AR/VR Opinions on the State of the Industry

AR/VR
Monday, Feb. 27th
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San Francisco
Wednesday, May 31st
to Friday, June 2nd
Santa Clara Convention Center
The largest Augmented Reality
and Virtual Reality event of any
kind, in the world.
Christopher Grayson
will be speaking.
Augmented World ExpoPrivate Launch Party
Request an invite
VR / AR Style
Where VR went wrong,
why this matters to AR
and how to set it right.
Optically transparent
displays
Smartglasses
general purpose
AR interface
Other notable
developments
Consumer face recognition
& Mesh-networks
Events
CONCLUSIONS
Contents:
Opinions on The
State of the industry
by < chris@chrisgrayson.com >

2
Where VR went wrong,
why this matters to AR
and how to set it right.

3
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Where VR content went off course
Consumer Stereoscopic
(class of 2011)
For CES 2011, stereoscopic cameras were a thing. Many were introduced but now no longer available.
The trend peaked prematurely. The problem in 2011 was that there were no good 3D content consumption
devices, VR headsets were still a few years away. You could take stereoscopic 3D images and videos, but
there were very few ways to view them. The personal viewers that existed were little more than glorified
Victorian era stereoscopes.
Oculus Rift
ships to the consumer

4
2011
Oculus DK1
ships
Oculus
Kickstarter
Oculus Rift
ships to the consumer
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Oculus & The 2nd coming of VR
Oculus launched their Kickstarter in 2012, by the time they came to market in
2016, there were many other pretenders joining the fray.
The focus shifted to gaming where 360° content is the norm. With the gaming
industry in the driver’s seat, and with 360° the standard approach, it was
taken as a given that 360° was best for all things (and even treated as more
important than depth).
Stereoscopic cameras were off the market just before headsets arrived.

5
Then the consumer market was flooded with 360º
cameras, most of them ball shaped. This category was a
huge distraction.
A good test for gadget success in the mass consumer
market is, “How will a smartphone eat this?”
In the short run, new gadgets come along as standalone
devices. They typically achieve mass market success if
they are “pocketable,” and if so, they are only viable up
until they are absorbed into the smartphone. Phone?
Music Player? Digital Assistant/Day Planner? Camera?
All now merely features or apps on our smartphones.
Ball shaped 360º cameras are neither pocketable nor a
form factor easily absorbed into a smartphone … and
most do not even capture in stereoscopic, so the “VR”
experience is an inside-the-cylinder effect.
On 360° Cinema
“It’s nonsense,
you are looking forward, and
sometimes left and right,
but not behind you.
It’s really a waste of pixels.”
—Greg Madison
UX, Unity
source: Fast Companyx x
What is 360°
video good for?
• Real Estate
• Entertainment events:
• Sports
• Music
… but not for either
cinematic or UGC
3D video content.
Consumer 360° (The Dead end)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

6
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
…and why it matters to AR (to go forward, take one step back)
“Camera-Through” AR The stereoscopic camera in a phone was the right direction, but the lenses need to
be placed at the proper pupillary-distance, aprox. 60mm, to match human scale.
To go forward, AR needs to take one step back. This turns any phone-based
VR headset into an AR headset via camera-through, just as AR was performed in
pre-2011 AR & VR headsets.
With the size of the iPhone’s hardware market, if Apple adopted this approach, it
would both flood the market with UGC VR content, as well as create a transitional
stage from smartphone to AR smartglasses.
Vuzix camera-through AR
Camera-through attachments shown on
NVIS & Sensics VR headsets in years past.
Vintage examples:
Who will show leadership?

7
Had the industry not lost focus and taken
a distracting detour with 360° cameras,
stereoscopic camera smartphones could have been both
a boon for UGC VR content, as well as
the basis for camera-through AR.
If a player steps up to shows some leadership, this can still happen.
Apple should have done it with the introduction of the iPhone 7. I’ve lost
confidence that Apple is going to show industry leadership. Given the
introduction of both the Surface Studio and HoloLens, I’m most inclined to view
Microsoft as the innovation leader among large tech companies today. As a Mac
user since the 80s, I don’t say that casually and would love to be proven wrong.
I write with unwavering conviction: If just one major handset maker stepped up
and introduced a smartphone with a stereoscopic camera*, capable of
UGC VR video and camera-through AR, it would do more to propel both
the VR & AR industries forward than another dozen me-too headsets, or
anything happening in the AR smartglasses space.
Course correction
Notable
it has to happen at scale, so it has to be from a major handset maker — a startup simply cannot do it —in fact, Apple or Samsung may be the only two players
with enough market share to impact the market — though in their absence, another handset maker could make a big splash in the market by moving fast.
*
Lucid is principally a VR video
editing software company.
CEO Han Jin says they
introduced their stereoscopic
camera, LucidCam, because
there were no good
consumer stereoscopic
cameras on the market.
LucidCam is a reference
model. Han also agrees with
Greg Madison of Unity, and
this author, that 360º video is,
in most cases, a distraction.

8
Occipital’s volumetric mapping
tech is similar to that which
Microsoft uses in Kinect, or the
Apple acquired Prime Sense.
The Occipital Bridge headset
combines their Structure Sensor
and some impressive software,
creating a camera-through inside-
out mapping AR experience.
The Structure
Sensor is also
available stand-
alone for iOS.
The hand gesture tracking of
Leap Motion, as demonstrated
for VR, also has cross-over
application in AR.
Notable
Notable
Don’t let the Perfect
be the Enemyof The Good.
I receive a lot of industry resistance to my advocacy
of stereoscopy in smartphone cameras. It comes in
the form of two arguments, both almost entirely from
those in the gaming space:
• Those who say 180º stereoscopic capture for UGC
is not VR, to be VR is must be 360º capture and
anything less should not be tolerated.
• Those who say only six-degrees of freedom of
movement through volumetric space is VR and
anything less should not be tolerated.
To both I say:
Sony sold 9.7M PS4’s in the holiday quarter of 20161
.
In the same quarter Apple sold 78.3M iPhones2
and the total Android market sold 350.2M3
.
To The Detractors
Sources:
Sony Corporation’s final calendar quarter is their Q3 fiscal quarter, hence quarters are reported here as holiday 2016 quarter.
Apple reported their Q4 2016 iPhone sales.
iDC Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker, Feb. 1 2017
1
2
3

9Volumetric broadcast is the holy grail.
There are use cases where 360° is acceptable. There
are use cases where 180° is preferable. There are use
cases where directed stereoscopic works best …
…but broadcasting volumetrically captured content is
coming. Everyone in the industry knows it is the metric
against which all other VR content will measured.
Between startups, gaming, industrial products in the
engineering and medical field, and motion capture in
special effects — there are too many hardware players in
the space to mention here.
The software companies to watch are those that can
take the point cloud data from capture devices, convert
it to polygons of acceptable resolution for display, and
compress them enough to push through a pipe … and
eventually do all of this on the fly so that the content can
be streamed at an acceptable frame rate.
SimplygonVolumetric
Don’t let the Perfect
be the Enemyof The Good.
Yes, of course, volumetric
Notable
Notable
8i is currently leading the industry
in volumetric capture. They’ve
just raised a $27M series B led by
Time Warner Investments. They’re
the hottest thing in volumetric
capture at this time. I expect their
main competition to come from
the Hollywood special effects
industry. It should be no surprise
that they’re based in LA.
Cappasity is a small startup out
of Russia that relocated to Silicon
Valley. Recently pivoting from
game avatars to focus on the
apparel industry and the multi-
billion-dollar problem of online-fit.
They are an intel partner, but their
software works with other capture
hardware as well.
Microsoft just keeps winning.
They recently acquired Simplygon,
maker of compression software
that substantially reduces the
polygon count of 3D models.
When content is volumetrically
scanned, it is first a point
cloud model that must then be
converted into polygons — facets
that comprise an object’s surface.
A complex shape can comprise
millions of polygons, fine for
special effects post production,
but far too large to stream.

10
Optically transparent
displays

11
Waveguides
Hardware is hard. Near-eye optics are very hard. Waveguides are harder still.
Going from an engineering concept to a functional prototype is exceptionally
difficult. Taking that IP from prototype to a scalable, manufacturable product is
much more difficult than filing patents and issuing press releases (It’s clearly
more difficult than raising money).
Today, there are only three companies that matter in waveguides.
Why? Because there are only three who have shown they can go all the way to manufacturing.
Nokia
But what about …
Lumus DigiLens
Nokia’s surface relief waveguides are
used by Microsoft in their HoloLens
device. Their IP is also licensed by
Vuzix who raised money from Intel
to build a manufacturing plant in
New York for their M3000. Nokia has
not only shown that they can scale
to manufacturing, but their Vuzix
deal shows that their manufacturing
process itself can be replicated.
The physics of their surface relief
design hits a wall at about 30° FOV.
Lumus’ design is the simplest of the
waveguides on the market. They have
none-the-less shown this design can
be mass produced and are providing
waveguides to both Daqri and Atheer.
Lumus has shown they can do more
than technology, they can do business:
they’ve worked with Optivent, Meta and
collaborated with Himax.
Lumus recently closed $45M in
additional funding from HTC, Quanta
and Shanda Group.
I’m also watching TruLife Optics and Akonia Holographics to see if they can take their designs to manufacturing. My skepticism of Magic Leap
does not stem from their recent PR problems, but from their ability to take their ambitious designs to manufacture (or even to prototype?).
Kayvan Mirza of Optivent recently wrote a Magic Leap Analysis that is recommended reading.
DigiLens has a much lower profile in the consumer
space than either Nokia or Lumus. They’ve principally
been a supplier / partner of Rockwell Collins in the
avionics space. In addition to their classified work for
the U.S. military, they’re the supplier to Rockwell Collins’
waveguide display systems for Embraer Legacy 450 &
500 cockpit displays. They have most recently entered
the consumer space with BMW’s smart helmet. They have
an aggressive road-map to increase FOV.
While Nokia and Lumus’ offerings are passive lenses,
DigiLens’ waveguides are active — a liquid crystal based
structure that is electrically switchable. They recently
closed $22M in additional funding from Sony / Foxconn.
I continue to be bullish on DigiLens.
Optical see-through displays

12
Waveguides
Addendum
Journey Technologies
In the course of writing this report, I was contacted
by the founder of Journey Technologies of Beijing.
She boasted that they have a design “like Lumus,”
with a 36° FOV and 1280x720 resolution.
She claims they can manufacture 500 units per
month, and can “easily” ramp up to 1000 per month
with their existing manufacturing facility.
She included a photo of their optical unit that
indeed resembled Lumus’ design.
The Chinese are masters of reverse engineering
and the Lumus design is very basic, making them
vulnerable to commoditization.

13
There are other near-eye-optic see-through display systems besides
waveguides. Meta is notable for their exceptionally wide, 90° FOV, the widest
on the market. It is a beautiful display. I compare the Meta 2 display to the
top-of-the-line graphic work station displays of the late 90s. Even as flat-panel
displays came onto the market in the early oughts, a nice CRT still had better
color and higher resolution, and a 21” Viewsonic was a larger screen than
anything available in an LCD … but clearly
the writing was on the wall.
To achieve Meta’s incredible field of view,
they project a panel onto a Pepper’s
ghost style combiner — a semi-reflective
transparent screen that allows the viewer
to see their environment through the
reflection.
These will ultimately become obsolete as
waveguides grow in FOV. Until then, the Meta 2 is excellent for UI development in AR.
One notable exception to the waveguide trend in low profile displays is ODG (Osterhout Design Group), whose R9 has a
magnified OLED micro-display projecting into an outward beam-splitter, onto a reflector/combiner, all in a slim (-ish) form
factor, featuring both a higher resolution, and a 50° FOV that rivals that of current waveguides. It is also worth mentioning
that they don’t suffer the display artifacts of current generation waveguides including halo/glow and rainbow-ing image
distortion. Just as with the inferior image quality of early generation flat-panels, these problems will be solved in time.*
META 2
ODG R9
You can read a good counter argument against waveguides at Karl Guttag’s blog, Magic Leap & Hololens: Waveguide Ego Trip?*
Others

14
Smartglasses
general purpose
AR interface

15
Waveguides +
Eye-Tracking
Depth Sensors
Computer vision
electroencephalogram (EEG)
Smartglasses
general purpose
AR interface

16Smartglasses: a general purpose AR interface
EYe-Tracking
Eye-Tracking alone can substantially improve image quality in AR & VR by enabling foveated rendering —
rendering in highest resolution only that portion of the display directly where the user is looking — putting less
burden on the GPU and allowing for higher frame rates.
Coupled with depth sensors and computer vision, things get much more interesting. If the device knows both where
the user is looking, and has an understanding of the environment (i.e.: knows what the user is looking at), we only
need to add intent (user command). It is in this context where I will make the case for Eye-Tracking + EEG.
Voice Command is Overrated
Voice as command interface is convenient
when in the privacy of one’s home, or in
an automobile. It looses its appeal when in
an office or any public environment.
in the car at home
Users of smartphone-based voice assistants who use them in the following locations
in public at the office
51% 39% 6% 1%
Where People Use Voice Assistants
Source: Business Insider / Creative Strategies Creative Commons cc BY-NDBased on a survey of 500 consumers in the United States
Waveguides + Eye-Tracking +
Sensors + Cv + EEG for A | B

17
International
Language
translation
Smartglasses: a general purpose AR interface
Voice is for
language translation
Sensors + Cv + EEG for A | B + Speaker + Microphone
Talk to anyone in any langue, and they hear
your translation in real time to any language.
Listen to anyone speaking any language,
and hear them in the language of your choice.
Voice Command is Overrated
Voice as command interface is convenient
when in the privacy of one’s home, or in
an automobile. It looses its appeal when in
an office or any public environment.
See Real-time Skype Translation
by Microsoft Research.

A B UI Analogy:
An A | B selection via EEG is
derivative of a two button mouse
and the user’s eyes as the cursor.
EEG AS Command
EEG still has a substantially slower
response time than that of a human finger
on a mouse. On the following page
Dr. Geoff Mackellar, CEO, Emotiv gives a
more nuance and cautious analysis.
“EEG based brain computer interface has
demonstrated its capability to control a
device such as controlling the fly of a model
helicopter. The EEG based binary input
device shall become available in the near
future depending on the market needs.”
—Dr. Bin He, University of Minnesota
Notables in the consumer EEG device space
include interXon (maker of Muse), Personal
Neuro (maker of Spark), and Emotiv (maker
of Epoc+, and Insight). All currently marketed as
wellness products, with various meditative features, Emotiv has
an SDK for third-party developers, some of whom are already
experimenting with using EEG for command.
NOTABLE:
Safilo’s SMITH brand of
eye-frames have partnered
with interXon to introduce
the Smith Lowdown Focus,
Mpowered by Muse. The
form factor is proven
possible, though the
functionality is, at this
time, still limited to Muse’s
meditation app.
Smith Lowdown Focus MUSE by interXon Personal Neuro
by Spark
Emotiv InsightEmotiv Epoc+

There are several issues in calculating latency for any response. The Sensory
Detection Time is the basic brain response time - typically around 210-260ms
depending on age, for an unfamiliar but expected task. This is the point at which
the brain has decided to act and starts to initiate the motor signal in response,
which takes around 100ms to execute. Sensory Detection time and the motor
delay are both reduced for highly trained tasks, so for example athletes and
very experienced gamers can reduce the overall reaction time to specific kinds
of events as a result of habituation.
Emotiv offers a direct mental command system based
on a user-trained set of reproducible mental patterns
which are related by a machine-learning classifier system as belonging to each
of the commands. In this case the classification is made at 250ms intervals,
based on analysis of the most recent second of data. Latency in this case
depends both on the computational side, with an expected delay of around
250ms, and the user’s ability to form the mental state, which depends on the
user’s experience level and ranges from 50ms to several seconds. These delays
occur end-on with the ordinary Sensory Detection Time, where the subject must
form the intention to act before starting the process.
Additional latencies much also be taken into account for EEG systems. Firstly,
the signal processing chain usually includes finite impulse response filters
to remove signal artefacts such as the 50/60Hz line hum present almost
everywhere. This is picked up from the electrical mains supply and contributes
very large artefacts into the data stream. Typical filter have an inherent latency
of 50-60 milliseconds. Computational effects also introduce latency, where
a series of calculations must be made and these are generally applied to a
retrospective signal, often in the range of 0.25-5 seconds.
In general, EEG-based is not fast enough to compete with direct motor signals
except in cases where the subject’s motor system is compromised.
— Dr. Geoff Mackellar, CEO, Emotiv
EEG AS Command
EEG still has a substantially slower
response time than that of a human finger
on a mouse. Dr. Geoff Mackellar,
CEO, Emotiv gives a more
nuanced and cautious analysis.
While EEG-based response may not
be fast enough to compete with motor
signals “in general,” it is still the opinion
of this author that the trade-offs in privacy
for voice command and social acceptance
for gestural interfaces will make EEG the
winning UI in most consumer user cases.
… with Caveat

20
Other things
worth mentioning

21
Worth mentioning exhibit A
Windows 10 vr PartnersProject Alloy
At this early stage, Microsoft and Intel should not
be considered late to the metaverse.
SOMETHING TO PROVE
Intel lost out on the smartphone market to
ARM, and aims not to make that same mistake
again. Cutting deals with Google, Recon, Vuzix
and Luxottica, they’ve all but locked down the
processor market for AR smartglasses, and they
can be expected to go after the VR market just as
aggressively.
Microsoft has chosen to follow their previous
path of success in the desktop / laptop market by
extending Windows 10 into headsets, relying on
their hardware partners to flood the market with
low-cost VR headsets.
Microsoft and Intel are very much in the game.

22
Worth mentioning exhibit B
While included on the waveguides page, DigiLens
deserves closer examination — they have proven
they can not only make active waveguides, they
can mass produce them, and at a lower cost than
others can make passive lenses.
The Sleeping Unicorn
Starting in military industrial, DigiLens has
diversified into aviation with Rockwell Collins for
Embraer, then into motorcycle helmets with BMW,
and are now pursuing automotive partnerships.
Their technology is the market leader in
waveguides, yet until a recent investment from
Sony / Foxconn they had never even been
mentioned in TechCrunch.
Don’t Believe the hype
Let’s put DigiLens into context: MagicLeap has raised over a billion dollars with a $4.5B valuation, yet has not thus far been able
to demonstrate that they can make technology that DigiLens has already brought to manufacturing. There is a world of difference
between being able to do a once off in a lab environment vs scaling to manufacturing at a market-acceptable price.
Some will point out that MagicLeap’s secret sauce is adaptive focus. But if they cannot yet even manufacture active
waveguides, who will get to adaptive focus first?
Only a few companies have shown that they can even manufacture passive waveguides, and DigiLens alone has demonstrated that
they can manufacture active waveguides. TruLife Optics of the UK claims to have produced an active lens in a lab, yet the entirety
of their reassurance that they can take that to manufacturing is a single sentence on their website that reads, “TruLife Optics is
exploring manufacturing options and is confident that our optic will be available in quantity for companies and or individuals wishing
to incorporate them into their products.” Really? Prove it. … Akonia Holographics of Colorado spent a decade (unsuccessfully) trying
to developing holographic storage. While their team may possess some transferable expertise in holographic technology and they’re
worth watching, DigiLens has spent the same decade developing holographic wavesguides and succeeded.
My prediction: DigiLens is a sleeping unicorn and will likely exit via a bidding war that may include Apple, among others.
AGAIN

23
Worth mentioning exhibit c
goTenna entered the market via a crowd-
sourced campaign billed as a P2P antenna,
purportedly aimed at wilderness hikers — keep
in contact with your companion when outside of
the range of cell towers. They executed their
go-to market strategy brilliantly. Though their
antenna current works for text-messaging, they
are often referred to as the new “walkie-talkie.”
Jott, a messaging app, uses low energy
Bluetooth or a router that can reach
within 100 feet of each user, to create a
mesh-network among users to send P2P
messages. It is favored by many elementary
and Jr. high school kids, who typically have
less control of their own data plans.
While Jott’s user base is still relatively small, I predict that either
Jott, or an app like it could ride the same “privacy” wave that is
currently catapulting the use of Signal.
Mesh-networks are coming
goTenna is a mesh-network.
goTenna is not the new walkie-talkie.
When incorporated into
every connected device,
mesh-networks will disrupt
the global telecommunications industry
and upend the state surveillance apparatus.
If many are turning
to apps like Signal,
for their end-to-end
encryption, consider the
privacy advantages of
a P2P platform where
the internet itself is
bypassed all together.

24
Face recognition
Mesh-networks matter to ARWhy

25
The wrong way
to do face recognition
Doing it wrong
A database of face profiles
is stored in the cloud.
2010 2010
2011
The object of the observer’s gaze
is referenced against the cloud
database.
In the conventional framework,
the observed loses all agency
over their own identity.
In recent years, particularly in public spaces
in first-world high density urban environments,
and international points of public transit, being
surveilled by the state is the new normal.
However, there has up to now been an
unwritten social contract that, at least among
strangers, people imagine themselves to be
anonymous in the crowd. Discomfort arises
with the breaking of this social contract.
At Mobile World Congress in 2010 & 2011, multiple
smartphone based augmented reality, face recognition
mobile app, proof-of-concepts were demonstrated. None
were ever introduced to market.
In 2014 Google banned face recognition apps from the
Google Glass app store, citing privacy concerns.
In December 2016 Blippar announced their intention to introduce face recognition as a new feature
in their upcoming release of their iPhone app, more notably, it has been reported* that Blippar intends
to encourage users to contribute face-and-name pairs to their database, without seeking consent
from the individuals featured. Though the announcement was made over two months ago, no such
update has yet appeared in the iOS app store. It is my speculation that Apple has withheld approval.
ConsumerFaceRecognition
As reported in Newsweek.
*

26
The Right way
to do face recognition
In the proposed framework,
the observed retains agency
over their own identity.
As recently proposed at MIT Media Lab
The user maintains an
encrypted version of
their own face profile
locally on their
own device.
In my recent lecture
at MIT Media Lab,
I made my case for
face recognition
as the killer app
for consumer
augmented reality.
Via a local area
mesh network, users
who run the app can
then set preferences
as to who they
share their key with.
Individual observers,
or groups
can be blocked.
The cloud is often overrated,
but I digress.
No Database
Instead
The Case for
Consumer Face Recognition
in Augmented Reality
by Christopher Grayson
MIT Media Lab, AR in Action.

27
Given Dunbar’s research, and given that the business model of a social
network follows a variation of Metcalfe’s Law — Linkedin’s business
would greatly benefit from face recognition enhanced personal network
management. Add to this, Microsoft’s own industry leadership in AR,
(including Face API), Microsoft is the candidate best positioned to take
the lead on this implementation.
I have agitated for advocated for this consumer face recognition
framework to the Linkedin UI/UX leadership, as well as members of
Microsoft’s AR team.
The case for consumer face recognition is not to identify strangers
that you don’t know, but to identify and be recognized by
the people whom you do know.
Two use cases for consumer face recognition —
one medical and one modern:
Medical: For treating Alzheimer’s and other aphasia inducing
expressive language deficits.
Cognitive Enhancement: The work of anthropologist and
evolutionary psychologist, Robin Dunbar suggest that the evolution
of human tribal relationships has placed cognitive limits our ability
to associate names to about 1500 faces, yet it is now becoming
common to manage social networks of substantially larger numbers.
The case for consumer
face recognition
150 1500
Why microsoft’s Linkedin Acquisition
Also Matters to ar
Dunbar’s
Number:
Approximate number
of people that the
typical person can
maintain meaningful
relationships.
Approximate number of names that
the typical person can associate
with a face: includes friends, family,
and all notable contemporary and
historical figures.
One of Dunbar’s non-eponymous
numbers:

29
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31
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32
Conclusions
While the media treats VR as the new gaming console,
I see both VR and AR as globally transformative
technologies — something as big as the invention
of the telephone, on par with the invention of the
internet itself — VR and AR are the technologies
the internet has been waiting for.
Virtual Reality, the ability to place two or more people
from anywhere in the world into the same virtual space
— potentially infinite in size, with a sense of presence —
will sweep away national borders, challenge the
global political landscape, and possibly even change
the way we think of humanity itself.
This report has been a collection of observations,
ideas, and opinions, loosely connected by the
common theme of virtual and augmented reality.
If you like what I’ve had to say, I’d like to hear from you,
and see how we can change the world together.
For custom Reports By
Christopher grayson
COntact
Jay Shiel
+1 212-984-8500
jshiel@glgroup.com
Entrepreneur
Creative Director
Futurist
Represented by
Christopher Grayson
< chris@chrisgrayson.com >

33
All product names, logos, and brands are property of their respective owners.
Christopher Grayson BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5
This report is available for download at:
by < chris@chrisgrayson.com >

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