Deals about the cultivation practice of Chilli

1. Bijay Shrestha
Solanaceous Fruit Vegetable Crops
CHILLI

2. Fruit Vegetable Crops
English Name Nepali Name Scientific Name Family
Tomato गोलभेडा Lycopersicon esculentum Solanaceae
Chilli पिरो खुर्ाानी Capsicum fruitescens Solanaceae
Eggplant भान्टा Solanum melongena Solanaceae
Sweet Pepper भेडे खुर्ाानी Capsicum annum Solanaceae
Okra पभिंडी Abelmoschus esculentus Malvaceae

3. Chilli

4. INTRODUCTION
 Scientific Name- Capsicum fruitescens
 Family- Solanaceae
 English Name- Chilli
 Nepali Name- पिरो खुर्ाानी
 Pungency- due to its capsaicin content
 Originated in Mexico
 It is cultivated in mid hills (from east to far west) of Nepal
 Dalle Khursani (Akabare khursani) is found to fetch the higher price
than other chilli in Nepal (either fresh green or dried)

5. Fun facts:
Dalle Khursani is rated between 100,000 to 350 000 SHU(Scoville Heat
units)

6. Uses
 Chili peppers contain a substance called capsaicin, which gives peppers
their characteristic pungency, producing mild to intense spice when
eaten
 Used in various dishes like curries, pickles and sauces (Culinary uses)
 Natural pain relief, Cardiovascular benefits, Boost immunity, Lose
weight
 High amount ofVitamin C, K, B1, B6 and carotene; also Mg & Fe
 Used for making pepper spray
 Used for making chilli bombs
(that are used as irritant against the
Elephants)

7. Climate and Soil Requirement
 Climate:
A day neutral crop
Cultivated in warm climatic condition where temperature
regime is 18-32°C
Above 35°C, there is no fruit setting and below 10°C the shape
of fruit is distorted.
The plant cannot tolerate frost and below 5°C it dies.
 Soil:
Can be cultivated in various types of soil
Grows best in sandy loam soil with adequate amount of organic
matters
Requires slightly acidic soil with pH range 5.5 to 6.5

8. Variety
 Jwala-
Slender fruit with early maturity type
Can be harvested in 60-70 DAT
Fresh green yield- 25-30 ton/ha
Open pollinated variety
 Karma 747
Hybrid variety and plant height can reach upto 80cm
Can be harvested in 70 DAT
Fresh green yield- 40 ton/ha
 Karma 777
Hybrid variety and plant height can reach upto 80cm
Can be harvested in 65 DAT
Fresh green yield- 60 ton/ha
Other varieties are-Nepa Hot, NS 1701, NS 1101,Akash, Omega, Big
Mama 3, SuperTara etc. (referVariety book for other detail)

9. Land preparation and Manure Application
 Land Preparation:
2-3 deep ploughing along with clearing the weeds and crop debris
Soil should be well pulverized and well levelled
 Manure Application:
Half N and full dose of other fertilizer should be applied at a time of land
preparation
Remaining half dose of N is applied at 18-21DAT and 35-40DAT
S.N. Fertilizer Amount per plant Remark
1 Well decomposed FYM 10kg • This fertilizer is applied at the
time of field preparation by
digging the soil of 1 cubic feet
• If the soil is drier after fertilizer
application then light irrigation is
recommended.
2 DAP 10g
3 Potash 5g
4 Urea 10g
5 Zinc 1g
6 Borax 1g

10. Seed and seedling rate
 For one ropani of land, 50-75g of seed is required.
 Cutting of stem can also be used as propagating material.
 The cutting should contain at least two buds.
Assignment
“Calculate the amount of seedling required for one ropani or one hectare of land.”

11. Time for sowing, transplanting, and harvesting
Domain Sowing time Transplanting time
Harvesting
time
Terai Shrawan-Bhadra Bhadra-Asoj Mangsir-Falgun
Hills (On –
season)
Kartik-Falgun Falgun-Chaitra Jestha-Asar
Hills (Off –
season)
Asar-Shrawan Shrawan-Bhadra Asoj-Kartik
High- hills Falgun-Chaitra Chaitra-Baishakh Asar-Bhadra

12. Nursery Management (Nursery Raising)
 A net area of about 100-150m2 is required to raise the seedlings for one
hectare of land
 Generally the nursery beds are prepared in size of 1m width and 10-15cm
height
 During rainy season, to prevent excessive moisture it is better to make roof of
plastic over nursery and raise seed bed up to 30cm to prevent waterlogging
 Tunnel can be constructed with dimensions of 10m long and 5 m width with
plastic roof.
 Well-decomposed farmyard manure is properly mixed into the topsoil of the
beds at the rate of 5–7 kg/m²
 After preparing raised beds make 2–3 cm deep tiny U-shaped furrows 10 cm
apart with the help of a small stick
 Drop the seed with the help of your thumb, forefinger and middle finger
 Cover the seed with fine sand or fine soil compost mixture or with ash
depending on availability
 Frost prone area should use mulching to avoid damage to plant

13. Transplanting of Seedlings
 During winter as seedlings that are 4–6 weeks old with 4–6 true leaves
are ready for transplanting.
 Transplanting is preferably done in the evening.
 Moistening nursery beds before lifting the seedlings make their removal
easy without causing much injury to the root system.
 Select only healthy and strong seedlings for transplanting.
 Transplanted seedling should be irrigated regularly for 5 days after
transplanting.

14. Transplanting of Seedlings
Variety Planting Distance (cm)
Plant P-P R-R
On Season 30 (Winter ) or 45 (Rainy) 60
Off-season 60 80

15. Top dressing, weeding and irrigation
 After 18-21DAT, light hoeing should be done and first dose of remaining
half of N should be top dressed by forming a ring around the plant.
 Second top dressing should be done after 35-40DAT after weeding
 After each top dressing the soil should be earthen up.
 Irrigation should be given according to soil moisture content
 Winter – at an interval of 10-15 days
 Summer- at an interval of 7-10 days
 After harvesting has begun, the mixture of cow urine and water should
be applied or sprayed to each plant (50-100ml per plant).
 Mixture should be in 1:5 ratio of cow urine and water.

16. Staking
 Staking is done necessary when it is grown as biennial crops.
 Staking not only increases the yield and improve its quality but also
reduces the infection by fungal diseases.
 Staking is done in similar pattern as tomato.

17. Harvesting
 Harvesting of chili depends upon the variety and season of growing.
 First harvest starts at 60-70 days after transplanting.
 Quality and quantity of the chili increases after second harvest.
 Up to 10 harvesting can be taken in one season.
 On an average, 350-450kg of fresh fruit is harvested from one ropani.
 Harvested fruits can be stored after sun drying for 3-4 days.

18. Diseases and pests of Chili:
PESTS :
 Thrips
 Whitefly
 Leaf miner
 Cutworms
Write about symptom and control of given d/s and pests.
Submit Next Friday
DISEASES:
• Damping off
• Leaf spot
• Early blight
• Late blight
• Anthracnose
• Bacterial wilt
• Leaf curl virus

19. Thank You