The topic of discussion is the Biological classification system, different systems and Kingdom Monera in detail. Difference between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria and about Cyanobacteria. Their general characteristics and the features of the Kingdom Monera are discussed in general

1. CHAPTER-2

9.  It included prokaryotes and exhibit the following
characters
1. Lack nuclear membranes
2. Devoid of plastids, mitochondria
3. Typically unicellular organisms
4. Prominent mode of nutrition is absorptive but
some exhibit photosynthetic or chemosynthetic
mode.
5. Reproduction is asexual by fisson or budding.
6. They are either non-motile, or move by simple
flagella or by gliding.
7. They have a rigid cell wall.

10.  Autotrophs : able to prepare their own food
 Photoautotrophs : They prepare their food by
reducing CO2 using light energy.
 Chemoautotorphs : They form their food by energy
derived from chemical reactions.
 Heterotrophs : some live in symbiosis others as
Saprophytes.

12.  They exhibit the following characters :
1. They are found at most harsh habitats link :
1. Halophiles (Extreme salty areas)
2. Thermo-acidophiles (Hot springs)
3. Methanogens (Marshy areas)
1. Cell membrane is constituted by branched chain
lipids.
2. Methanogens are found in guts of many
ruminant animals cows & buffaloes. They
produce methane.
3. Halophiles are able to live in high salt
concentration because their intercellular salt
concentration in equally high.

16.  Anton an Leeuwenhoek discovered the bacteria in
pond water.
 Important characters include
 They are prokaryotic.
 Flagella is made up of single strand
 Well organized nucleus, Golgi body, mitochondria are
absent in the cells of bacteria.
 They are unicellular
 Cell wall is made up of Murein or peptidoglycan.
 Heterotrophic due to absence of chlorophyll. Some
are photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic due to
the presence of bacteriochlorophyll.
 Mode of reproduction is binary fission.

21.  Cyanobacteria are Gram negative or photosynthetic.
 They are unicellular, colonial, filamentous or
heterotrichous.
 Cell wall possesses an outer sheath which is jelly like,
slimy and mucilaginous.
 Cell contents divided into two regions
 Outer Chromatoplasm having photosynthetic pigments
 Inner colourless Centroplasm
 Cell wall is two layered
 Inner wall is made up of peptidoglycan or mucopeptides
 They lack mitochondria, true vacuoles and endoplasmic
reticulum.
 Membrane bound chloroplast are absen, lamellae or
thylakoids are distribute in the peripheral cytoplasm.
 True nucleus is absent.
 Sexual reproduction is absent.
 Gas vacuoles are present to regulate the buoyancy.
 Photosynthetic pigments found are chlorophyll a, carotene,
xanthophyll, blue phycocyanin and red phycoerythrin.