2. PREOPRATIVE PHASE – begins with
the decision to perform surgery and ends
with the client’s transfer to the operating
room.

3. INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE – begins
when the client is received in the
operating room and ends with his
administration to the post anesthesia
care unit

4. POST OPERATIVE PHASE – begins
when the client is admitted to the post
anesthesia care unit and extend through
follow up home or clinic evaluation

5. OPTIONAL SURGERY – done totally
at the client’s discretion
 EXAMPLE: Cosmetic surgery

6. ELECTIVE SURGERY – refers to
procedures that are scheduled at the
client’s convenience
 EXAMPLE: Cyst Removal. Repair of Scars,
Simple Hernia, and Vaginal Repair

7. REQUIRED SURGERY – warranted
for conditions necessitating intervention
within the few weeks.
 EXAMPLE: Cataract Surgery, Thyroid
Disorders

8. URGENT/IMPERATIVE SURGERY –
indicated for a problem requiring
intervention within 24 to 48 hours
 EXAMPLE: Acute Gallbladder Infection,
Appendicitis, Kidney Stones

9. EMERGENCY SURGERY – describes
procedures that must be done
immediately to sustain life or maintain
function
 EXAMPLE: Repair of a Ruptured
Aneurysm, Gunshot or Knife Wound,
Extensive Burns, Fractured Skull

10.  GENERAL ANESTHESIA – inhaled or IV refers
to drug induced depression of the
central nervous system that produces
analgesia, amnesia, and
unconsciousness. Affects the whole body
 STAGE I: beginning
 STAGE II: excitement
 STAGE III: surgical anesthesia
 STAGE IV: danger

11.  REGIONAL ANESTHESIA – form of local
anesthesia that suspends sensation and
motion in a body region or part; the
client remains awake. Continuous
monitoring is required. Differs in terms of
location and size of the anatomic area
anesthetisized and the volume and type
of anesthetic agent used.

12.  SPINAL ANESTHESIA – local anesthesia
injected into the subarachnoid space at
the lumbar level to block nerves and
suspend sensation and motion to the
lower extremities, perineum, and lower
abdomen.

13.  CONDUCTION BLOCKS – sensation and
motion within various groups of nerves,
such as epidural block (dura mater),
brachial plexus block (arm),
paravertebral block (chest, abdominal
wall, and extremities) and
transsacral/caudal block (perineum)