Molecular biology

1. The central dogma of
genetic information
Daniel Madrid Gómez
Third Semester
Molecular Biology

4. DNA RNA PROTEINS
- Replication: Process of duplication of DNA
- Transcription: Synthesis of RNA by the mold of DNA
- Splicing: Post-transcriptional process were some árts of
the RNA secuence are eliminated, implicates the RNA
maduration.
- Traduction: Synthesis of proteins by the RNAm molds

5. Cancer-Causing Enzyme Acts
during DNA Replication
Indiana University, February 2,
2016

6. They have identified a genetic mechanism with the
ability of leading to mutations that can lead to cáncer.
Their E. Coli sudy found out that the enzyme
APOBEC3G, a trigger for mutations can turn benign
tumor cells to transformm into cancerous
malignances. These changes are done during the
DNA replication.

7. This study got support from the Wayne State
School Of Medicine, that provided expertise on
APOBEC3G, The experiments were all done at
Indiana University
"Many tumors accumulate mutations during their
growth, which lead to the subsequent
characteristics that permit metastasis," said
Patricia Foster, Ph.D., principal investigator.

8. These results can be really important for
personalized medicine. Due to the possibility of
identifying tumors with vulnerability to the
enzyme. Finding the ways to supress the
expression of this enzyme could be the way to
get the treatment.

9. Cancer-Causing Enzyme Acts during DNA
Replication
Student’s Observation:
Nowadays is really important to know the
different mechanisms that happen to grow up a
cáncer, so personally i can say that there should
be more studies about this topic, to know and
then develop a treatment to those different
mechanisms, that way we could stop cáncer
even before the DNA replication.

10. Researchers tease apart a pathway certain
cancer cells use to replicate
Boston University Medical Center, January 28,
2016

11. Researchers identified that the replication stress
response protein SMARCAL1 is a key to the ALT
pathway (Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres
pathway) which is an ability that cancer cells use to
mantain their telomere lenght.

12. This study was done by researchers from Boston University School
Of Medicine
"Our study suggests that ALT telomeres experience chronic
replication stress (a type of DNA damage that is not highly
prevalent at 'normal' telomeres) and therefore, rely on SMARCAL1
to resolve this replication stress and maintain telomere stability. In
the absence of SMARCAL1, the accumulation of replication stress at
ALT telomeres leads to the formation of DNA double strand breaks
and consequently, drives massive genomic instability," explained
corresponding author Rachel Flynn, PhD

13. It has been described that the ALT pathway is
active especially in aggressive cancer, incluiding
osteosarcoma, glioblastoma and some pancreatic
tumors, often resistant to standard
chemotherapeutic strategies.

14. Researchers tease apart a pathway certain
cancer cells use to replicate
Student’s observation
Student’s observation: I can tell is really surprising
how scientist have even determined the direct
mechanism that cáncer cells use to replicate. This
way there’s the clue to reach a way to stop the
cáncer cell replication and then go for the best
treatment available.

15. Medical Utility

16. The central dogma of the genetic information
is an important topic, and a target for the
medical utilities, specially in diseases like
cancer, where there’s an uncontrolled cell
proliferation

17. Knowing the different mechanisms of the central
dogma is essential for arrest and detain mutations
and cáncer cells triggers, by recognizing the different
enzymes and molecules implicated in diverse
diseases.

18. Both of these articles show us how there are
various mechanisms implicated in cancer, related
to the central dogma. However the research
made cannot stay there, is essential to do more
investigations to find targets and arrest their
carcinogenic function

19. Bibliography
- Digravio, G. (28 de January de 2016). Medicalxpress.
Obtenido de http://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-01-pathway-cancer-
cells-replicate.html
- genengnews. (2 de February de 2016).
Obtenido de http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/cancer-
causing-enzyme-acts-during-dna-replication/81252312/
- Martínez, L. (2015). Biología molecular séptima edición. En L.
Martínez, Biología Molecular (págs. 74-85). Medellín: UPB.