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1. 1
AI NEXTCon Seattle ‘18
1/17-20th | Seattle
#ainextcon
http://aisea18.xnextcon.com

2. Oren Etzioni
CEO, Allen Institute
for Artificial Intelligence (AI2)
allenai.org
(Professor, University of Washington)
The Future of AI

3. Outline
I. AI, AlphaGo, and Deep learning
II. Is AI an Existential Risk?
III. AI for the Common Good (AI2)
SemanticScholar.org
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4. What Is AI?
AI is machines doing what humans do:
• Gave rise to a lot of Hollywood scripts
• AI as a noun: “the AI” took over the world…
AI in practice:
• The science & engineering of software to accomplish narrow tasks once thought
to require human intelligence
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5. WE HAVE
CREATED
NARROW AI
AI SAVANTS

6. 6
AlphaGo Case Study

7. What Is the Significance Of AlphaGo?
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8. Haven’t We Seen This Movie Before?
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Deep Blue beats Kasparov in 1997

9. Go Is Far More Difficult Than Chess
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Chess Go
Board Size 8 x 8 19 x 19
Estimated Branching Factor ~35 ~250
Estimated Game Tree Depth 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟓𝟎
Est. Number of possible
games
𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝟕
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟕𝟎
Go board position evaluation is challenging

10. Myth: AlphaGo Shows The Way To AI
Board games are “black and white”
- Discrete moves
- Win/lose è evaluation function
Labeled data is essentially “infinite”
AlphaGo Zero: Self play.
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11. Arthur C. Clarke
“Sufficiently advanced technology is
indistinguishable from magic...”
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Deep Learning isn’t magic!
Source: Etzioni (Wired Magazine 2016)

12. Machine Learning Is 99% Human Work
Deep Learning inputs:
• Target concept
• Algorithm
• Neural network design
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“Figuring out how to optimize
something is a CS problem. But
figuring out what to optimize is not.”
(Nate Silver, paraphrased)

13. My Questions for AlphaGo
• Can you play again?
• Can you play poker?
• Cross the street?
• Can you tell us about
the game?
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No autonomy.
No.
No.
No.
Super-human performance on a
narrow task, does not translate to
human-level performance in
general!

14. Winograd Schemas (Levesque, 2011)
The large ball crashed right through the table because it was
made of styrofoam.
It = table
The large ball crashed right through the table because it was
made of steel.
It = ball
Common-sense knowledge &
tractable reasoning are necessary
for basic understanding!
14
2016 Challenge: 58.33% Correct

15. Paraphrasing Winston Churchill
Deep Learning is not the end,
it is not the beginning of the end,
it's not even the end of the
beginning!
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16. Outline
I. AI, AlphaGo, and Deep Learning
II. Is AI an Existential Risk?
III. AI for the Common Good (AI2)
SemanticScholar.org
16

17. Artificial
Intelligence (AI) is
Like ‘Summoning
the Demon’
17 Source: Terminator Salvation (2009)
Elon Musk Warns…

18. What do the Experts Think?
18 Source: Etzioni (MIT Tech Review 2016)

19. Working to Prevent AI from turning evil is like disrupting
the Space Program to prevent overpopulation on Mars.
19
Andrew Ng

20. Rodney Brooks
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“If you’re worried about The Terminator,
just keep the door closed.”

21. Hollywood Myth: SkyNet
AI will be hegemonic, monolithic, and evil
One AI can be utilized to check
and counterbalance others (Etzioni & Etzioni, 2016)
Research on AI Guardians
Fact: Intelligence ≠ Autonomy
“Autonomous cars” is a misnomer
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22. Outline
I. AI, AlphaGo, and Deep learning
II. Is AI an Existential Risk?
III. AI for the Common Good (AI2)
SemanticScholar.org
22

23. 23
Mission: AI for the
Common Good
Allen Institute For AI (AI2)

24. 24
Intelligent Cars Will reduce accidents

25. 25
Overcoming Information Explosion

26. “It's the absence of AI
technologies that is
already killing people.”
26
Eric Horvitz

27. Moshe Vardi
“We have a moral imperative to
study AI in order to save
people’s lives.”
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28. IMPREGNABLE OFF SWITCH
Proposed Framework for Regulating AI
Source: 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
(Etzioni Op-Ed, 9/1/17)

29. AI Field Is Fast
Moving, Amorphous
AI CARS
AI TOYS
ROBOTS
Regulate AI
Applications

30. Responsibility: an AI is
subject to the laws that
apply to its human
operator
My AI “did it” is not an excuse.
THE DOG ATE MY HOMEWORK…
(Etzioni Op-Ed, 9/1/17)

31. Disclosure: an AI shall disclose that it is not human.
Source: TV Series Finale Humans
(Etzioni Op-Ed, 9/1/17)

32. an AI shall not retain or disclose confidential
information without approval from the source.
Privacy:
AI Barbie
Amazon Echo
Roomba
(Etzioni Op-Ed, 9/1/17)

33. AVOIDING BIAS
An AI shall not
amplify the
Bias in its
training data

34. BOTTOM LINE
AI IS NOT GOOD OR EVIL;
AI IS A TOOL;
A TECHNOLOGY,
Loss of Jobs
Major concern:

35. We Are Hiring! (visit Allenai.org)
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36. 36
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