This presentation focuses on watershed management which also takes climate change and the landscape approach into consideration. It shows measurements, drainage treatment, adaptive sustainable agriculture and much more.

2. CLIMATE SMART LANDSCAPE‐BASED
INTEGRATED WATERSHED
DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIENCES FROM
DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIENCES FROM
INDIA

3. Scale of Operations
People impacted
> 1 million
Watershed Villages
W t h d Vill
1,265
1 265
Project Villages
2,776
States
S
Area covered
People trained
p
6
> 7,23,605 ha
> 320,000
,
Support provided to Projects in Somaliland,
Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi .
Kenya Tanzania and Malawi

4. THEMATICWOTR’s Competencies
AREAS & COMPETENCIES
• Watershed/ Ecosystems Development and Natural
Resource Management
• Climate Change Adaptation
• Integrated Water Resources Management
• Sustainable Adaptive Agriculture and Food Security
• Rural Livelihoods
• Health, Sanitation, Hygiene, Nutrition
,
( q y)
p
• Gender, Inclusion (equity) and Women’s Empowerment
• Renewable Energy
• Capacity Building and Training
• Institutional and Systems Development
• Knowledge Management-Action Research , Development
Communication
• Policy Dialogue

5. T
The Co
ontex
xt
Chan
nge
Clima
ate
Market
Forces
Depleted Natural Resources
Fractured Vulnerable Communities

6. The Effects of Water Scarcity
Women and Children are not spared
Long distances to fetch fire wood
Malnourished children
Tanker fed Villages
a e ed
ages
Cattle sheds during droughts

7. Per
rspec
ctive and Ap
a
pproa
ach
The WOTR Engine for Adaptive Sustainable Development

8. Watershed/ Ecosystems
Development - A ClimateClimate
Smart Strategy for
Sustainable Agricultural
Development

9. MEASURES -AREA TREATMENTS
Stone Bunds

10. DRAINAGE TREATMENTS/LAND USE CHANGES

11. Integrating Bio‐Diversity
g
g
y

12. FOOD & WATER
Conserv
C
vation, Management, Use Eff
ficiency
y
Adaptive Sustainable Agriculture
Water
Water
Availability
Cropping Pattern
Pilot Crop
Demos/ Farmer
Field Schools
Soil Health and
Environmentally
safe Practices
Water Budgeting
Water
Conservation
Technologies
g
Integrated Pest
Management
Integrated
Water‐Nutrient
Management

13. On Field Interventions – Learning By Doing
Water Efficiency Enhancing Systems
Farmer Field Schools
Agro Advisories
School Exposure Trips for Learning & Validation

14. Locale‐ Specific Meteorological Information
Automated Weather Stations installed in 51 villages
Automated Weather Stations installed in 51 villages
Weather information displayed on boards in villages
Awareness creation amongst villagers
Agro‐Meteorology software development is in
g
gy
p
process
Training for villagers

15. Weather based, Crop and Locale Specific Agro-Advisory
Provisioning: A Systems Diagram

16. Climate Smart Community Adaptation: Scaling Up with Feet
on the Ground
WOTR has developed/ adapted the following Tools and
Frameworks for Context Assessment and Decision Making:
Frameworks for Context Assessment and Decision Making:
• CoDriVE‐ PD: A Vulnerability Assessment Tool
• CoDriVE – PA and Livelihoods: A Project and Livelihoods
Adjustment Tool
• Modified People’s Biodiversity Register (M‐PBR)
• Children’s Biodiversity Register (C PBR)
Children s Biodiversity Register (C‐PBR)
• Participatory 3‐D Modeling (P3DM)
• Community Disaster Risk Management (C‐DRM)
• IT‐enabled GIS and RS – supported Decision Support Systems
IT enabled, GIS and RS supported Decision Support Systems

17. IMPACTS

18. Strategies & Approaches
Darewadi
Darewadi ‐ 1996
Darewadi ‐ 1999
Darewadi ‐ 2009
Rejuvenates & Diversifies Natural Resources
j
Revitalizes Local Economies
Strengthens Relationships

19. Impact Details
Income From Agriculture (1996 –
Income From Agriculture (1996 – 2009)
60
% of Change=427% over 13 Years : for one year =33%
50
ROI : 600% over 13 Years : for one year =46%
Rs. In Million
n
40
30
20
10
-
Cash Crops
Cereal
Oil seed
Pulses
Vegetable
Milk
Fodder
Total
1996
-
1.27
0.32
2.41
2.61
-
4.01
10.61
2001
15.10
1.93
0.02
0.75
5.25
1.06
8.54
32.65
2009
32.53
4.13
0.04
0.92
2.63
0.82
14.88
55.93

20. The Impacts of Watershed Development
Barren land
decreased by 74%
despite a 32%
decline in rainfall.
A study of 15 villages revealed th f ll i
t d f
ill
l d the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Productive wells increased by 29%
Area under irrigation increased by 233%
Cropped area increased by 25%
Agriculture employment went from 4 to 10 months /year locally (150% increase)
Distress migration declined by 84%
Milk production increased by 143%
Production of Food crops by 65%
Vegetable production by 64%

21. Water Shortages : Fading Memories

22. Increased Resilience to Climate Change

23. Some Policy Impacts
• Capacity Building as a distinct and preparatory phase included in
all Government and large‐scale WSD Programmes in India
all Go ernment and large scale WSD Programmes in India
• The Watershed Development Fund (NWDF) set up by Govt. of
India based on this approach developed under the IGWDP.
I di b d
hi
hd l
d d h IGWDP
• Participatory Net Planning (PNP) adopted in Govt. Programs
• Secured permission to treat Govt. Forest land
• Government of Maharashtra adopted the handholding approach
Government of Maharashtra adopted the handholding approach
of WOTR involving NGOs and facilitating agencies‐ “Mother NGO/
Resource NGO”
• The Rajiv Gandhi Watershed mission (MP) adopted the PNP &
Village Envisioning methodology
g
g
gy

24. HOW IT IS DONE: PUTTING
DONE
PEOPLE AT THE CENTRE

25. An Inclusive Community Involvement
• The Village chooses to implement the project (self‐selection)
• Agree to non‐negotiable disciplines
• Village institutions involved:
• General Village Body (Gram Sabha of all adult members)
General Village Body (Gram Sabha of all adult members)
• Village Council and the Village Development Committee
( p
(representative of all communities including landless poor)
g
p )
• Women’s Self‐Help Groups & their Apex Body
• Forest Protection Committee & others

26. What is done: Community Engagement
Community Engagement







Village Envisioning
Capacity Building
Participatory Net Planning (PNP)
Adopting a “Systems Approach”
Implementation
Implementation
Maintenance of Accounts, Records and Reporting
Participatory Impact Monitoring & Peer Group
Assessment

27. What is done: Important Aspects for continued
Important Aspects for continued
Community Engagement & Sustainability
Key Issues consciously addressed:
 Inclusiveness and equity (community takes responsibility)
q y(
y
p
y)
 Gender Sensitivity
 Transparency
Plan for Sustainability:
 Maintenance Fund
 Water Budgeting
g
g
 Quality Education & with an eco‐systems focus
 Linkages with government and other service providers
Linkages with government and other service providers
 Addressing related issues (eg renewable energy; rural tourism) 27

28. Managing It All
IT‐ enabled, GIS and Remote Sensing –
supported Decision Support ,
supported Decision Support
Documentation and Monitoring
Systems

29. Str
rategies & Appr
roaches
Project Area – LISS-IV satellite images
Transition area
Akole Cluster
Rainshadow area
Pathar I & II

30. Socio Technical Approach
Using Technology for Context Assessment & Decision making
Net Planning using Mobile GPS

31. Socio-Economic
Data
Net Plan Data

32. Crop Mapping within single gat using mobile GPS
p
pp g
g g
g

33. Pre‐Treatment Scenario(Dec 1992)
Kumbarwadi Watershed
988 ha/ 500 mm rainfall for all images
Dec 2000
Post‐Treatment Scenario (Dec 2011)
Class
Dec 1992 (ha) Dec 2011 (ha) % Change
Wasteland
Water spread
area
362.45
255
‐42
2.48
3.64
+32
Cropland
290.92
328.15
+11
81.85
81 85
114.47
114 47
+29
988.33
988.32
Canopy Cover
Canopy Cover
Total

34. Programs, Funders & Partners
•
•
•
Climate Change Adaptation Program
Indo German Watershed Development Program
p
g
Sujala Watershed Development Program
SHMM Trust
Fund
Government of Maharashtra
Government of Andhra Pradesh
Gove
Government of Madhya Pradesh
e t o ad ya ades

35. Knowledge Partners
World Agroforestry
Centre
India Meteorological
Department
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,
MPKV
Central Research Institute for Dryland
Agriculture, CRIDA
g
,
Bharati Vidyapeth Institute of
Environment Education and Research

36. Concluding Considerations
• Climate Change impacts ecosystems, water resources,
Climate Change impacts ecosystems, water resources,
communities, livelihoods and economic activities – all are
rooted in and interact within and across watersheds
• Building adaptive capacities needs to take into consideration
the inter‐relationships between these components, identify
p
p
,
y
vulnerabilities and undertake measures that ameliorate risks
to them
• In rural economies, developing contexts, livelihoods and well
being depend upon nature and the quality of environmental
g p
p
q
y
services
• Watershed based sustainable landscape management,
p
g
,
improved water use efficiency, climate smart agriculture,
better value chain management and increased market access
will help build adaptive capacities, mitigate risks and reduce
vulnerabilities of the poor

37. Thank You!
Catching Rain Everywhere…