatbots. Siri, for
instance, learns from every human interaction. It can also engage in
small talk which is an added benefit of smart chatbots. While smart
chatbots are trained to give the most relevant response with the help
of an open domain resource, they learn best by collecting information
in real-time. Note that companies are yet to build a bot to the extent to
which virtual assistants work because it requires massive data. But

theoretically, smart chatbots would work like virtual assistants within
web apps.
c. Hybrid Model: A hybrid approach mixes the Base-line & AI
chatbot to make it smart and his behavior more expected by
depending on database and Ai algorithm to work together.
They are a combination of base line and AI chatbots. Both base line
and AI chatbots are extremes in the chatbot spectrum. There will
constantly be a need for simple chatbots to be smarter and smart
chatbots to be simpler. Hybrid chatbots meet that middle ground.
Hybrid chatbots have some rule-based tasks, and they can understand
intent and context. This makes them a balanced tool for businesses to
interact with customers.
Example: Medical Diagnosis
Chatbots that help with a medical diagnosis combine the capabilities
of both simple and smart chatbots. Visitors will be able to voice their
health-related questions and the bot can narrow down
possible conditions by asking for symptoms in a rule-based format.
Visitors will be able to go back and forth, choose different options
and give more details until the bot narrows down on their condition
and prescribes remedies for the same.

Hybrid Chatbots are a combination of base line and AI chatbots
2.3 How do chatbots work?
Briefly and as mentioned in the definition, humans interact with
chatbots. There are two ways to interact with a chatbot:
a. Text
chatbot analyzes the inputted text and matches the text with
predefined data called intents which are categorized to manage
the conversation. The user utterance is tagged with one of these
intents, even if what the user says stretches over two or more
intents. Most chatbots will take the intent with the highest score
and take the conversation down that avenue.
b. Voice
Some chatbots can interact and understand the voice of the user
using a set of application programming interfaces (api’s) that
converts the recorded voice to the language and then convert the

voice to words of that language and then deal with the
transformed text as mentioned above.
2.4 Options to build a chatbot.
a. From Scratch At first we have to identify the opportunities
for our chatbot and decide its field and scope to achieve
efficiency and accuracy. and a precise understanding of the
customer needs is required to solve the operational
challenges.
Then the design of the bot comes to be a significant stage to
decide the user engagement with your app or website. and we
can categorize chatbot interactions as structured and
unstructured interactions.
 Structured interaction. You already know about this
kind of interaction. You know what your customers will
ask and can design it easily it's just like an FAQ section
of your app or website[4] . This information will link to
your contact information, services, products, etc.
 Unstructured interaction. The unstructured
conversation flow includes freestyle plain text. It's
hard to predict what queries will emerge and it looks
like an extempore speech competition for your chatbot.
the role of AI comes to lights here, it decodes the
context of the text based on NLP analysis. while the
same NLP will provide a voice to the chatbot.[5]
The later choice will need specialized chatbot developers
with an understanding of programming languages, machine
learning, and AI. We can use some of the code-based
frameworks to build and handle the chatbot like wit.ai and
api.ai.
b. Using platforms

It is similar to scratch chatbots but the only difference is that
you do not have to hire a specialized developer and use the
chatbot builder platforms like Chatfuel, Botsify and Rasa, it’s
not hard or impossible to achieve it. but it’s not possible to
create a NLP-enabled chatbot that can deal with unstructured
data.
2.5 Chatbot Platforms alternatives:
a. IBM Watson: is touted as a question-and-answer system
that can be used to build applications and chatbots. The IBM
Watson platform allows us to create an application that shares
a dialog interaction between our chatbot and users on Quick
n’ Easy Projector Rentals. The IBM interface is simple to use,
and no back-end coding is shown at first glance. The chatbot
can be easily integrated into other applications such as Slack,
Facebook, and Twilio.
b. Google Dialogflow: is an easy to understand
conversational agent. Theoretically, we can have a bot up and
running by understanding 3 core concepts: intents, entities,
and dialog control. As stated earlier, these general concepts
are followed across a majority of the chatbot platforms we
played with.
c. Rasa: is an open source chatbot that is equipped with a
natural language processing tool. The open source tool is
called Rasa NLU. You can tweak and customize the machine
learning algorithm that Rasa uses so that you can create a
model that provides the results you desire. Rasa NLU can be
run wherever you want it to, and none of your training data
has to be passed over to Google, Microsoft, Amazon, or
Facebook to train your chatbot.
d. AWS chatbot :AWS Chatbot is an interactive agent designed
to make it easy to monitor and interact with AWS resources

in Slack channels and Amazon Chime chat rooms. With
AWS Chatbot users can receive alerts, run commands to
return diagnostic information, invoke AWS Lambda
functions, and create AWS support cases.
…..and many others.
2.6 Chatbot building:
We will use the php and xampp and with other programming
languages.
 Advantages:
1.We can code our chatbot according to our thinking
capacity.
2.We can code and design the chatbot as we want it .
 But as we know, nothing is perfect and even they has its
disadvantages like :
1. server requirements.
2. Learning curve - Installation, configuration and training
phases require machine learning expertise (at least basic
level)
3. Context based conversation not available out of the box –
they does not maintain the context automatically. This has
to be programmed separately into the chat service.

Chatpter-3 The project
3.1 How the idea developed.
To attend the enroller even more efficiently Which can save the time
of both the university and the student who are willing to take
admission in the university and inquiring the details ,rather going to
the university now they can simply visit the chatbot application and
can get their answer if they are relevant to the database’s fed question
and then only they can get their result and the problem and the
requirement as we have already mentioned above in the starting .
3.2 The overview of our chatbot.
This is an simple chatbot which already fed questions and their
answer in his database and if the end user ask the question that are
found matching to the questions fed into the datsabse then the end
user will get the answer if the the question is relavent.
If the question asked by the user dosen’t matches the databases
question then it will show and sorry message and ask user to enter
correctly related to this chatbot questions fed into it and the
unanswered question/queries of the end user are stored in the database
and the admin can view them and if they founf relavent to the context
/objective of chatbot then the admin can fed the answer of that
question in the databse and the end user can get the result /answer of
the same query in the next session when the end user asks the same
question to the chatbot.

4.Chapter-4 Introduction to the chatbot application system.
4.1 Front – End
4.1.1 HTML5 :
The hypertext markup language (HTML) is a simple markup
language. Used to create a hypertext documents that are portable from
one platform to another HTML documents are SGML (Standard
generalized mark up language) documents with generic semantics that
are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of
applications. This specification defines HTML version 3.2. HTML
3.2 aims to capture recommended practice as of early ’96 and as such
a replacement for HTML2.0 (RFC 1866).
A set of instructions embedded in a document is called mark
up language. These instructions describe what the document text
means and how it should look like in a display. Hyper Text Mark Up
language (HTML) is the language used to encode World Wide Web
documents.
WHY TO USE HTML?
-> Website is a collection of pages, publications, and documents that
reside on web server. While these pages publications and a document
as a formatted in a single format, you should use HTML for home
page and all primary pages in the site. This will enable the millions of
web users can easily access and to take advantage of your website.
HTML is considered first for formatting any new material you plan to
publish on the web. HTML documents are platform independent,
meaning that they don’t confirm to any standard. If they are created
properly you can move home page to any server platform or you can
access them with any complaint www browser.
STRUCTURE OF HTML:-
HTML elements perform a defined task. HTML uses two types of
elements
. Empty Tags
. Container Tags

These tags differ because of what they represent. Empty tags
represent formatting constricts such as line breaks and horizontal
rules. Container tags define a section of text, formats and dot all of the
selected text. A container tag has both a beginning and an ending.
METHOD ATTRIBUTE:
-> The other required attribute for the tag sets the methods by which
the browser form’s data to the server for processing. There are two
ways: the POST method and GET method. With POST method, the
browser sends the data in two steps: the browser first contacts the
form-processing server specified in the action attributes, and once
contact is made, sends the data.
The GET method in the other hand, contacts the form
processing server and sends the form data in a single transaction step:
the browser appends the data to the form’s action URL, separated by
the question mark (?) character.
//This is the html code in the project for the user when the user
haven’t reach the destination page then it will show error.saying that
text written in the paragragh tags.//
4.1.2 CSS:
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for
describing the presentation of a document written in a markup

language such as HTML or XML (including XML dialects such
as SVG, MathML or XHTML). CSS is a cornerstone technology of
the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.
CSS is designed to enable the separation of content and presentation,
including layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve
content accessibility; provide more flexibility and control in the
specification of presentation characteristics; enable multiple web
pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate
.css file, which reduces complexity and repetition in the structural
content; and enable the .css file to be cached to improve the page load
speed between the pages that share the file and its formatting.
Syntax
CSS has a simple syntax and uses a number of English keywords to
specify the names of various style properties.
A style sheet consists of a list of rules. Each rule or rule-set consists
of one or more selectors, and a declaration block.
Selector
"CSS class" redirects here. For non-CSS use of element classes in
HTML, see class attribute (HTML).
In CSS, selectors declare which part of the markup a style applies to
by matching tags and attributes in the markup itself.
Selectors may apply to the following:
 all elements of a specific type, e.g. the second-level headers h2
 elements specified by attribute, in particular:
o id: an identifier unique within the document, denoted in the
selector language by a hash prefix e.g. #id
o class: an identifier that can annotate multiple elements in a
document, denoted by a dot prefix e.g. .classname (the phrase
"CSS class", although sometimes used, is a misnomer, as
element classes—specified with the HTML class attribute—is a
markup feature that is distinct from browsers' CSS subsystem
and the related W3C/WHATWG standards work on document
styles; see RDF and microformats for the origins of the "class"
system of the Web content model)

 elements depending on how they are placed relative to others in
the document tree.
Pseudo-classes are used in CSS selectors to permit formatting based
on information that is not contained in the document tree. One
example of a widely used pseudo-class is :hover, which identifies
content only when the user "points to" the visible element, usually by
holding the mouse cursor over it. It is appended to a selector as
in a:hover or #elementid:hover
Selectors may be combined in many ways to achieve great specificity
and flexibility. Multiple selectors may be joined in a spaced list to
specify elements by location, element type, id, class, or any
combination thereof. The order of the selectors is important. For
example, div .myClass {color: red;} applies to all elements of class
myClass that are inside div elements,
whereas .myClass div {color: red;} applies to all div elements that
are inside elements of class myClass. This is not to be confused with
concatenated identifiers such as div.myClass {color: red;} which
applies to div elements of class myClass.
CSS can be implemented by three methods:-
 Inline CSS
 Internal or Embedded CSS
 External CSS

// CSS Code of a part of the chatbot.//
4.1.3 Jquery:
jQuery is a lightweight, "write less, do more", JavaScript
library.
The purpose of jQuery is to make it much easier to use JavaScript on
your website.
jQuery takes a lot of common tasks that require many lines of
JavaScript code to accomplish, and wraps them into methods that you
can call with a single line of code.
jQuery also simplifies a lot of the complicated things from JavaScript,
like AJAX calls and DOM manipulation.

The jQuery library contains the following features:
 HTML/DOM manipulation
 CSS manipulation
 HTML event methods
 Effects and animations
 AJAX
 Utilities
Tip: In addition, jQuery has plugins for almost any task out there.
Why jQuery?
There are lots of other JavaScript libraries out there, but jQuery is
probably the most popular, and also the most extendable.
Many of the biggest companies on the Web use jQuery, such as:
 Google
 Microsoft
 IBM
 Netflix
Will jQuery work in all browsers?
The jQuery team knows all about cross-browser issues, and they have
written this knowledge into the jQuery library. jQuery will run exactly
the same in all major browsers.
4.1.4 Ajax
AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
AJAX is a technique for creating fast and dynamic web pages.
AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging
small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes. This means
that it is possible to update parts of a web page, without reloading the
whole page.

Classic web pages, (which do not use AJAX) must reload the entire
page if the content should change.
Examples of applications using AJAX: Google Maps, Gmail,
Youtube, and Facebook tabs.
How AJAX Works
AJAX is Based on Internet Standards
AJAX is based on internet standards, and uses a combination of:
 XMLHttpRequest object (to exchange data asynchronously with
a server)
 JavaScript/DOM (to display/interact with the information)
 CSS (to style the data)
 XML (often used as the format for transferring data)
AJAX applications are browser- and platform-independent!

Google Suggest
AJAX was made popular in 2005 by Google, with Google Suggest.
Google Suggest is using AJAX to create a very dynamic web
interface: When you start typing in Google's search box, a JavaScript
sends the letters off to a server and the server returns a list of
suggestions.
4.1.5 Bootstrap :
Bootstrap is the most popular CSS Framework for
developing responsive and mobile-first websites.Bootstrap 5 is the
newest version of Bootstrap.
Bootstrap is a free, open source front-end development framework for
the creation of websites and web apps. Designed to
enable responsive development of mobile-first websites, Bootstrap
provides a collection of syntax for template designs.
As a framework, Bootstrap includes the basics for responsive web
development, so developers only need to insert the code into a pre-
defined grid system. The Bootstrap framework is built on Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML), cascading style sheets
(CSS) and JavaScript. Web developers using Bootstrap can build
websites much faster without spending time worrying about basic
commands and functions.
Bootstrap's 12-column grid system can update responsively based on
screen size.
What is Bootstrap used for?
Bootstrap makes responsive web design a reality. It makes it possible
for a web page or app to detect the visitor's screen size and orientation
and automatically adapt the display accordingly. The mobile-first

approach assumes smartphones, tablets and task-specific mobile apps
are employees' primary tools for getting work done. Bootstrap
addresses the requirements of those technologies in design and
includes UI components, layouts, JavaScript tools and the
implementation framework. The software is available precompiled or
as source code.
Bootstrap is more than efficient to create a responsive and mobile first
website but it is not the best in the industry. There is an alternative of
Bootstrap named W3.CSS which is smaller, faster, and easier to use.
//bootstrap//
4.1.6 AdminLTE
AdminLTE is a popular open source WebApp template for
admin dashboards and control panels. It is a responsive HTML
template that is based on the CSS framework Bootstrap 3. It utilizes
all of the Bootstrap components in its design and re-styles many
commonly used plugins to create a consistent design that can be used
as a user interface for backend applications. AdminLTE is based on a
modular design, which allows it to be easily customized and built
upon. This documentation will guide you through installing the
template and exploring the various components that are bundled with
the template.

//adminlte template’s some code for example//
4.2 Back – End
4.2.1 PHP(version 8.0.2):
PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared
toward web development. It was originally created by Danish-
Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in
1995.The PHP reference implementation is now produced by The
PHP Group. PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home
Page, but it now stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext

Preprocessor.PHP code is usually processed on a web server by a
PHP interpreter implemented as a module, a daemon or as a Common
Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. On a web server, the result of
the interpreted and executed PHP code – which may be any type of
data, such as generated HTML or binary image data – would form the
whole or part of an HTTP response. Various web template systems,
web content management systems, and web frameworks exist which
can be employed to orchestrate or facilitate the generation of that
response. Additionally, PHP can be used for many programming tasks
outside the web context, such as standalone graphical
applications and robotic drone control. PHP code can also be directly
executed from the command line.
//portal code for the example purpose here only(not full code is shown
here//

4.2.2 MySQL Database:
MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database
management system, is developed, distributed, and supported by
Oracle Corporation.
 MySQL is a database management system.
A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything
from a simple shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast
amounts of information in a corporate network. To add, access,
and process data stored in a computer database, you need a
database management system such as MySQL Server. Since
computers are very good at handling large amounts of data,
database management systems play a central role in computing, as
standalone utilities, or as parts of other applications.
 MySQL databases are relational.
A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than
putting all the data in one big storeroom. The database structures
are organized into physical files optimized for speed. The logical
model, with objects such as databases, tables, views, rows, and
columns, offers a flexible programming environment. You set up
rules governing the relationships between different data fields,
such as one-to-one, one-to-many, unique, required or optional,
and “pointers” between different tables. The database enforces
these rules, so that with a well-designed database, your
application never sees inconsistent, duplicate, orphan, out-of-date,
or missing data.
The SQL part of “MySQL” stands for “Structured Query
Language”. SQL is the most common standardized language used
to access databases. Depending on your programming
environment, you might enter SQL directly (for example, to
generate reports), embed SQL statements into code written in
another language, or use a language-specific API that hides the
SQL syntax.
 MySQL software is Open Source.
Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and
modify the software. Anybody can download the MySQL
software from the Internet and use it without paying anythingThe

MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, scalable, and
easy to use.
If that is what you are looking for, you should give it a try.
MySQL Server can run comfortably on a desktop or laptop,
alongside your other applications, web servers, and so on,
requiring little or no attention.
MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large
databases much faster than existing solutions and has been
successfully used in highly demanding production environments
for several years.
 MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.
The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that
consists of a multithreaded SQL server that supports different
back ends, several different client programs and libraries,
administrative tools, and a wide range of application
programming interfaces (APIs).
4.2.3 MySQLi OOP :
The mysqli extension features a dual interface. It supports
the procedural and object-oriented programming paradigm.
Users migrating from the old mysql extension may prefer the
procedural interface. The procedural interface is similar to that of the
old mysql extension. In many cases, the function names differ only by
prefix. Some mysqli functions take a connection handle as their first
argument, whereas matching functions in the old mysql interface take
it as an optional last argument.
4.2.4 Xampp :
What is XAMPP?
XAMPP stands for X-operating system, Apache, Mysql, Php, Perl.
XAMPP is the most popular PHP development environment XAMPP
is a completely free, easy to install Apache distribution containing

MariaDB, PHP, and Perl. The XAMPP open source package has been
set up to be incredibly easy to install and to use.
//This is how the xampp looks//

5.Chapter-5 System requirements
5.1 Requirements:
● Functional Requirements:
1. The system must provide clear information about Admission
policy.
2. The system must provide clear and fully detailed information about
university colleges.
colleges’ programs.
colleges’ majors.
5. The system should clarify information about the permitted
secondary school branch for each major.
6. The system should clarify the minimum GPA in high school for
each major.
7. The system should clarify the duration of study for each major.
8. The system should clarify the parallel study policy for each major.
9. The system should provide the graduation plans for each major.
10. The system should provide information about placement tests.
11. The system should provide information about first installment
costs for each major and the credit hour price.
● Non-Functional :
1. The system shall handle multiple users inputs, If two or more
students are chatting with the bot, none of the students has to wait too
long to be answered by the system.
2. The bot should have a delay in response, to let the student feel like
he/she is talking to a human instead of a bot. A little late response
from the chatbot makes the student feel as though he is talking to a
human.

3. The system should have the appropriate data set. The correct data
set is the basis for the chatbot, when the data set is correct and tuned,
the chatbot will be trained on it to give the best possible result.
4. The system should have Data Training. Data training mainly
depends on the content targeted at Admission and Registration
deanship.
5. The system should prevent abusive language.
6. The system should be used on localhost/chatbot website.
//user case diagram//

5.2 system requirements
 The system needs the user to visit the chatbot application.
 The user can only ask the relevant questions to the objective of
the chatbot.
 The admin must check the unanswered questions so that in next
session those question’s will be feed into the system for the
end users queries.
5.3 hardware requirements
 Basic hardware requirements needed.
6.Chapter-6 System demonstration
6.1 Admin panel:
Snapshots and and UI description:
● Login: This page is the first page to be shown when accessing the
site.
// Admin login panel//

● Dashboard: This page will be the first thing that appears to the
admin when he logs into the site correctly.
//Description: only the admin can visit these admin panel.//
// Dashboard screen//
● setting:where the admin can perform changes like changing the
avatar ,changing the name of the bot ,remove a pre-existing data, or
modify pre-existing data and various other activities he can do after
logging in.

// setting feature for the admin only//
● Response list: Here all the responses which are going to be shown
to the as a result of there query are stored and user have the access to
perform actions over them as changing the answer or even the
questions.

//only the admin can access and modify the data here//
●unanswered list: the admin can see the unanswered questions of the
end user and can feed them into the database only if(personal choice
whether he wants to keep them or not if not then the admin can delete
the unanswered questions too) for the future queries of the end user .
//unanswered queries of the end users//

 My account: this is the of the admin’s my account in whichthe
admin can change the user name ,name,password,avatar.
//For admin user only//
5.2. Chatbot application
Snap shot and description
 Chatbot portal: where the user can chat with the bot and get the
answers of his queries regarding the chatbot or university.
//end users place (non admin)//

Demonstration of few questions how the questions should be asked by
the end user.
//Question- what area you//
//Question what is chatbot//

//this message will be shown to the user when the question doesn’t
matches the database questions//

Chapter 6: Testing
6.1. Testing criteria:
6.1.1. Chatbots testing criterias:
you can do to get the bot to be tested is to write test stories.
Testing your model on test stories is the best way to be confident in
how your assistant will behave in certain situations. Test stories,
written in a modified story format, allow you to present complete
conversations and test that, given certain user input, your model will
behave expectedly. This is especially important when you start
to present more complex stories than user conversations. Test stories
are similar to the stories in your training data but include the user's
message as well.
Conversation flow: in this criteria, the following things should be
checked while testing:
● Does a chatbot clearly understand the questions?
● Does it always give instant responses to these questions?
● Are the answers relevant to the given questions?
● Should a user ask a series of questions until he gets the answer?
● Does a chatbot engage the user to continue the conversation?
Confusion handling: “Confusion may arise if a user enters some
expression with double meaning or an unknown word for a chatbot.
The latter should be taught to answer in such a situation. The tester’s
goal is to check if the chatbot can handle misunderstandings,
exceptional conversational scenarios, and unusual patterns.
6.1.2. The classic criteria in the software test. By testing the software
at and around critical points, and what it accepts and what it does not
accept. The software is also presented to a group of people to be
tested and examined based on interactions and data with humans.

6.2 testing the chatbot web application
Testing is a process of executing a program with the indent of
finding an error. Testing is a crucial element of software quality
assurance and presents ultimate review of specification, design and
coding.
System Testing is an important phase. Testing represents an
interesting anomaly for the software. Thus a series of testing are
performed for the proposed system before the system is ready for user
acceptance testing.
A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an as
undiscovered error. A successful test is one that uncovers an as
undiscovered error.
Testing Objectives:
1. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of
finding an error
2. A good test case is one that has a probability of finding an as yet
undiscovered error
3. A successful test is one that uncovers an undiscovered error
Testing Principles:
· All tests should be traceable to end user requirements
· Tests should be planned long before testing begins

· Testing should begin on a small scale and progress towards testing
in large
· Exhaustive testing is not possible
· To be most effective testing should be conducted by a independent
third party
The primary objective for test case design is to derive a set of tests
that has the highest livelihood for uncovering defects in software. To
accomplish this objective two different categories of test case design
techniques are used. They are
White box testing.
Black box testing.
White-box testing:
White box testing focus on the program control structure. Test cases
are derived to ensure that all statements in the program have been
executed at least once during testing and that all logical conditions
have been executed.
Block-box testing:
Black box testing is designed to validate functional requirements
without regard to the internal workings of a program. Black box
testing mainly focuses on the information domain of the software,
deriving test cases by partitioning input and output in a manner that
provides through test coverage. Incorrect and missing functions,
interface errors, errors in data structures, error in functional logic are
the errors falling in this category.
Testing strategies:
A strategy for software testing must accommodate low-level tests that
are necessary to verify that all small source code segment has been
correctly implemented as well as high-level tests that validate major
system functions against customer requirements.

Testing fundamentals:
Testing is a process of executing program with the intent of finding
error. A good test case is one that has high probability of finding an
undiscovered error. If testing is conducted successfully it uncovers the
errors in the software. Testing cannot show the absence of defects, it
can only show that software defects present.
Testing Information flow:
Information flow for testing flows the pattern. Two class of input
provided to test the process. The software configuration includes a
software requirements specification, a design specification and source
code.
Test configuration includes test plan and test cases and test tools.
Tests are conducted and all the results are evaluated. That is test
results are compared with expected results. When erroneous data are
uncovered, an error is implied and debugging commences.
Unit testing:
Unit testing is essential for the verification of the code produced
during the coding phase and hence the goal is to test the internal logic
of the modules. Using the detailed design description as a guide,
important paths are tested to uncover errors with in the boundary of
the modules. These tests were carried out during the programming
stage itself. All units of ViennaSQL were successfully tested.
Integration testing :
Integration testing focuses on unit tested modules and build the
program structure that is dictated by the design phase.

System testing:
System testing tests the integration of each module in the system. It
also tests to find discrepancies between the system and it’s original
objective, current specification and system documentation. The
primary concern is the compatibility of individual modules. Entire
system is working properly or not will be tested here, and specified
path ODBC connection will correct or not, and giving output or not
are tested here these verifications and validations are done by giving
input values to the system and by comparing with expected output.
Top-down testing implementing here.
Acceptance Testing:
This testing is done to verify the readiness of the system for the
implementation. Acceptance testing begins when the system is
complete. Its purpose is to provide the end user with the confidence
that the system is ready for use. It involves planning and execution of
functional tests, performance tests and stress tests in order to
demonstrate that the implemented system satisfies its requirements.
Tools to special importance during acceptance testing include:
Test coverage Analyzer – records the control paths followed for each
test case.
Timing Analyzer – also called a profiler, reports the time spent in
various regions of the code are areas to concentrate on to improve
system performance.
Coding standards – static analyzers and standard checkers are used
to inspect code for deviations from standards and guidelines.
Test Cases:
Test cases are derived to ensure that all statements in the program
have been executed at least once during testing and that all logical
conditions have been executed.

Using White-Box testing methods, the software engineer can drive
test cases that
· Guarantee that logical decisions on their true and false sides.
· Exercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides.
· Execute all loops at their boundaries and with in their operational
bounds.
· Exercise internal data structure to assure their validity.
The test case specification for system testing has to be submitted for
review before system testing commences.
chapter-7
7.1 Software Development Life Cycle:
Methodology Development model used:
The sequential phases in Waterfall model are –
Requirement Gathering and analysis − All possible requirements of
the system to be developed are captured in this phase and documented
in a requirement specification document.

System Design − The requirement specifications from first phase
are studied in this phase and the system design is prepared. This
system design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements
and helps in defining the overall system architecture.
Implementation − With inputs from the system design, the system
is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated
in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its
functionality, which is referred to as Unit Testing.
Integration and Testing − All the units developed in the
implementation phase are integrated into a system after testing of
each unit. Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults
and failures(done above).
Deployment of system − Once the functional and non-functional
testing is done; the product is deployed in the customer environment
or released into the market.
Maintenance − There are some issues which come up in the client
environment. To fix those issues, patches are released. Also to
enhance the product some better versions are released. Maintenance is
done to deliver these changes in the customer environment.
Chapter-8
8.1Future enhancement : The project scope may be expanded to
include all corners of the university details , including faculties and
deanships of registration and follow-up of all matters that the student
is interested in during their academic life.and various other queries of
the end user The ability to communicate using voice messages.
It is possible to modify and increase the efficiency of the bot to the
fullest extent if the time factor and the human factor are available.
Unfortunately, we were not able to deliver the bot to the maximum
extent that we drew and expected due to the circumstances that befell
us.

In our futher versions we’ll try to make it an smart AI bot or an
Hybrid chatbot system which can answer almost all the queries of the
end user by implementing framework and by using thealternative
platforms to create an good chatbot system with maximum efficiency.
Chapter-9
9.1 conclusions
This bot was built to respond to the end user’s query regarding
curiosity of asking the query .this chatbot is also programmed to
answer the other queries to related to the chat bot and the other thing
and university related basic queries to ease the student to get the
information and to get to know about the university details.
Challenges: I faced many challenges, and the biggest challenge during
the work like Dealing with the framework is one of the biggest
challenges,because it is not that widespread. And also the challenge
of learning the necessary Php,bootstrap,javascript,html,css, language,
to complete the construction of this bot. problems related to slow
internet and power outages during work. I have also mentiond the
challenge faced, so I divided the work into two parts, part for the
admin panel and a part to follow up on the work on the bot.
Interesting decisions:
1- The idea of the project itself was very interesting. I considered
this project and set it as a challenge to my abilities and
ourselves. To be based on learning to use and implement
programs using a non-renowned framework for a project that is
the most important in a university student's career.
2- The idea of this project to be made will help the end users to get
the answers of their query ,and queires regarding the university
details .
3- While developing this learnt more about the cahtbot and their
developments.

Chapter-10
10. Refrences:
1. "Chatbots - Artificial Solutions." Chatbots | Conversational AI
Platform for Enterprise - Teneo. Accessed 8 Nov. 2020.
2. "How Do Bots and Chatbots Work."
https://www.cxtoday.com/contact-centre/how-do-bots-and-chatbots-
work/

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