Presentation by Lalisa A. Duguma at "Odds and ends for restoring landscapes through agroforestry" Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.

1. Odds and ends of rehabilitating (restoring)
degraded landscapes
Lalisa A. Duguma
World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) &
ASB Partnership forTropical Forest Margins
Email: l.duguma@cgiar.org

2. Outline
Some background
The big questions in restoration/ rehabilitation
◦ What do we want to achieve?
◦ How do we reach at the goal?
◦ Why do we do it?
◦ Whose voice and choice is crucial?
Case study
Summary

3. The rise of the restoration agenda
 Natural resource depletion (and degradation) in
multiple fronts (e.g. forests, water, land, etc.) is a growing
threat.
 Close to 60% of the ecosystems services widely used
by humans are degraded or being used unsustainably
(MEA 2005).
 Replenishing the potential of the ecosystem to provide
the necessary ecosystem services through restoration/
rehabilitation is gaining promising momentum.

4. Restoration opportunities
1.5 billion ha of mosaic restoration – forests and
trees combined in other land uses such as
agroforestry, smallholder farms and settlement
areas.
About 0.5 billion ha of wide scale
restoration of closed forest
About 200 million ha of unpopulated remote
forests e.g. in boreal areas that could be
restored.

5. The Commitments (e.g. Bonn
Challenge-FLR)
 Ethiopia and USA – 15 million ha each
 DR Congo – 8 million ha
 Uganda – 2.5 million ha
 Rwanda – 2 million ha
 Guatemala – 1.2 million ha
 Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Costa Rica – 1 million ha each
 Pakistan – 0.38 million ha
 Initiative 20x20 (Latin America and Caribbean countries) – 20
million degraded land (inclusive of 11.5 million ha degraded
forest)

6. Very promising commitments indeed!!
In implementing such commitments, it is
necessary to take into account a number of
issues so that the initiative could be
successful and sustainable.

7. Restoration vs. Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation
- the reparation of ecosystem
processes, productivity and
services… but..
- does not necessarily mean a
return to pre-existing biotic
conditions.
Restoration
- the process of assisting the recovery
of an ecosystem that has been
degraded, damaged, or destroyed.
- attempts to return an ecosystem
to its historic trajectory.
Source: Society for Ecological Restoration International Science & Policy Working Group. 2004.The
SER International Primer on Ecological Restoration. www.ser.org &Tucson: Society for Ecological
Restoration International.

8. What are we intending to restore/
rehabilitate - Cover or Quality??
 Cover is more about the form i.e. species composition,
land use configurations, etc.
◦ Do we just want any type of forest where forest was lost?
◦ Or is the cover guided by the priority functions?
 Quality (function) could be influenced by form.
 Is quality about multiple functions?

9. What is the landscape we want to have?
 History: How did we come to where
we are? [What lead to the degradation?]
 Context:What is the context within
which the restoration or rehabilitation is
going to take place?
 Risks and drivers of change: What
are the risks and drivers of change that
we need to take into account?
9

10. Which pathway or trajectory is
appropriate?
 How do we want to go
where we planned to be in
restoring or rehabilitating the
landscapes?
 Each trajectory can have its
own distinct practices,
investment portfolio,
stakeholders, …
A
B

11. From whose perspective?
 Who makes the decision on what has to be
achieved?
 Did we capture the voice of all relevant
stakeholders?
 Whose vision is it?
 What is the voice of the people on..
◦ Choice of practices
◦ Choice of tree species
◦ The nature of benefits generated from the
initiatives
Delta Electronics Group

12. The Shinyanga case study,
Tanzania

13. The Process
ICRAF was the key technical partner from the
beginning of the programme

14. The Change
611 ha of managed
Ngitili in 1986
378,000 ha Ngitili-
based landscape
rehabilitation in 2005

15. Degraded grazing land
Restored area using Ngitili

16. TheValues (Multiple functions): Social,
environmental, livelihood benefits
Carbon sequestration
1986 - 611 ha (27,428 t C)
2005 - 377,756 ha
(17 M t C)
Biodiversity conservation
Bird species reemerged : 22-65
Mammal species reemerged : 10
Plant species in restored Ngitili:152
Economic values (Monela et al. 2005)
Per capita economic value : 168 USD /year
Rural per capita expenditure : 102 USD /year
Other ES benefits
Hydrological functions:
Dam construction and
water management
(“Water markets”)
Soil management:
Erosion control
SOM build-up
Social and
Intrinsic values
- Social cohesion
- ‘Social security’
REDD+ piloting is
already ongoing!!

17. TheValues….

18. Multi-actor processes
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19. Success factors
 Multi-stakeholder engagement and institutional
collaborations that leverage resources and knowledge
and improve overall efficiency of the actions
 Long-term investments by financing agencies and long-
term commitment by actors
 Favorable and supportive national and local policy
processes
 Use of local practices and knowledge in the
implementation scheme
 Empowerment of the community to own the process

20. Summary
To achieve the goal of restoration/
rehabilitation in landscapes, it is
crucial to articulate:
 What we want to achieve, what
processes are in it, what
resources are required.
 How we want to do it
 Who should be engaged
 Why we do it
 …..

21. Thank You!