The SDGs consist of 17 goals and 169 affiliated targets that provide an opportunity to combine development goals and focus on all countries (National Bureau of Statistics and UNDP, 2016)

1. EFFECTS OF FARMERS-HERDMEN CONFLICT ON ARABLE
CROP FARMERS’ LIVELIHOODS IN IMEKO-AFON LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE
BY
FAKOYA, Olugbenga Emmanuel
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria

2. Introduction
 The SDGs consist of 17 goals and 169 affiliated targets that
provide an opportunity to combine development goals and
focus on all countries (National Bureau of Statistics and UNDP,
2016)
 Goal 16 of the sustainable development goal is to ‘promote
peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,
provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable
and inclusive institutions at all levels’
 One major problem confronting world peace today is the
manifestation of conflicts in different dimensions across the
globe. From Europe to America, Africa to Asia, conflicts are
common phenomena

3. Introduction contd…
 Conflicts between farmers and normadic cattle herders have
been a common feature of economic livelihood in west Africa
(Tonah, 2006)
 Farmers-herdsmen conflicts are mainly attributable to resource
control and divergent value systems in the country
 The movement of pastoralist from one area of the country to
another is usually caused by the increasing demand for fresh
grazing grounds especially during draught period, when the
pastoralists move southwards because of the availability of
pasture
 In most cases, the pastoralists do encounter problems with the
local people because farmers’ crops were being destroyed by
their cattle (Olaleye et al, 2010)

4. Objectives of the study
• Ascertain the perceived causes of conflict between crop farmers
and herdsmen
• Identify the constraints encountered by the farmers and
herdsmen in the study area
• Determine the economics effects of famers-herdsmen conflicts
on the rural dwellers livelihood
• Determine the intervention mechanism used in the resolution of
such conflicts

5. Research Methodology
 The study was carried out in Ogun State, in the southern
farming zone in Nigeria. Imeko Afon Local Government Area of
Ogun state was used for the research study
 The population of the study comprises the farmers in Imeko
Afon Local Government Area of Ogun State
 Simple random sampling was used to select farmers 80 farmers
out of 434 registered farmers with OGADEP in imeko, ilara and
iwoye communities
 The data for the study were collected through a well-structured
questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, mean, SD
and Pearsons’ Product Momunt Correlation

6. Result and discussions : Perceived causes of conflicts between farmers
and herdsmen
Statements Major Minor Not a Cause Rank
Frequency
(Percentage)
Frequency
(Percentage)
Frequency
(Percentage)
Contamination of stream by cattle. 27(33.75%) 29(36.25%) 24(30%) 6th
Overgrazing of fallow land. 17(21.25%) 17(21.25%) 46(57.5%) 8th
Disregard for traditional rules and regulation. 38(47.5%) 28(35%) 14(17.5%) 1
Sexual harassment of women. 33(41.25%) 32(40%) 15(18.75%) 4th
Harassment of herdsmen by villagers. 7(8.75%) 11(13.75%) 62(77.5%) 10th
Indiscriminate defecation by cattle on road. 18(22.5%) 27(33.75) 35(43.75%) 7th
Theft of cattle. 9(11.25%) 9(11.25%) 62(77.5%) 9th
Stray cattle. 63(78.75%) 12(15%) 5(6.25%) 2nd
Indiscriminate bush burning. 63(78.75%) 12(15%) 5(6.25%) 1st
Disregard for traditional authorities 33(41.25%) 28(35%) 19(23.75%) 5th

7. Constraint Encountered as a Result of Farmer-Herdsmen Conflicts
STATEMENT MAJOR MINOR NOT A CONSTRAINT Mean (rank)
Frequency
(Percentage)
Frequency
(Percentage)
Frequency
(Percentage)
Abandoning of farm as a result of the conflict. 63(78.75%) 8(10%) 9(11.25%) 4th
Occupation changes as a result of the conflict. 52(65%) 21(26.25%) 7(8.75%) 6th
Extra cost to buy food crop? 68(85%) 11(13.75) 1(1.25%) 2th
Harvesting early as a result of conflict? 53(66.25%) 22(27.5%) 5(6.25%) 5th
Disposing your stock/ animal as a result of conflicts. 4(5%) 13(16.25%) 63(78.75%) 10th
Staying late on farm as a result of conflict? 26(32.5%) 22(27.5%) 32(40%) 8th
Migrating and shift from one area/town as a result of
conflict.
67(83.75%) 10(12.5%) 3(3.75%) 3th
Rise in price of agricultural produce (farm produce ) 72(90.0%) 8(10.0%) 0(0%) 1st
Rise in price of meat. 22(27.5%) 27(33.75%) 31(38.75%) 9th
Insecurity of life and properties. 52(65%) 16(20%) 12(15%) 7th

8. Effect of Farmer to herdsmen conflicts on Crop Farmers Livelihood
outcome
Statements SA A U D SD
Mean: 43.8750 F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%) F (%)
Loss of lives. 46(57.5%) 12(15%) 3(3.75%) 19(23.75%) 0(0%)
Loss of house and properties. 31(38.75%) 18(22.5%) 7(8.75%) 22(27.5%) 2(2.5%)
Loss of production/shortage
of production.
48(60%) 26(32.5%) 1(1.25%) 5(6.25%) 0(0%)
Displacement of farmers. 49(61.25%) 25(31.25%) 3(3.75%) 2(2.5%) 1(1.25%)
Reduction of income and
output by farmers.
58(72.5%) 20(25%) 1(1.25%) 1(1.25%) 0(0%)
Reduction of income and
output by herdsmen.
13(16.25%) 2(2.5%) 12(15%) 24(30%) 29(36.25%)
Low food security 37(46.25%) 37(46.25%) 3(3.75%) 2(2.5%) 1(1.25%)
Low community organization. 20(25%) 22(27.5%) 12(15%) 24(30.0%) 2(2.5%)

9. Intervention Mechanism Used for Conflicts Resolution
Statement Yes No
Frequency (percentages) Frequency (percentages)
Do you get help from police? 39(48.75%) 41(51.25%)
Do you get help from traditional ruler? 48(60%) 32(40%)
Do you get help from tribal leaders? 44(55.0%) 36(45.0%)
Do you get help from relation and friend? 67(83.75) 13(16.25%)
Do you get help from any political leader? 12(15.0%) 68(85.0%)
Do you get help from government through insurance policy? 5(6.25%) 75(93.75%)
Do you get help from vigilante? 66(82.5%) 14(17.5%)
Do you protect yourself 76(95%) 4(5%)

10. Correlation Coefficient between Perceive Causes Of The Conflict
Between Farmer-Herdsmen And The Economic Effect Of Farmer-
Herdsmen Conflicts on Rural Farmers Livelihood.
Statements R-value p-value Decision
perceive causes of conflicts 0.360 0.001 S
Economic effect of farmer-herdsmen conflict on farmers livelihood 0.360 0.001 S

11. Conclusion and recommendations
This research work was able to identify various causes of conflicts
between farmers and herdsmen
This research highlighted the major economic effect of farmer-
herdsmen conflicts on the farmer livelihood and this were effect on
community safety, social network security occupational functioning,
wellbeing and satisfaction, personal safety and health security
It was therefore recommended that government at all level should
design peace building framework that will address conflict between
farmers and herdsmen.

12. References
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farmers conflict in derived savanna zone of Oyo State, Nigeria. J. Hum. Econ.
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• Adekunle A, Adisa RS (2010). An empirical phenomenological psychological
study of farmer-herdsmen conflicts in North – Central
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• Adetula VAO (2007). “Development, Conflict and Peace Building in Africa”, in
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• Abbass MI (2009). No retreat, no surrender: Conflict for survival between
Fulani pastoralists and farmers in Northern Nigeria. Eur. Sci. J. 8(1):1-22.
•

13. Appreciation
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