GIS - using GIS to manage and analyze a landfill
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Using GIS to Manage and Analyze a Landfill - by Mike Michels, Vice President, Aaron Weier, GIS Director GIS technology is essentially smart, computerized mapping that overlays a great deal of data on maps, providing a detailed, three-dimensional look at the geography of a landfill — “A place to put everything in one spot — you go to a map, click around, and find that information a lot more quickly.” Those three-dimensional maps also give managers clues where to place wells to monitor landfill water and gas flows, and where to drill to draw off landfill gas to burn for energy generation. Converting monitoring data to meaningful, clear maps with GIS helps landfill managers make better decisions faster. This presentation was originally presented by Cornerstone's Executive Vice President (Mike Michels) at the 25th annual Solid Waste Technical Conference at Michigan State University.
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GIS - using GIS to manage and analyze a landfill
- 1. Building lifetime relationships with our clients and employees. Using GIS to Manage and Analyze a Landfill Mike Michels, Vice President Aaron Weier, GIS Director March 6, 2015
- 2. Overview • GIS to Manage Data • GIS to Analyze Leachate and Temperature in LFG Wells • GIS to Analyze Gas Flow in LFG Wells • GIS for Environmental Compliance • GIS in the Field © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 3. Building lifetime relationships with our clients and employees. GIS to Manage Data March 6, 2015
- 4. Finding Your Boring Log is Easy © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 5. Differentiating Active and Inactive Wells © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 6. Compare Ground Surface to Top of Well from Boring Log © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 7. Where are the Horizontals Gas Collectors in Relation to Verticals? 2D: Appears to be some overlap © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved. 3D: Reveals depths and no overlap
- 8. Where is the Asbestos Buried? Can we Drill LFG Wells Above Them? © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 9. Building lifetime relationships with our clients and employees. GIS to Analyze Leachate and Temperature in LFG Wells March 6, 2015
- 10. Where is Leachate Blocking Gas Flow? © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 11. © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved. Alternate Option
- 12. 2D and 3D Leachate Levels © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 13. 4th Dimension - Leachate Levels Over Time Hover on image and click play. © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 14. Temperatures in LFG Wells © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 15. Building lifetime relationships with our clients and employees. GIS to Analyze Gas Flow in LFG Wells March 6, 2015
- 16. 2D Gas Flow © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 17. 3D Gas Flow © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 18. 2D & 3D Gas Flow with Methane Colors © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 19. Building lifetime relationships with our clients and employees. GIS for Environmental Compliance March 6, 2015
- 20. Using GIS to Analyze Surface Emissions © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved. Surface Emission Monitoring Points Interpolated surface showing potential hot spots across landfill. Seeing hot spots across the landfill will help identify potential sources of odor, lack of soil cover, and areas for new wells
- 21. When Was LFG Well 23 Last Inspected? © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 22. How Many Wells Have Not Been Inspected Since DD/MM/YYYY? © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 23. What Wells Have Oxygen Exceedances? © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 24. Building lifetime relationships with our clients and employees. GIS in the Field March 6, 2015
- 25. 2004 © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 26. 2012 © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 27. Smart Phones/Tablets in the Wellfield © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 28. Building lifetime relationships with our clients and employees. How Can GIS Deliver More LFG to Energy ? March 6, 2015
- 29. Recent Trends © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved29 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 #ofStartups Year LFG to Energy - Startups Per Year Direct Electricity HBTU
- 30. LFG to Electricity – Prime Movers © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 31. Recent Trends - Electricity © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.31 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 #ofStartupsandMWCapacity Year LFG to Electricity Trends Annual Capacity Installed # of Projects Started Up
- 32. Medium BTU LFG to Energy © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 33. Recent Trends – Medium BTU © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.33 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 #ofStartupsandMMCF/dayCapacity Year LFG to Low BTU Trends Annual Capacity Installed # of Projects Started Up
- 34. High BTU LFG to Energy © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 35. Recent Trends – High BTU © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 #ofStartupsandMMCF/dayCapacity Year LFG to High BTU Trends Annual Capacity Installed # of Projects Started Up
- 36. HBTU to CNG Example Revenue • RCNG or RLNG • Sell RNG for 65% of the cost at the Chicago Pump = $1.82/GGE or $14/MMBTU + • Collect RIN’s for $1.50/GGE or $17/MMBTU • Results in $31/MMBTU • LCFS –California • Sell for $4/MMBTU • Clean Truck & Bus Program – CA
- 37. GIS and LFGTE © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
- 38. Thanks for watching! If you’re interested in learning more about GIS and Cornerstone’s other services, please visit our website at www.CornerstoneEG.com. © 2014 Cornerstone. All rights reserved.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Old Dogs – New Tricks
- What is GIS? Data on maps Who manages data in a spreadsheet? Who managed data with a database? Who is a visual learner? Today, we’ll look at ways to use GIS to Manage and Analyze the following types of Landfill operational issues…
- By attaching documents to the assets in the database, the documents can be quickly retrieved via the asset on the map, using either “Identify” tool or “Pop-up” (shown). In this slide, the boring log is an image file. Any number of file types can be attached, including video. To find a location via the data, instead of the map as previously shown, a query or filter can be applied to the table to select the well of interest. When selected, the well will be highlighted (light blue on left image). Use the “Pop Up” tool (as shown in right image and on previous slide) can again be used to see the data and the attachments(s) for the features.
- Visually representing data in a spatial context, is the obvious advantage of using GIS. In this slide, using the values from a field called “IS_ACTIVE” allows for easy and quick visual identification of active v. decommissioned wells. As you’ll continue to see, the power of GIS is it’s ability to use data from a database, see it’s spatial relationship to other features, classify it’s data in meaningful ways, and analyze what’s going on using the data from the database as well as it’s spatial location.
- “Add Surface Information” is a tool that captures surface information, from any TIN or raster surface, at each well location and adds that surface elevation to the data table. This elevation data can then be used to model the well locations in 3D, used in other depth calculations, etc.
- In 2D, the map reader needs to interpret the map with other documents (well schedule including depths), or a lot of labels that, when placed on a map, can quickly make the map difficult to read. In either case, the map reader needs to interpret the data themselves. In 3D, the viewer can manipulate any axis of the model and see the assets from any perspective, which allows for a better understanding of the site, locations of assets, as well as execute analysis in 3D.
- Plotting all the special waste containers, at their reported elevations, allows for depth analysis that can assist in identifying where wells may need to be placed. Seeing depth of special waste can assist in making better informed decisions about drilling in a certain area, especially if the special waste is deep enough and won’t be encountered during drilling.
- Based on lengths of casing and reported liquid levels, percentage of blocked screen can be calculated in the table, queried, and highlighted on a map. In this slide, wells with no blue have no liquid reported. Blue rings indicate liquid in well, yellow dots indicate wells with blockage >= 50%.
- A different option is to color all the wells with liquid based on their respective percentage. So, instead of finding all wells that meet a certain criteria. The map viewer will be able to see blocked % of all wells at the same time to identify any larger scale liquid issues.
- 2D image: Visualizing all the wells that have some level of liquid in them is a simple task and provides an easy to understand view of some clustering across the entire site. 3D image: provide better detail, and perhaps better decision making, seeing depth of liquid in the wells.
- Time is also a valuable dimension to map. The software understands time and is able to iterate through time based data. In the slide above, liquid levels over the last several months are displayed only during the time window in which they exist. This allows for time and space analysis that adds yet another level of detail and understanding of a site. Are issues happening in a certain place at a certain time of day? Are the trends seasonal? Hover over image, hover over play icon, click when play icon turns yellow.
- Any quantifiable data captured, and stored in the table, can be classified and visualized on the map. In this example, well temperature is displayed with it’s own class breakdown for visual analysis. Furthermore, as shown in the previous slide, this data can be time enabled to see temperature over time.
- radius is proportional to flow, helps to visualize flow for each well, and quickly visualize areas of high flow vs low flow.
- Looking at gas flow in 3D provides a better perspective of depth, and can potentially help identify not only where to drill, but also how deep.
- Data collected in the field can be entered into a data table for viewing on the map. The data can be visualized to better understand what’s happening at each well. In this example, methane is classified by color, gas flow is correlated to the radius of the circle(2D) and cylinder (3D). In 2D it’s easy to see flow and gas concentration. In 3D, depths add another level of detail and understanding.
- Using data points from surface emissions monitoring (upper left) as input into a surface interpolation tool creates a predictive surface across the entire wellfield. While there are many different types of interpolation methods, the core concept is that the input points are spatially correlated and that points closer to each other are more similar than points farther away. Therefore, taking a concentration value from the SEM readings, and developing a predictive surface, provides an output that allows the analyst to see hot spots (red) across the entire wellfield and further analyze for odor, lack of soil cover, and / or installation of new wells.
- As long as the table supports dates of inspections, this information can also be filtered in the table, sorted, and seen in the “Pop Up”.
- Querying for a date in the table will select all the wells that meet the date criteria. Shown are all the wells not inspected since 11/22/2013. The data from this table can be exported to a paper report for someone to use as a task list. This data can also be sent to a mobile data collection device to not only help a technician find the wells that need to be inspected but also to use as a data collection device. Mobile data collection (more info to come) can be implemented to increase efficiency in operations.
- Viewing oxygen data, and classifying it against it’s exceedance threshold, provides a quick visual of wells that exceed oxygen %, as well as those approaching the exceedance value.
- Since the data captured in the field is sent back to the system in near real time, the efficiencies gained are tremendous. Several steps in the traditional “hand-written” or “download to excel” workflows can be eliminated.
- Source for all Current Trends is EPA LMOP August 2014 update Electricity projects peaked at 58 startups in 2010 but now only 16 in 2014. Direct projects (ie: Medium BTU) includes leachate evaps, boilers, etc… have been under 10 projects since 2010 and only 1 expected in 2014. High BTU (NG PL injection and CNG/LNG fuel) have always been a small player but increasing since 2011. Lets look at each of these beneficial uses in more detail on the following slides
- Solar Turbine Cat Engine
- Why less LFG to Electricity projects since 2010? Utility RPS getting filled up = less $ in new PPA’s Air Emission Limitations Section 45 Placed in Service Dates and Start of Construction definition
- Asphalt Plant Leachate Evaporator
- Medium BTU also referred to as direct use includes boiler fuel, leachate evaporators, greenhouses, etccc. They typically require a pipelines that connects the LFG to the end user. Challenges that this types of project face are: Pipelines are getting longer – all the short PL’s have been developed. $$$$ The current price of natural gas is very low and typically is the competitor of LFG
- Michigan HBTU Plant cleaning LFG and injecting into natural gas pipeline for later use as CNG fuel. Michigan BioCNG system cleaning LFG and direct fueling vehicles
- HBTU projects are the recent bright side to this industry. HBTU includes cleaning the LFG to inject into natural gas pipelines and/or into vehicles for fuel. Despite low nat gas prices in recent years….. This category of projects is growing in # and capacity since 2011 when 3 projects were started-up to 7 projects starting up in 2014.
- RFS2 pathways amendment as of August 18, 2014 results in LFG as D3 cellulosic food waste gas as D5 advanced The Advanced Biofuel (D-5) RIN is currently trading at $0.52= $0.77/ GGE The Cellulosic Biofuel (D-3) RIN is in addition to D-5. For R-CNG, D-3 may be equal to D-5 for a total potential value of >$1.50/DGE RIN expire in 2022
- Remember power plants can’t operate without fuel. GIS is a great tool to use for finding more LFG so your Power Plant can operate at its peak efficiency