3. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
ISO 50001
“A Catalyst for growt h”
Publication
2011
www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk 3
4. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
“This has truly been a
master stroke
for our organisation”
BS EN50001 Sep 2010
July 2011
www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk 4
5. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Success of BS EN50001 and Kite Mark
for Energy Reduction Verification.
6. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
2012 United Kingdom
Sales £23 million
160,000 ft² Production
Plant
210 employees £500,000
energy usage
6
7. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Manufacture Air Filters
www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk 7
9. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Challenges along the way
www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk 9
10. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Savings
2008 22%
2009 14%
2010 12%
2011 8%
11. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Impact on Stakeholders
HVN AWARDS 2011
Heating and Ventilating Industry
Awards
Air Conditioning Product of the
Year
Best Engineering Plant 2011
Cranfield University
www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk 11
12. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Impact on Stakeholders
Lancashire Business Environmental
Awards 2010
Carbon management for SMEs
MITIE Supplier Awards 2011
Overall Winner – Carbon Management
www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk 12
13. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Impact on Stakeholders
EMAP Energy Awards
Energy efficient product of
the Year 2011
Excellence in Carbon
Reduction SME
www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk 13
14. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk 14
19. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
IMPACT ON STAKEHOLDERS
www.lowenergyairfilter.co.uk 19
20. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Email: bill.wilkinson@camfil.co.uk
Twitter: @BillyWilks
LinkedIn: BillWilkinson
Email: kirstie@simplymarcomms.co.uk
Twitter: @KirstieColledge
LinkedIn: KirstieColledge
22. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Management Systems
Brian Haslam – SHEQES Manager
Safety
Health
Environmental
Quality
Energy
Sustainability
23. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Agenda
Energy Management Systems
Drivers
BS ISO 50001:2011
Benefits
24. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Drivers
Energy Management Systems
Energy Significant Aspect under ISO: 14001
Energy Shortages
Low Energy Air Filters
Practice What We Preach
Sustainable Leader in the Air filtration Industry
25. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
BS ISO 50001:2011
Energy Management Systems
set of interrelated or interacting elements to establish an energy policy and
energy objective and targets and processes and procedures to achieve those
objectives
26. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Planning Process
Energy Management Systems
27. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Planning Process
Energy Management Systems
Energy Review
Energy Consumption CO2 Equivalent
Electricity 810810 kWh 441081
Gas 935223 kWh 172081
Transport Fuel 277798 litre 741443
28. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Planning Process
Energy Management Systems
Energy Review
Meter Consumption % of Main
Main 810810 kWh 100%
Production areas 372980 kWh 46%
Domestic 437830 kWh 54%
29. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Planning Process
Energy Review
Domestic Use % of total
Space Heating 40%
Lighting 32%
IT Equipment 15%
Air Handling Units 7%
Other 6%
30. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Planning Process
Energy Review
Production Use % of total
HEPA 32%
Bag Cell 19%
Wire Welder 19%
Panel Cell 17%
Cutting Room 12%
31. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Base Line
quantitative reference(s) providing a basis for comparison
32. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Management Systems
Energy Performance Indicators
quantitative value or measure of energy performance, as defined by the organisation
Logistics transport efficiency
Domestic consumption efficiency
Production consumption efficiency
33. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Management Systems
Energy Management On-Going
Tools for effective energy management and improvement
Low hanging fruit
Metering plan
Efficiency monitoring
Deviation monitoring
Culture
34. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Management Systems
Energy Management On-Going
Pick low hanging fruit
Lighting, HVAC, Low Energy Air Filters, Space Heating, Compressed Air
35. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Management Systems
Energy Management On-Going
36. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Management Systems
Energy Management On-Going
Metering plan
37. Form No: I F200 Approved
C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S Met ering Plan
Date: 23/ 08/ 2010 I ssue: 3
Elect rical – Main Pr oduct ion Unit
38. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Management Systems
Energy Management On-Going
Efficiency monitoring
45. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Energy Management Systems
Energy Management On-Going
Winner of BFA Best
Engineering Plant 2011
Culture
46. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Benefits
Energy Management Systems
Saving Money
Sustainability
Demonstrate commitment to energy reduction
Its fun
47. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Saving Money
Energy Management Systems
Logistics Fuel
Consumption
35% reduction
over 4 years
80,000 litres
£112,000
48. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Saving Money
Energy Management Systems
Electrical
Consumption
35% reduction
over 5 years
380,000 kWh
£34,200
51. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Welcome to the Camfil Farr Training Academy The
CCamfil Farr Group
Clean well-conditioned air in buildings
delivered with minimum use of energy
This is the challenge for the new generation
of Building Services engineers
PPT template
65. C L E A N A I R S O L U T I O N S
Land Securities own and manage 29 million ft2 of
Commercial property.
Camfil were asked by Neil Pennell Engineering Director of
Land Securities to evaluate the cost saving and energy
saving benefits of installing Low Energy Air Filters.
Hello Bill Wilkinson Here today as a guest Been with BSI since 1990 old days of BS5750 Laterly 9001 14001 16001-50001 and December we embark on 18001 And a new one called BS11000 Collaboration sharing resource My task today is to demonstrate why we Chose to take the EN50001 and ERV route Describe what the task in terms of size and complication How that aligns to our business ethos culture and stakeholders Indicate the challenges we faced along the way The natural recognition achieved by being a role model for a worldwide institution and Super Brand that is BSI And How we took this Success to market PR Social Media TV IoD Speaking recognition
CAMFIL FARR “PRACTICE WHAT WE PREACH Camfil Farr is a global manufacturer of air filtration systems and associated services BS EN 50001 and BSI ERV Kitemark Proof of energy reductions Based on BS EN 50001 All organisations of any size Developed specifically with CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme in mind Aligns to other BSI management systems Identifies and Manages Opportunities for Continuous Energy Savings
BS EN 50001 Energy Management Systems Energy Reduction Verification (ERV) Kitemark Getting Your organisation to stop wasting money Getting Your company into the habit Getting You to be Role models
This is our facility in the UK opened in 2007 (big expansion) new building still inefficient Have saved over 40% nearly 50% in energy consumption over 3 years that is every year . (New building) So plenty of scope for older one’s £500,000 on energy start of 2008. Light Industrial Building, Processes Gas Electricity Fuel Waste etc.. Compressed Air , Ovens , Production machinery AC and a Clean Room.
HVAC accounts for up to 70% of a buildings energy costs Air Filters are an integral part of HVAC energy consumption We believe that we can save property owners up to 500 million GBP in UK by changing from existing installed air filters to low energy air filters (R E H V A estimate 5 Terra Wh in EU) This generally means no capital budgets and costs recovered in months within maintenance revenue budgets
Here is a simplistic view of a ventilation system, so we can better understand the rest of the presentation. We need to take external air and make it suitable for internal use (stable temp, humidity, remove pollutants etc.) All the components of the ventilation system work to prevent air movement (flow resistance) which we measure as pressure loss. Water will not flow up hill against gravity, you need a pump and the input of energy. The fan is the same, it requires the input of energy to drive the air through the ventilation system. This is where the energy cost arises from The flow resistance of most components is fairly stable through life, However the flow resistance of filters depends on their construction and varies through life, this is where the opportunity for energy and cost optimisation arises.
Need enthusiastic driver BRIAN HASLAM “ What gets measured get’s done “ Just Do Its Liberating Need a good business CULTURE Lean culture Value stream mapping Need totally committed management support Need enthusiastic driver Need to share the spoils (savings) Need a system (what’s where BSI come in EN 16001) Need a good business CULTURE Need totally committed management support Need enthusiastic driver Need to share the spoils (savings) Need a system (what’s where BSI come in EN 16001 and EN50001)
This represents accumulated £200,000 saving on base year of 2007 Year on Year Gas 35% Electricity 22% Logistics Fuel 29% Waste 20% 1000 tons of co2
Awarded in April this year Effectively the industry Oscars Cranfield University tough audit and process. The Edge was the proactive energy consumption reduction program and the Sustainability credentials
Local resource efficiency club Groundwork , en-works November of 2010 Very Nice BUT a real game changer was MITIE Supplier awards – I am assuming you all know MITIE Biggest FM in UK employ over 65000 people 7000+ suppliers We were invited to apply for the Supplier Awards done every Year at Vodafone HQ Newbury. And we beat off competition like Mitsubishi , ABB , Daikin and many blue chip organisations Again due to our proactive energy consumption reduction program and the Sustainability credentials
Then just as the Year was coming to a close the Energy Awards this was an event covering all business outside the UK In December in The Grange St Pauls banqueting suite, all the big shots there , Property Management Directors the lot. We’ll never win this , plenty of booze Energy Efficient Product of the Year And Excellence in Carbon Reduction SME. Anyway we did as you can tell from the next Picture its very difficult to look normal when you are 5’ 7” and two of your colleagues are over 6ft 5”
So how did we “max” out on this. Well we happen to have a FANTASTIC thought leading PR and Digital Marketing company working for us. SIMPLY MARCOMM , Kirstie is here to support me. Apart from our website we have a very active blog Promoting the key messages, our achievements, awards and 50001 through online PR Using our website, our blogs, portfolio of case studies, white papers and PR materials
WE Engagement through social media Twitter and LinkedIn really powerful tools engage the workforce improve the culture. Our PR messages are promoted through our blogs and shared across all of the major social networks
We use PR to build brand awareness and promote our achievements to the industry. Our messages are shared with stakeholders, industry influencers, customers and staff Using our website and blog, we educate our audience and share our messages across the social networks Results are astonishing!!! Page 1 SERP domination Leaf Energy Saving filter, AC Inspections , Air filter technology Statistics are amazing !!!!! LEAF 57000 visits , AC 14,000, IAQ 13,000 Twitter followers 700+ You Tube Views 5600 BSI ERV Kitemark Case Study Whitepaper Views - 1748 Slideshare downloads 13,000 Issuu 200 new Main Website monthly traffic now 3000 up 50% (over 2000 unique visitors every month) Then the company Sales up 15% ( LEAF PRODUCTS UP %) Profitability 26% Benefit at both ends of the P&L better sales margins and natural reduction in costs.
We have a strong presence in all the major social networks and we use these channels to engage with our customers We are the “go to” company for advice We have been invited to participate at event like BSI this one TV Business Channel , IoD “Making Excellence a Habit” , Sunday Mail , Daily Telegraph, Int Herald Tribune. Industry Compliance Bodies , CIBSE , BIFM, HVAC (now B&SE) , ISO, MEPs Training Orgs CPD courses webinars QUIDOS. WE HAVE CHANGED ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS OUR INDUSTRY We are Synonymous good Indoor Air Quality and Energy saving filters. We have moved the discussion from the Plant Room to the Board Room
BSI - Are not just compliance they ADD VALUE Catalyst we are now seen as industry leaders First Choice for Products and Services Leader Operational Leader Green and Sustainable Leader
We have a strong presence in all the major social networks and we use these channels to engage with our customers
Good afternoon, My name is Brian Haslam and I am responsible for running the management systems at Camfil Ltd This morning I am going to talk about how we manage our ISO 50001 system on an ongoing basis under the heading of “An Effective Energy Management System”. I hope you will find the presentation informative and there will be an opportunity to ask questions at the end of the presentation.
Under our ISO 14001 system we had already identified energy usage as a significant aspect and had been setting targets for reduction. As a light industry manufacturing company we do not have large chemical plants or heavy machinery. Being in a new build also serves to lessen our environmental impact. The opportunity for continual improvement in energy usage and waste reduction drove us down a particular route with the implementation of the CEASE campaign. Even with the savings we had made energy continued to be a significant aspect under ISO 14001 There is also the global issue of energy shortages that are going to be looming in the near future, we are rapidly running out of resources, old power stations are coming to or past the end of their life and little or no investment has been made to replace them. In short the lights are about to go out. HVAC accounts for up to 70% of a buildings energy costs. We believe that we can save property owners in the UK between 25% and 50% in energy consumption, up to £300 million, by changing from existing installed air filters to low energy air filters. This generally means no capital budgets and costs recovered in months within maintenance revenue budgets. With our Low Energy Air Filters we have the opportunity to create energy saving for our customers with reductions that far out weigh any contribution Camfil can make internally. We have been pushing out the message on Low Energy Air Filters, albeit in different guises, for a number of years. To overcome any miss-giving's our customers may have about vested interests we looked at steps that would support our arguments. We decided that we could not very well ask our customers to commit to energy saving products unless we where doing so ourselves. So the need to be able to “practice what we preach” arose. It is a stated aim of the Camfil Farr group is to be recognised as a sustainable leader in the air filtration industry by our customers, our partners and in the market where we compete. Sustainability is key to the growth of the business. This is not just about Camfil, its about our children and our children's children.
50001 defines an Energy Management System as a set of interrelated or interacting elements to establish an energy policy and energy objective and targets and processes and procedures to achieve those objectives Thus an EnMS is a framework by which an organisation establishes processes to achieve control and improvement of energy performance – a systematic approach to energy management.
50001 provides a framework energy planning process. For the process to be effective you will need to have records of past and present energy uses such as utility bills. If you have any monitoring in finer detail this will help the process. Along with energy uses is an understanding of how the energy is used, this will allow you to identify the “relevant variables” and hence performance. In a production environment the relevant variable may be the product being manufactured, leading to the performance being the number of energy units per product made. For heating you may wish to use degree days or occupancy. The next step is to carry out an energy review. Here you look to analyse the energy use and consumption to allow you to identify those uses that are significant and set objectives and target for improvement. It is important to consider only those uses that you have control off as how can you set improvement targets for something over which you have no control.
When looking at past and present uses and consumption we found the most suitable method to be to calculate the total consumption for each type of energy and to convert it to the same unit, carbon equivalent. From the table you can see that our most significant was transport fuel followed by electricity. This allowed us to prioritise targets for fuel and electricity whilst continuing to monitor gas use. You can then drill down into each energy use to determine which is most significant and prioritise and set targets accordingly. In the case of transport fuel our most significant was that related to our logistics.
With our existing electricity monitoring in place we were able to establish that our production use accounted for some 46% of our total use. This came as a surprise as we had expected it to be the most significant which serves to confirm the importance of carrying our the review. We therefore looked at our domestic uses for which we did not have any monitoring in place. We therefore carried out a “desktop” review. This review identified four main uses
In our building space heating consists of hot air blowers in production areas with ceiling mounted VRV systems in offices whilst the AHUs are used to serve specific production departments. In many organisations air conditioning will be the most significant energy use and installing low energy air filters will lead to very significant savings in suitable applications. The desk top review consisted of identifying the electricity consumption of items either by spot monitoring or by multiplying consumption figures by running times (or occupancy times). It is interesting to note that lighting was our second most significant use even though, at the time of the survey, we had already removed all metal halide lighting from production areas and converted fluorescent lighting to the most energy efficient at that time.
As the production use was very similar to the domestic use we looked at individual departments and determined which was most significant. As we expected HEPA was the most significant followed by Bags.
An output from the energy review is the energy base line. The standard defines this as a quantitative reference(s) providing a basis for comparison. We have set our base line as the total carbon equivalent for our energy uses that fall within the scope of our certification at the end of 2009. We have then set a target for improvement which we call our 2020 target, that is a 20% improvement by the year 2020. On the chart the blue line in the lower part is the base line, the green line in the upper part is the target, the red line the required path to target and the black line the actual progress to target. As you can see we are on target.
An further output from the energy review is energy performance indicator(s). The standard defines this as a quantitative value or measure of energy performance, as defined by the organisation. We have identified performance indicators for Logistics transport efficiency Domestic consumption efficiency Production consumption efficiency In each case the consumption is compared with the cost of Camfil Ltd doing business. This provides some commonality and the cost of doing business is also used during the Kitemark evaluations. Objectives and targets are set for each performance indicator and these are monitored on an on-going basis
Some of the tools that we use to help us achieve our objectives and targets are Low hanging fruit Metering plan Efficiency monitoring Deviation monitoring And most importantly culture
Identify low investment v high savings (returns) e.g. Low Energy Air filters and lighting etc If these can come from employees suggestions then so much the better as this will help to foster a good energy saving culture As part of our initial CEASE campaign we invited suggestions on how we could save energy from our employees, offering prizes for the best suggestions. The first prize was a flat screen TV (quite new at that time). We received many suggestions most of which we implemented straight away. Somme of them concerned changes to lighting etc and these were carried out as projects. As our employees saw their suggestions being carried out the energy saving culture began to blossom.
This is a time line of the improvements we have made. As I have said we started with the CEASE campaign and the suggestion survey. This led is to low hanging fruit in the form of a new gas control system with temperature control at point of use and intelligent burner control. As stated in a previous slide we also replaced all the production lighting, removing 400w metal halides and installing 100w compact fluorescents with daylight and PIR sensors and replaced inefficient fluorescent lighting with more energy efficient fluorescents. We trained our drivers in defensive driving techniques and this is something we have continued with new drivers and refresher training. You will note a steady improvement in the vehicles starting by replacing all vans with eu4 to eu5 in 2010 and now to the new blue efficiency vehicles with stop start technology. Lighting control have been improved with the addition of PIR and in Feb. 2011 we installed a trail system of LED lighting into our production office this has proved successful and we are currently looking at an intelligent LED lighting solution. Also to replace fluorescent strip lighting with an LED solution. One of our latest “just do its” was to replace the external flood lighting. We had started a program of replacing 500w halogen bulbs with 250w bulbs but then sourced a LED solution. This meant we could replace all floodlights with 18w and 36w LED floods returning a saving of around 80% with an improvement in lighting levels and reduction on impact with our neighbours. You can see on the timeline the formalisation of our energy management system with BS EN 16001, the ERV kitemark and the transition to ISO 50001 together with improved energy monitoring. Work has continued in 2012 with improved efficiency vehicles, improvements to production equipment and a current protect introducing new equipment. Each piece of this new equipment will be monitored for energy efficiency to help drive further improvements in 2013.
Metering plan The metering plan is a very useful tool
This is our metering plan for the main production unit The shaded boxes represent distribution boards which have metering and cover all our production cells We have established exactly what is connected to which distribution board and indeed found that some of the bag cell equipment was fed from the panels distribution board. This has now been corrected You can also see on the plan our energy factors, or relevant variables in the 50001 standard, which we use to determine energy efficiency The metering plan has proved to be an invaluable tool to both myself in setting up and running 50001 and also our maintenance team, and as such it is well worth spending time on. Were possible you should look to improve monitoring by adding additional meters. We expanded our metering at the end of 2011 to cover a couple of departments that did not have individual meters and are currently installing more meters to allow us to look at individual machine in production areas The more you measure the more effective your energy management system will become as what gets measured usually improves.
Efficiency monitoring will assist you to drive and track savings in each area of your business. You should monitor your energy performance indicators identified in the energy review
This is one of the production cell’s charts showing energy efficiency, In this case the efficiency is calculated by comparing energy usage against linear metres of filter media consumed. The two red lines represent the band of acceptable efficiency and they report on those outside the bands, particular attention is given to anything below the line as this is something we definitely want to repeat. The efficiency band is determined from the previous years data and in conjunction with the department supervisor (who is tasked with achieving agreed targets).
The supervisor is tasked with completing a report identifying the reasons why there are results outside the accepted band. These reports are carried out on a weekly basis by all production departments. Each year these band of acceptability narrow or move to assist us with driving savings The production director completes are similar report looking at total production throughput against total electrical consumption. The additional monitoring we are currently installing will enable us understand consumption of individual machines rather than departments and efficiency monitoring will be of the same format with the throughput of the machine being compared to the energy consumption.
Progress towards targets in monitored on a monthly basis The bars represent (in order) this years, last years and this years target The red line is the target line and the black line the actual progress toward target. As you can see this department has hit target in august but have slipped back a little in October. When targets are achieved earlier in the year there is always the possibility to reset targets (this the agreement of the department of course). Both of these charts are displayed on the production areas notice boards which again helps with the energy saving culture
Results are also used to track trends. Daily figures are summed into weekly amounts and plotted on both quarterly and annual charts The chart show the results for the Panels department showing a improving trend throughout the year. All charts are discussed with production departments and posted on notice boards
Deviation monitoring The standard requires you to carry out an evaluation of actual verses expected energy consumption (clause 4.6.1.e). Whilst this can be and should be done as part of the energy review process a useful tool is to chart daily consumption which will allow you to react to significant deviations
This is the daily consumption of the site and allows us to identify any deviation from the norm. We do this on the Monday for the previous week. It clearly shows the day and night shift, the early finish on Fridays and the usage over the weekend when we are not producing filters One of our challenges is to understand and reduced this weekend usage. Were metering is in place it is possible to produce charts for each meter again allowing deviations to be identified. We tend to produce these charts on an ad hoc basis when unexpected efficiency results come up. These help the supervisor see when there was a peak usage and therefore pinpoint the reason for the deviation. Whilst I have talked primarily about electricity metering it is obviously a requirement to have good systems to record relevant variables or energy factors.
Culture is the most difficult to explain and can be the most difficult to achieve. There is no doubt that without a strong energy management culture targets will be very difficult to meet. The culture needs to be from the top down and the bottom up. It is very useful to have a champion to drive the culture Camfil Limited's managing director Bill Wilkinson is passionate about energy saving and he is supported by the other directors, we also have a number of “green” workers who are equally passionate. This provide me as the energy manager with effective champions to drive the energy culture. Good communication is also important, keep notice boards up to date and talk to employees about both problems and solutions and progress towards targets, keep banging the energy saving drum. Invite comments and suggestions. We also reward employees for energy savings through bonus schemes and suggestion schemes.
So what are the benefits of an EnMS Well perhaps the most important one is saving money. ISO 50001 is, to our knowledge, the only standard that has its roots firmly fixed in saving money. With energy saving you automatically save money. Some times it may take awhile but ultimately they all save money. The majority of them have ROI well within normal company requirements. We look on energy improvements and “Just Do Its”. The energy management system helps to underpin our sustainability drive making us more and more efficient and allows us to confirm our commitment to our Camfilcairing sustainability programme The Energy Verification Kitemark allows us to demonstrate to our stakeholders our commitment to energy efficiency and reduction and lends weight to our efforts in selling low energy air filters One other thing its actually been great fun and so you should enjoy it.
Under the heading of Saving money lets look at what we have achieved A saving of 35% in the number of litres of consumed in our logistics operation, some 80,000 litres (£112K)
A saving of 35% in the units of electricity consumed, some 380,000 units which equates to £34K In both cases, as you can see from the charts, there were big wins at the start of our journey and its getting harder each year to demonstrate absolute savings. We are also looking to demonstrate year on year efficiency saves We are still making those absolute savings even year 5 in but its tuff. An effective energy management system together with a motivated workforce is the key. The culture of saving also tends to expand into other areas of the business, for example we have reduced our water usage by 25% in the last two years and waste by 49% over 4 years. Also gone from 46% recycling of waste in 2009 to 62% in 2012
Here is a simplistic view of a ventilation system, so we can better understand the rest of the presentation. We need to take external air and make it suitable for internal use (stable temp, humidity, remove pollutants etc.) All the components of the ventilation system work to prevent air movement (flow resistance) which we measure as pressure loss. Water will not flow up hill against gravity, you need a pump and the input of energy. The fan is the same, it requires the input of energy to drive the air through the ventilation system. This is where the energy cost arises from The flow resistance of most components is fairly stable through life, However the flow resistance of filters depends on their construction and varies through life, this is where the opportunity for energy and cost optimisation arises.