The term "Intellectual Revolution" is used to refer to Greek speculation about the "nature" in the period before Socrates (roughly 600 to 400 BCE). Hence, the alternative, technical terms are "pre-Socratic" "non-theological" or "first philosophy".

1. Intellectual Revolutions
that Defined Society

2. Scientific Revolution
1. Science as an idea. It includes ideas, theories, and all
available systematic explanations and observations
about the natural and physical world
2. Science as an intellectual activity. It encompasses a
systematic and practical study of the natural and
physical world.

3. Scientific Revolution
4. Science as a body of knowledge. It is a subject or a
discipline, a field of study, or a body of knowledge that
deals with the process of learning about the natural and
physical world.
5. Science as a personal and social activity. This
explains that science is both knowledge and activities done
by human beings to develop better understanding of the
world around them.

4. Scientific revolution was the period of
enlightenment when the developments in
the fields of mathematics, physics,
astronomy, biology, and chemistry
transformed the views of society about
nature.

5. Some Intellectuals and
their Revolutionary Ideas

6. Nicolaus
Copernicus
His ideas were an
example of what is
presently called as
thought experiment.
Copernicus’ idea and
model of the universe
was essentially complete
in 1510. Photo credit: Wikipedia

7. Charles Darwin
• Famous for his theory of
evolution. He published
his book The Origin of
Species in 1589. His
book presented evidence
on how species evolved
over time and presented
traits and adaptation that
differentiate species.
Photo Credit:
https://www.biography.com/scientist/charles-
darwin

8. Sigmund Freud
• Famous figure in the
field of Psychology. He
made a significant
contribution in the
scientific world through
the development of
psychoanalysis. Credits:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sigm
und_Freud_1926.jpg

9. Who’s who in the Civil
Rights Movement
This is an example

10. CRADLES OF EARLY
SCIENCE

11. Development of Science in Mesoamerica
Inca Civilization:
1. Roads paved with stones
2. Stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes and other disasters
3. Irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crops to
grow in all types of land
4. Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and
prepare them for planting season
5. The first suspension bridge
6. Quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts
can interpret
7. Inca textiles

12. Development of Science in Asia
India
• Known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical
works
• Famous in medicine
• Notable in the field of astronomy
• Known for their mathematics

13. Development of Science in Asia
China
• known for traditional medicine
• known to develop many tools
• made significant records in supernovas, lunar and
solar eclipses, and comets, which were carefully
recorded and preserved

14. Development of Science in Asia
Middle East Countries
• development of the scientific method in the
Muslim world
• number system
• had an important role in the foundation of modern
chemistry
• pioneered the science of experimental medicine
• first to conduct clinical trials

15. Development of Science in Africa
• Africans used three types of calendars: lunar,
solar, and stellar, or a combination of the three.
• Metallurgy was also known in African regions
• Mathematics was also known to be prominent in
the life of early people in the African continent.

16. Thank you for listening!