INHERITANCE OF COAT COLOUR AND TYPE OF FLEECE IN ALPACAPonencia Magistral presentada en el III Simposium Internacional de Investigaciones Sobre Camélidos Sudamericanos. Arequipa - Perú.

2. RESEARCH GROUP Prof. Carlo Renieri, Senior Researcher Dr Marco Antonini, researcher Prof. Alessandro Valbonesi, reseracher Dr. Antonietta La Terza, PhD Tutor Vincenzo La Manna, PhD tutor Dr. Dario Pediconi, Post doc Siva Arumugam Saravanaperumal, PhD candidate Chandramohan Bathrachalam, PhD candidate Gabriela Molina, PhD candidate Annalisa Candelori, Phd candidate

3. Experimental Segregation Design An experimental trial involving 17 alpaca rams and 230 alpaca dams was performed at the Experimental Station of Quimsachata, Peru. The Station is located on the Andean Plateau at 4300 m under the management of the INIA ILLPA PUNO. The trial is organised in a hierarchical scheme as follows: One hundred forty nine (149) crias were born. At birth, the type of fleece and the coat colour were identified. Blood samples and skin biopsies for molecular genetic analysis were sampled from parents and crias. CROSS RAMS DAMS White x White 2 Suri 30 Huacaya 2 Huacaya 30 Suri White x Coloured 2 Suri 30 Huacaya Café 2 Huacaya 10 Suri Lf + 8 Ap + Gr Black x Black 2 Suri 30 Huacaya 2 Huacaya 17 Suri Black x Brown 1 Suri 15 Huacaya 1 Huacaya 15 Suri Brown x Brown 2 Suri 30 Huacaya 1 Huacaya 15 Suri Total 17 230

21. API Faint Brown Light Brown Grey Black Brown Alpaca – Huacaya Type International Year of Natural Fibers 2009

22. Alpaca – Suri Type API Brown Redish brown Grey White Black International Year of Natural Fibers 2009

23. Mechanisam of action of Asip and MC1R

24. White (BL) X Brown (CA) S0502 BL 282298 CA 076108 LF EEI-024 NE 297204 CC 072108 BL Black (NE) X Brown (CC) Pedigree chart of samples in progress

30. MC1R Asip

36. MC1R sequence alingment of Black X Cafe claro 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| ATGCCTGTGCTCGGCCCCCAGAGGAGGCTGCTGGGCTCCCTCAACTCCACCCCCCAAGCC ACCACCCACCTCGGACTGGCC A CCAACCAG ATGCCTGTGCTCGGCCCCCAGAGGAGGCTGCTGGGCTCCCTCAACTCCACCCCCCAAGCC ACCACCCACCTCGGACTGGCC A CCAACCAG ATGCCTGTGCTCGGCCCCCAGAGGAGGCTGCTGGGCTCCCTCAACTCCACCCCCCAAGCC ACCACCCACCTCGGACTGGCC G CCAACCAG 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| A C GGGGCCCCAGTGCCTGGAGGTGTCTGTTCCCGA T GGGCTGTTCCTCAGCCTGGGGCTGGTGAGCCTCGTGGAGAACGTGCTGGTGGTG A C GGGGCCCCAGTGCCTGGAGGTGTCTGTTCCCGA T GGGCTGTTCCTCAGCCTGGGGCTGGTGAGCCTCGTGGAGAACGTGCTGGTGGTG A T GGGGCCCCAGTGCCTGGAGGTGTCTGTTCCCGA C GGGCTGTTCCTCAGCCTGGGGCTGGTGAGCCTCGTGGAGAACGTGCTGGTGGTG 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| GCTGCCATCACCAAGAACCGCAACCTGCATTCTCCCATGTATTACTTCATCTGCTGCCTGGCCGCGTCGGACCTGCTG A TGAGCATGAGC GCTGCCATCACCAAGAACCGCAACCTGCATTCTCCCATGTATTACTTCATCTGCTGCCTGGCCGCGTCGGACCTGCTG A TGAGCATGAGC GCTGCCATCACCAAGAACCGCAACCTGCATTCTCCCATGTATTACTTCATCTGCTGCCTGGCCGCGTCGGACCTGCTG G TGAGCATGAGC 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| AACGTGCTGGAGACGGCCGTCATGCTGCTGCTGGAGGCTGGCGCCCTGGCCACATGGGCTACGGTGGTGCAGCAGCTGGACAA T GTCATG AACGTGCTGGAGACGGCCGTCATGCTGCTGCTGGAGGCTGGCGCCCTGGCCACATGGGCTACGGTGGTGCAGCAGCTGGACAA T GTCATG AACGTGCTGGAGACGGCCGTCATGCTGCTGCTGGAGGCTGGCGCCCTGGCCACATGGGCTACGGTGGTGCAGCAGCTGGACAA G GTCATG 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| GATGTGCTCATCTGC A GCTCCATGGTGTCCAGCCTCTGCTCTCTGGGTGCTATCGCCGTGGACCGCTACATCTCCATCTTCTATGCACTG GATGTGCTCATCTGC A GCTCCATGGTGTCCAGCCTCTGCTCTCTGGGTGCTATCGCCGTGGACCGCTACATCTCCATCTTCTATGCACTG GATGTGCTCATCTGC G GCTCCATGGTGTCCAGCCTCTGCTCTCTGGGTGCTATCGCCGTGGACCGCTACATCTCCATCTTCTATGCACTG 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| CGCTACCACAGCATCGTGACGCTGCCTCGGGCATGGCGGGCCATCGCGGCCATCTGGGTGGCCAGCGTCCTCTCCAGCACCCTCTTCATC CGCTACCACAGCATCGTGACGCTGCCTCGGGCATGGCGGGCCATCGCGGCCATCTGGGTGGCCAGCGTCCTCTCCAGCACCCTCTTCATC CGCTACCACAGCATCGTGACGCTGCCTCGGGCATGGCGGGCCATCGCGGCCATCTGGGTGGCCAGCGTCCTCTCCAGCACCCTCTTCATC 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| ACCTACTATGATCACACAGCCGTCCTCCTCTGTCTCGTCAGCTTTTTTGTAGCCATGCTGGCGCTCATGGCGGTGCT G TATGTCCACATG ACCTACTATGATCACACAGCCGTCCTCCTCTGTCTCGTCAGCTTTTTTGTAGCCATGCTGGCGCTCATGGCGGTGCT G TATGTCCACATG ACCTACTATGATCACACAGCCGTCCTCCTCTGTCTCGTCAGCTTTTTTGTAGCCATGCTGGCGCTCATGGCGGTGCT A TATGTCCACATG 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| CTGGCCCGGGCGTGCCAGCATGCCCGGGGCATCGCCCAGCTCCACAAGAGACAGCGCCCCATCCACCAGGGCTTTGGCCTCAAGGGCGTG CTGGCCCGGGCGTGCCAGCATGCCCGGGGCATCGCCCAGCTCCACAAGAGACAGCGCCCCATCCACCAGGGCTTTGGCCTCAAGGGCGTG CTGGCCCGGGCGTGCCAGCATGCCCGGGGCATCGCCCAGCTCCACAAGAGACAGCGCCCCATCCACCAGGGCTTTGGCCTCAAGGGCGTG 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| GCCACGCTCACCATCCTGCTGGGCATCTTCTTCCTCTGCTGGGGCCCCTTCTTCCTGCACCTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCAC GCCACGCTCACCATCCTGCTGGGCATCTTCTTCCTCTGCTGGGGCCCCTTCTTCCTGCACCTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCAC GCCACGCTCACCATCCTGCTGGGCATCTTCTTCCTCTGCTGGGGCCCCTTCTTCCTGCACCTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCAC 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| CTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCACAACCTCTTCCTTGCCCTCATCATCTGCAACTCCATCGTGGACCCCCTCATCTATGCCTTC CTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCACAACCTCTTCCTTGCCCTCATCATCTGCAACTCCATCGTGGACCCCCTCATCTATGCCTTC CTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCACAACCTCTTCCTTGCCCTCATCATCTGCAACTCCATCGTGGACCCCCTCATCTATGCCTTC 910 920 930 940 950 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| C GCAGCCAGGAGCTCCGGAAGACACTCCAGGA G GTGCTGCAGTGCTCCTGGTGA T GCAGCCAGGAGCTCCGGAAGACACTCCAGGA G GTGCTGCAGTGCTCCTGGTGA T GCAGCCAGGAGCTCCGGAAGACACTCCAGGA A GTGCTGCAGTGCTCCTGGTGA Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) T T A R C C M M V S S G Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white) Father (bLACK) Mother (Cafe claro) F1 (white)

37. MC1R Sequence alignment of White X Cafe A T T T T M C R R G S G 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| ATGCCTGTGCTCGGCCCCCAGAGGAGGCTGCTGGGCTCCCTCAACTCCACCCCCCAAGCC ACCACCCACCTCGGACTGGCC G CCAACCAG ATGCCTGTGCTCGGCCCCCAGAGGAGGCTGCTGGGCTCCCTCAACTCCACCCCCCAAGCC ACCACCCACCTCGGACTGGCC A CCAACCAG ATGCCTGTGCTCGGCCCCCAGAGGAGGCTGCTGGGCTCCCTCAACTCCACCCCCCAAGCC ACCACCCACCTCGGACTGGCC A CCAACCAG 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| A C GGGGCCCCAGTGCCTGGAGGTGTCTGTTCCCGA C GGGCTGTTCCTCAGCCTGGGGCTGGTGAGCCTCGTGGAGAACGTGCTGGTGGTG A C GGGGCCCCAGTGCCTGGAGGTGTCTGTTCCCGA T GGGCTGTTCCTCAGCCTGGGGCTGGTGAGCCTCGTGGAGAACGTGCTGGTGGTG A T GGGGCCCCAGTGCCTGGAGGTGTCTGTTCCCGA T GGGCTGTTCCTCAGCCTGGGGCTGGTGAGCCTCGTGGAGAACGTGCTGGTGGTG 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| GCTGCCATCACCAAGAACCGCAACCTGCATTCTCCCATGTATTACTTCATCTGCTGCCTGGCCGCGTCGGACCTGCTG G TGAGCATGAGC GCTGCCATCACCAAGAACCGCAACCTGCATTCTCCCATGTATTACTTCATCTGCTGCCTGGCCGCGTCGGACCTGCTG A TGAGCATGAGC GCTGCCATCACCAAGAACCGCAACCTGCATTCTCCCATGTATTACTTCATCTGCTGCCTGGCCGCGTCGGACCTGCTG G TGAGCATGAGC 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| AACGTGCTGGAGACGGCCGTCATGCTGCTGCTGGAGGCTGGCGCCCTGGCCACATGGGCTACGGTGGTGCAGCAGCTGGACAA C GTCATG AACGTGCTGGAGACGGCCGTCATGCTGCTGCTGGAGGCTGGCGCCCTGGCCACATGGGCTACGGTGGTGCAGCAGCTGGACAA T GTCATG AACGTGCTGGAGACGGCCGTCATGCTGCTGCTGGAGGCTGGCGCCCTGGCCACATGGGCTACGGTGGTGCAGCAGCTGGACAA T GTCATG 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| GATGTGCTCATCTGC G GCTCCATGGTGTCCAGCCTCTGCTCTCTGGGTGCTATCGCCGTGGACCGCTACATCTCCATCTTCTATGCACTG GATGTGCTCATCTGC A GCTCCATGGTGTCCAGCCTCTGCTCTCTGGGTGCTATCGCCGTGGACCGCTACATCTCCATCTTCTATGCACTG GATGTGCTCATCTGC G GCTCCATGGTGTCCAGCCTCTGCTCTCTGGGTGCTATCGCCGTGGACCGCTACATCTCCATCTTCTATGCACTG 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| CGCTACCACAGCATCGTGACGCTGCCTCGGGCATGGCGGGCCATCGCGGCCATCTGGGTGGCCAGCGTCCTCTCCAGCACCCTCTTCATC CGCTACCACAGCATCGTGACGCTGCCTCGGGCATGGCGGGCCATCGCGGCCATCTGGGTGGCCAGCGTCCTCTCCAGCACCCTCTTCATC CGCTACCACAGCATCGTGACGCTGCCTCGGGCATGGCGGGCCATCGCGGCCATCTGGGTGGCCAGCGTCCTCTCCAGCACCCTCTTCATC 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| ACCTACTATGATCACACAGCCGTCCTCCTCTGTCTCGTCAGCTTTTTTGTAGCCATGCTGGCGCTCATGGCGGTGCT A TATGTCCACATG ACCTACTATGATCACACAGCCGTCCTCCTCTGTCTCGTCAGCTTTTTTGTAGCCATGCTGGCGCTCATGGCGGTGCT G TATGTCCACATG ACCTACTATGATCACACAGCCGTCCTCCTCTGTCTCGTCAGCTTTTTTGTAGCCATGCTGGCGCTCATGGCGGTGCT G TATGTCCACATG 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| CTGGCCCGGGCGTGCCAGCATGCCCGGGGCATCGCCCAGCTCCACAAGAGACAGCGCCCCATCCACCAGGGCTTTGGCCTCAAGGGCGTG CTGGCCCGGGCGTGCCAGCATGCCCGGGGCATCGCCCAGCTCCACAAGAGACAGCGCCCCATCCACCAGGGCTTTGGCCTCAAGGGCGTG CTGGCCCGGGCGTGCCAGCATGCCCGGGGCATCGCCCAGCTCCACAAGAGACAGCGCCCCATCCACCAGGGCTTTGGCCTCAAGGGCGTG 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| GCCACGCTCACCATCCTGCTGGGCATCTTCTTCCTCTGCTGGGGCCCCTTCTTCCTGCACCTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCAC GCCACGCTCACCATCCTGCTGGGCATCTTCTTCCTCTGCTGGGGCCCCTTCTTCCTGCACCTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCAC GCCACGCTCACCATCCTGCTGGGCATCTTCTTCCTCTGCTGGGGCCCCTTCTTCCTGCACCTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCAC 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| CTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCACAACCTCTTCCTTGCCCTCATCATCTGCAACTCCATCGTGGACCCCCTCATCTATGCCTTC CTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCACAACCTCTTCCTTGCCCTCATCATCTGCAACTCCATCGTGGACCCCCTCATCTATGCCTTC CTTTTCCTCATCGTCCTCTGTCCTCAGCACAACCTCTTCCTTGCCCTCATCATCTGCAACTCCATCGTGGACCCCCTCATCTATGCCTTC 910 920 930 940 950 .........|.........|.........|.........|.........|.........| T GCAGCCAGGAGCTCCGGAAGACACTCCAGGA A GTGCTGCAGTGCTCCTGGTGA C GCAGCCAGGAGCTCCGGAAGACACTCCAGGA G GTGCTGCAGTGCTCCTGGTGA C GCAGCCAGGAGCTCCGGAAGACACTCCAGGA G GTGCTGCAGTGCTCCTGGTGA Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn) Father (White) Mother (Cafe) F1 (Light fawn)

40. Conclusion for Asip and MC1R

56. CONVENIO UNICAM DSA - INIEA ILLPA PUNO CRUZAMIENTOS MACHOS HEMBRAS BLANCO X BLANCO 2 SURI 30 HUACAYA 2 HUACAYA 30 SURI BLANCO X COLOR 2 SURI 30 HUACAYA CAFÉ 2 HUACAYA 10 SURI LF + 8 AP + GR COLOR X COLOR NEGRO X NEGRO 2 SURI 30 HUACAYA 2 HUACAYA 17 SURI NEGRO X CAFÉ 1 SURI 15 HUACAYA 1 HUACAYA 15 SURI CAFÉ X CAFÉ 2 SURI 30 HUACAYA 1 HUACAYA 15 SURI TOTAL : 17 230

60. SURI GENOTYPE vs PHENOTYPE NO SEGREGATING GENOTYPES AA BB AA Bb Aa BB Aa Bb AA bb aa BB SEGREGATING GENOTYPES Aa Bb Aa bb aa Bb

75. THANK YOU ALL