pharmacology, antibiotics

1. ANTIBIOTICS
•
SREE DATTHA INSTITUE OF PHARMACY
Sheriguda , Ibrahimpatnam , Telangana- 5010510
Presented by
MD Afreed
16U21R0034
• B.Pharmacy IV Year
• Under the guidance of
Miss S SOUJANYA

2. COTENTS
• Introduction
• Classification
• MOA
• ANTIBIOTICS
• PENCILLIN
• TETRACYCLINE

3. ANTIBIOTICS
 Antibiotic is a naturally occurring, semi synthetic type of agent that
destroys or inhibits growth of micro-organisms.
 Substance (such as penicillin) that destroys or inhibits the growth of
other pathogenic microorganisms and is used in treatment of external or
internal infections.
 While some antibiotics are produced by microorganisms , most are now
manufactured synthetically.
 Substances derived from a micro oragnism or produced synthetically , that
destroys or limits the growth of a living organism.

4. CLASSIFICATION
Antibiotics are classified in many ways based on:
 Chemical structure
 Mechanism of action
 Spectrum of activity
 Type of action
According to antimicrobial activity
 Bactericidal
 Bacteriostatic
According to bacterial spectrum of activity
 Narrow spectrum
 Broad spectrum
According to absorbability from the site of administration
 Locally acting
 Systematic

5. PENICILLIN-INTRODUCTION
Penicillin is a group of antibiotics that are commonly used to treat
different types of gram positive and gram negative bacterial
infections.
In their structure, beta-lactam ring is located due to this reason
these drugs are also called as beta-lactam antibiotics.
Penicillin is derived from the Penicillium mould.
Penicillin is derived from the Penicillium mould.

6. STRUCTURE

7. PENICILLIN USES
 Skin and soft tissues infections
 Diphtheria
 Tetanus
 Urinary Tract Infection
 Dental infections

8. HISTORY
Penicillin, the world’s first antibiotic, was
discovered by British scientist Alexander
Fleming in 1928 on accident.
The FUN was called Penicillium notatum.
The isolated compound he called Penicillin.
Fleming noted a fungus growing on his
bacterial plated had killed off the surrounding
bacteria.

9. CLASSIFICATION

10. TETRACYCLINE
• The development of the tetracycline antibiotics was the result
of a systemic screening of soil specimens collected from many
parts of the world for antibiotic-producing microorganisms.
• The first of these compounds chlortetracycline was introduced
by Benjamin Duggar in 1948 followed by oxy tetracycline and
tetracycline in 1950 and 1952 respectively.

11. ORIGIN
• The first members of the tetracycline group, chlortetracycline
was produced by Streptomyces aureofaciens and
oxytetracycline by S. Rimosus.
• In the following years, other naturally occurring tetracycline
molecules were discovered.
e.g. Demethylchlortetracycline from S.aureofaciens and
tetracycline from S. viridofaciens.

12. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
• The basic tetracycline structure consists of four benzene rings
with various constituents on each ring.
• Tetracyclines differing from each other chemically only by
substituent variation at positions 5,6 and 7.
• Retention of the configuration of the asymmetric centres C-4,
C-4a and C-12a is essential, whereas the configurations at C-5,
C-5a and C-6 may be altered:

13. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
OH O
OH
H H
OH
OH
O
OH
CONH2
N(CH3)2
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
9
10 11 12

14. TETRACYCLINE'S USES
 Antibacterial Resistance
 Non-Antibacterial resistnce like inflamaation
 Urinary tract infections
 Skin and soft tissue infctions

15. THANK YOU