1. Colombian Seaport Maritime Industry
• Colombian seaports zones
• Seaports structure
• Steps of construction and expansion of seaport infrastructure
• Climate change risks in the Colombian seaport sector
2. Colombian seaports zones
Colombia have eleven (11) seaport
zones in the Pacific ocean and the
Caribbean sea.
CARIBBEAN SEA PORT
ZONE
NUMBER OF
SEAPORTS
1. Barranquilla 11
2. Cartagena 20
3. Cienaga 3
4. Santa Marta 3
5. Golfo de Morrosquillo 3
6. San Andres 1
7. La Guajira 2
8. Turbo 1
9. Magdalena 3
Total 47
PACIFIC SEA
PORT ZONE
NUMBER OF
SEAPORTS
1. Buenaventaura 6
2. Tomaco 2
Total 8
US$ 708 million of investment in
seaport expansion (2015 – 2017)
for postpanamax ships
The investment in Seaport
infrastructure in Colombia in the
period of 2010 – 2016 has been in the
order of US$ 2200 millions.
Cargo mobilized in 2015 in Colombia:
198.636.101 ton
Three (3) new seaports in operation
on (2016 – 2017) with an investment
of US$ 500 millions
Caribbean Sea
Pacific Ocean
3. Bulk Coal
Containers
General Cargo
Liquid Bulk
Bulk Cargo
Bulk Coal
Containers
General Cargo
Liquid Bulk
Bulk Cargo
Bulk Coal
Containers
General Cargo
Liquid Bulk
Bulk Cargo
Bulk Coal
Containers
General Cargo
Liquid Bulk
Bulk Cargo
COLOMBIAN MAIN SEAPORT ZONES - CARGO
4. LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN
80% of the
operational
process are
paperwork
The 20%
remining are
cargo
movement
process
5. SEAPORT VALUE CHAIN
The following figure is the flowchart that
shows the relation between process,
activities, and actors within the seaport
chain value.
6. SEAPORT VALUE CHAIN
The activities in blue are
the most susceptible of
climate chance and can
slow, delay or put in risk all
the cargo operational
process.
8. • Policy maker’s actors
• Institutional actors
• Direct actor
• Cargo inspections actors
SEAPORTS ACTORS TYPES
ACTORS IN THE SEAPORT CHAIN VALUE
9. BRPM SEAPORT OPERATION
For the BRPM seaport
opertation, we generated Three
types of climate risk analisys
matrix.
• Maritime Operations
• Terminal Operations
• Hinterland Operations
MARITIME OPERATION
10. SEAPORTS CONSTRUCTION AND EXPANSION STEPS
The basic steps of contemporary seaport
design according with the national legislation
and environmental requirements, are focused
in six (6) basic components (in green) that
interact in each process along the seaport
construction and operation. Each of the six
components are concepts that will apply
towards to a more efficient operational
resources management and sustainability,
especially in seaport construction and
terminal construction expansion.
12. BRPM SEAPORT CONSTRUCTION AN EXPANSION
The seaport construction
and expansion BRPM, is
based on the climate risk
table technical project
characteristics
TECHNICAL PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS
13. SEAPORTS CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS AND ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES
Changes in sedimentation processes, draft / bathymetry, Dredging, erosion at the coastline
Seaport facilities damage (including corrosion / oxidation)
Accidents (land and sea) in port operations
Port operations delays (days without port operation)
Increase in maintenance and repair costs for port facilities
Increased insurance costs and re-insurance of ports, ships, facilities, equipment and port
operations in vulnerable areas
CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS
16. SEAPORT ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK
PORT ADAPTATION AND SEA LEVEL RISE
There are three major adaptation solutions (hard engineering options): elevate, defend, or retreat (Aerts
et al., 2014; Cheong, 2011; Kates et al., 2012).
Elevating a port typically entails filling the port lands to raise them above the floodplain, reconstructing facilities
at the new elevation, and designing a system to accommodate the difference in heights between the water level and
the port infrastructure.
Defending a port entails construction of a coastal
protection solution, such as a caisson breakwater,
often with floodgates or locks to allow for the passage
of ships. In areas where adjacent land is not available
for development, seaports can expand by filling in
submerged land to a sufficient elevation that will also
protect existing infrastructure.
Retreat will likely be the option of last resort because
adjacent hinterland areas are typically not vacant or
available for relocation.
17. SEAPORT ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK
PORT ADAPTATION AND COASTAL EROSION
The soft adaptation solutions (soft engineering options) try to take advantage of the resources of nature
to achieve the stabilization of the coastal erosion process.
Artificial reefs structures absorb energy of the wave and the tide, thus providing a coastal defense.
Beach drainage decrease the movement of sediments avoiding accumulation of sea water
Cliffts drainage this technique is sought to slow down the mass
movements and decrease their backwardness
Conservation and planting of mangroves and vegetation:
their roots will absorb the energy of the waves and avoid
sediments movements
18. SEAPORT ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK
SEAPORT TERMINAL AND FACILITIES
Heavy duty defenses to minimize damage to docks from ship collisions
Electric mooring hooks to avoid human risk
19. SEAPORT ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK
The system aims to
improve the capacity of
observation, diagnosis,
analysis, knowledge
and prediction of
climatic variability in
different scales
associated with ocean-
atmosphere-earth
interaction processes
in order to use the
information in the
improvement of safety
(human life at sea) and
decision-making
related to maritime
activities.
