Bridging the gaps between AR and ARD Challenges and Opportunities- presented by Alain Vidal, Senior Advisor, Capacity Development and Partnerships, CGIAR Consortium at the AKIS-ARCH Workshop, Brussels, 26-27 May 2014

1. Bridging the gaps between AR and ARD
Challenges and Opportunities
Alain Vidal
AKIS-ARCH Workshop, Brussels, 26-27 May 2014
Photo:A.Vidal

2. CGIAR Centers developed high yielding varieties for staple
cereals that were the engine of the Green Revolution

3. CGIAR: agricultural research for a food-secure future

4. CGIAR’s research is carried out by 16 Research Programs
(CRPs), working in close collaboration with hundreds of partners
worldwide

5. Bridging the gaps between AR and ARD
3 examples
• Climate-Smart Agriculture
 Combining mitigation
and adaptation
• The Wheat initiative
• Ecological intensification
through healthier water,
land and ecosystems

6. What is Climate-Smart Agriculture?

7. 2013
Why is CSA important? – Adaptation
Global wheat
and maize
yields: response
to warming

8. 2013
Why is CSA important? – Food
SecurityMaíz
T-Max
T-Max
Yield Yield
Arroz
Climate drives
yield variation:
our systems are
sensitive to
climate, not
resilient to it

9. 2013
Why is CSA important? – Mitigation
13
Agriculture-related activities are
19-29% of global
greenhouse gas emissions (2010)
Agriculture production (e.g.,
fertilizers, rice, livestock,
energy)
Land-use change and
forestry including
drained peatlands
Industrial
processes
Waste
Percent, 100% = 50
gigatonnes CO2e per year
Non-Ag
Energy
70
11
4 2

10. 2013
Why is CSA important? – Mitigation
“Business as usual”
(BAU) agriculture
emissions would
comprise >70% of
allowable emissions to
achieve a 2°C world
Gt CO2e per year
12 15
36
70
2010 2050
(Business as usual)
2050
(2°C target)
Non-agricultural
emissions
Agricultural and land-
use change
emissions
>70%
48
85
21

11. 2013
Significant successes in CSA

12. CHINA Paying for ecosystem services
 2.5 million
farmers paid to
set aside land
and plant trees
Sequestered over
700,000 tonnes of
carbon
2 million ha
rehabilitated
– reducing
erosion
 Increased yields

13. Climate-smart coffee-banana systems
 Microclimate: shading can reduce
temperature by >2° Celsius
 Shade biomass increases carbon
stock→ CC mitigation
 Shade plants increase revenue and
food security for smallholders
income up
> 50%
Van Asten et al (2014)

14. What if…
- we spread agroforestry across Africa?
Analysis based on WRI 2013
Approximate area suitable
for Agroforestry in Africa:
~ 300 Million Ha
140+ Million People below
$1.25 per day

15. What if…
- we spread agroforestry across Africa?
PRODUCTIVITY
Multiple benefits include:
 Reduced soil erosion
 Additional diversified
income from wood
products
 Strengthened drought
resistance from increased
water storage
RESILIENCE
FOOTPRINT
 +615 Calories per
person/day for 140+
Million poor people
 Average yield
increase 50%
 Savings of over
6 Million tons of
synthetic fertilizerAdoption on
150 Million Ha
Adoption on
300 Million Ha
+44 Million Tons
+88 Million Tons
Food Production
Carbon Sequestration
- 1 Gt of CO2e
per year
- 2 Gt of CO2e
per year
Adoption on
150 Million Ha
Adoption on
300 Million Ha
 2 Gt Co2e storage per
year corresponds to
~1/3 of Global Direct
Ag Emissions
 Significantly higher
mitigation potential by
further increasing tree
density and in humid
systems
Agroforestry can be
combined with
other practices such
as water harvesting
for additional
impact.

16. Direct agricultural emissions are spread
across regions and across production sectors
18
Source: FAOStat data from 2010 (accessed 2013); area of pie charts scaled to regional
emissions.
“Ag soils” includes synthetic fertilizers, manure
applied to crops, field application of crop
residues, and nitrous oxide from cultivated
organic soils.

17. Mitigation opportunities by country
19
Source: CEA analysis.
Mitigation opportunities are clustered primarily in the major agricultural economies.

18.  12 million
farmers & 40
different crops
insured
INDIA Weather-based insurance
 Reduces pressure
to bring more land
under cultivation
Reduces
risks
 Allows farmers to
access fertilizer
and better seed

19. Adaptations to deal with higher climate
variability and climate risks
Towards more transformative change
• Better weather forecasts and climate information
reaching farmers, governments, emergency relief
• Social safety nets to help vulnerable people recover
from climate shocks
• Weather insurance in agriculture reaching more
farmers

20. CSA Alliance: AR and ARD institutions united
with International Organizations and NGOs

24. Minimum Goals for 2050
Environmental Goals
Development Goals
Total Agricultural Production
Nutritionally Complete Production
Biodiversity Conserved
Carbon Sequestered Improved Water Quality
Water Conserved
Soil Formed
Food Security Goals
Food Distribution and Access
Conserve agrobiodiversity
Increased Farmer Livelihoods
And Resilience
Improve Human Health
Increase Farm Self Reliance
Adapted from Foley et al 2011
Production Goals
An agriculture that contributes to environmental
protection rather than environmental degradation

25. N-S Partnerships for ecological
intensification

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