Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to fork

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El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ

Wissenschaft

Cacao libre de Cadmio
Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú
Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018
Tackling cadmium in cacao and
derived products – from farm to fork
Erik Smolders, Miet Maertens, Daniela Montalvo, Ruth Vanderschueren, David
Arguello, Jose-Luis Vazquez de Castro, Ramon Espinel and Eduardo Chavez
KU Leuven, Belgium and ESPOL, Ecuador

Objetivo(s) de la investigación
Cacao libre de Cadmio
Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú
Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018
VLIR project 2017-2020
Aim
To prepare the cacao sector in Ecuador for complying limits on Cd in
cacao beans
Specific objectives
• Determine the agronomic and economic impact of the upcoming EU
Cd regulations on the cacao industry
• Investigate mitigation strategies: short term (post-harvest: blending
cacao beans) and long term (agronomic countermeasures)
Project FWO (Ruth Vanderschueren)
• Element mapping in beans at µm resolution
• Develop post harvest strategies to reduce bean Cd

Metodologías y Resultados de investigación sobresalientes (1)
Cacao libre de Cadmio
Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú
Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018
Survey 2017: 159 fields, 571 trees
On each farm 3-4 trees with mature fruits are sampled
Agronomic management information collected from farmers (fertilization, pesticides,
age of plantation, etc)
o Composite peeled bean sample from 1-3 pods
per tree
o Composite soil sample from 6-8 soil cores (0-
15cm) around tree
o Composite sample of leaves
Parameters for analysis
• Leafs and peeled beans: total Cd
• Soil: pH, OC, macro and micro nutrients

Metodologías y Resultados de investigación sobresalientes (2)
Cacao libre de Cadmio
Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú
Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018
pH=4.5
pH=7.5

<0.12
0.25
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.65
1.2
2.7
10
Bean Cd
mg/kg
0.6 “limit”

Propuestas de investigación a mediano plazo
• Liming
• Subsurface liming (gypsum)
• Variety trials in common garden
• Pot trials: root distribution effects
• Stable isotope tracing Cd flows root-leaf-vean
• Washing-fermentation effects
• Economic impact studies
Cacao libre de Cadmio
Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú
Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018

CACAO LIBRE DE CADMIO
Taller regional Colombia - Ecuador -
Perú
Cali, 12-14 Marzo 2018

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Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to fork

1. Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018 Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to fork Erik Smolders, Miet Maertens, Daniela Montalvo, Ruth Vanderschueren, David Arguello, Jose-Luis Vazquez de Castro, Ramon Espinel and Eduardo Chavez KU Leuven, Belgium and ESPOL, Ecuador

2. Objetivo(s) de la investigación Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018 VLIR project 2017-2020 Aim To prepare the cacao sector in Ecuador for complying limits on Cd in cacao beans Specific objectives • Determine the agronomic and economic impact of the upcoming EU Cd regulations on the cacao industry • Investigate mitigation strategies: short term (post-harvest: blending cacao beans) and long term (agronomic countermeasures) Project FWO (Ruth Vanderschueren) • Element mapping in beans at µm resolution • Develop post harvest strategies to reduce bean Cd

3. Metodologías y Resultados de investigación sobresalientes (1) Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018 Survey 2017: 159 fields, 571 trees On each farm 3-4 trees with mature fruits are sampled Agronomic management information collected from farmers (fertilization, pesticides, age of plantation, etc) o Composite peeled bean sample from 1-3 pods per tree o Composite soil sample from 6-8 soil cores (0- 15cm) around tree o Composite sample of leaves Parameters for analysis • Leafs and peeled beans: total Cd • Soil: pH, OC, macro and micro nutrients

4. Metodologías y Resultados de investigación sobresalientes (2) Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018 pH=4.5 pH=7.5

5. <0.12 0.25 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.65 1.2 2.7 10 Bean Cd mg/kg 0.6 “limit”

6. Propuestas de investigación a mediano plazo • Liming • Subsurface liming (gypsum) • Variety trials in common garden • Pot trials: root distribution effects • Stable isotope tracing Cd flows root-leaf-vean • Washing-fermentation effects • Economic impact studies Cacao libre de Cadmio Taller regional Colombia – Ecuador - Perú Cali, marzo 12-14, 2018

7. CACAO LIBRE DE CADMIO Taller regional Colombia - Ecuador - Perú Cali, 12-14 Marzo 2018

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