Cut Carbon Symposium: Place-based Decarbonisation
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Professor Greg Marsden presented on place-based transport decarbonization. He discussed how different places have different functions, transport systems, built environments, populations, and cultures, which leads to huge variations in factors like car carbon emissions between areas. His research aims to understand these differences and identify different pathways, speeds, and costs to reduce surface transport emissions by 2030, 2040, and 2050. The DecarboN8 project addresses these challenges through four research themes, pilot projects, policy briefings, events, and proposals for major demonstrations to decarbonize transport in different local contexts.
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Cut Carbon Symposium: Place-based Decarbonisation
- 1. Professor Greg Marsden Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds Place-based Transport Decarbonisation
- 3. Key Element #1: Different functions
- 4. Key Element #2: Different transport systems
- 5. Key Element #3: Different built environments Terraced houses: 51% on-street parking Half of these “inadequate” Up to 45% of private rented accommodation in some areas
- 6. Key Element #4: Different populations and cultures Bradford – 25% Asian/Asian British Wakefield – 2% Asian/Asian British South Lakeland 24% U25, 28% 65+ Newcastle Upon Tyne 39% U25, 14% 65+
- 7. Our Work: Understanding difference Within each classification there is huge variation (car kg CO2/capita) e.g. Countryside Living – 588 Scarborough, 917 Hambleton e.g. Services and Industrial Legacy – 461 South Tyneseide, 720 Rossendale
- 8. Our Work: Understanding difference
- 9. Our work: Different pathways, speeds and costs 2020 20402030 2050 Surface Transport Emissions
- 10. How does DecarboN8 work to address these challenges? • 4 research themes • Funding pump priming work (10 projects to date) • E-cargo bikes, Neighbourhood Plans, Hydrogen Waterways • See our Expo Booth for some 1 minute explainers • Visit https://decarbon8.org.uk/decarbon8-research-projects/ • Working with partners to develop policy briefings • Hosting webinars and events – e.g. around TDP • Building major trial and demonstration propositions
- 11. Thank You E-Mail: decarbon8@leeds.ac.uk g.r.Marsden@its.leeds.ac.uk Twitter: @N8Decarbo Web: Decarbon8.org.uk
Hinweis der Redaktion
- I am Professor Greg Marsden. I am speaking today in my capacity as Director of the DecarboN8 network. This is funded by the UK research councils energy programme and is focussed on tackling place-based descarbonisation.
- Place-based decarbonisation is a recognition that, whilst the decarbonisation of transport has to happen everywhere, it is enacted in places. The single emission reduction trajectory lines that you see in the “Setting the challenge” document comprise the sum of what happens in these different places. The options and the ways in which policies land will vary across areas and so we need to design place and distinctiveness in from the start
- The first key element of a place-based approach is to think about the diversity of places and why they have the travel demands they do. For example here we have the service sector labour market of the middle of Leeds, the highly tourist dependent front at sunny Scarborough and the vast distribution sheds off the M62 in Wakefield. From ports to national parks, from University cities to former mining towns, the demand for travel can be really diverse, as can the balance between people and freight, residents and visitors.
- Decarbonisation has been a big issue for 30 years (well, for some) but our transport networks and patterns of moving around have developed over much longer time periods. In cities there is typically a good radial public transport system but major gaps in the periphery and for lateral movements. Some places have invested in an embedded a cycling infrastructure and culture, others for reasons of geography, climate or antipathy have not. Over a quarter of the population of South Cambridgeshire cycle once a week. Less than 5% of the population of Wellingborough does. The options for travel look very different between places. This is something that can be changed.
- When we think about place we do not just mean “local authority” but we need to understand the character of what people and communities take to be places. The pictures on the left show different cuts of urban Leeds. Some parts of Leeds have 30% terraced housing, others as little as 10%. Data suggests that only 51% of houses have on-street parking and in half of these it is inadequate. The images on the right show the current very clumsy approach to introducing electrification in such areas. Some areas will be better suited as places for some kinds of solution – electrification everywhere would be possible – but would it be desirable or good value compared with, say, reducing car ownership. Another side to built form is agency – In Leeds up to 45% of accommodation is in the private rented sector – with limited rights for tenants to amend buildings. Schemes which households can apply for do not land evenly across the population.
- Key element #4 is recognising the diversity in the population in places and what will appeal or work where. We know, for example, that non-white communities are only half as likely to cycle as white communities. What difference does an ethnic mix of 25% Asian/Asian British which we see in Bradford make to activities, modes and cultures of travel compared with Wakefield – where that % is just 2. Similarly, who are e-scooters for and smart autonomous fleets. The needs of travellers at the younger and older end of the spectrum are really different. Urban centres are 40% U25 but 14% 65+ - this is quite different in other places where it is over a quarter over 65 and rising.
- A key strand of our work then is about understanding difference. This slide shows one cut on this. It looks at districts across the Transport for the North sub-national body. It divides the districts into their ONS area classification – from countryside living through services and industrial legacy to Business, Education and Heritage Centres such as York or Chester. Average emissions from household cars, based on the mileage for vehicles housed in those districts shows countryside living districts on average to have 70% higher per capita CO2 than Business, Education and heritage However, the variation within categories is also really significant with for example, Rossendale being 1.6x that of South Tyneside
- We have also been looking at change over time. This chart shows the percentage change in per capita road traffic emissions on the Y axis and the percentage change in total road traffic emissions on the X axis. This is over the period 2009-2018. The easy interpretation is Red Box are places that got worse overall and per capita and the yellow box is places that got better overall and per capita. So whilst overall there has been no significant reduction this masks some important differences. This is new data and there are projects in a parallel UKRI project looking to understand how much of this is by design and by chance and how can we accelerate. The best performing are at 2% reductions per annum and the climate science is pointing more towards reductions of 10% per annum.
- And so we will turn to understanding how all this fits together, working with Transport for the North and our regional partners to try and create a research-practice ecosystem to further progress. Through work with the Local Government Association we have found a really mixed picture of planning. Very few authorities with trajectories for progress. Those that have imagine quite different mixes of measures which would mean decarbonising at different paces. It will also mean allocating funds differently across authorities to make the total ambition in line with the national or sub-national requirements.
- You have just seen some of the work from one of our themes – on carbon targets. You will hear from two more shortly. Professor Monika Buscher will introduce the Societal Readiness Theme and Dr Danielle Densley-Tingley will talk about our whole life emissions work which will look at integrated decision-making in a corridor. We also have a fuels and energy theme which we wont touch on today as there have been lots of other sessions on that. We are funding projects, where possible with local partners connected to the place-based theme… We have created seven action oriented policy briefings for the Local Government Association which launched last week on topics such as setting carbon targets, buses and carbon, climate smart parking… We have a network of 750 members and we have hosted webinars on shared mobility and place-based decarbonisation with DfT colleagues to help in the development of the TDP. It is a great network to tap in to if you have ideas to float. Finally we hope to work towards building major trial and demonstration propositions to make the North one of the best places globally to come and demonstrate low carbon transport success stories.