1. Shree sai shikshan Sanstha’s
Nagpur institute of technology
•Basics of Mechanical Engineering
•Prof. D.M.Lade
2. INFO
•NAME – AMAN SHARAD NAMPALLIWAR
•CLASS / SECTION – ‘B’
•ROLL NO . - 04
3. WHAT IS MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• The term manufacturing refers to the processing of raw
materials or parts into finished goods through the use of tools,
human labor, machinery, and chemical processing.
• Manufacturing allows businesses to sell finished products at
a higher cost than the value of the raw materials used. Large-
scale manufacturing allows for goods to be mass-produced
using assembly line processes and advanced technologies
as core assets. Efficient manufacturing techniques enable
manufacturers to take advantage of economies of scale,
producing more units at a lower cost.
4. CLASSIFICATION OF MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
•
1. Forming Processes:
In the metal industry, some of the primary forming operations may take place such as the rolling of basic
shapes in steel, aluminium etc. Some of the common shapes so obtained from these processes are bars,
sheets, billets, I-beams etc. Which are standard shapes. These shapes can be used for further processing.
Other forming processes may be drop-forging, stamping, extrusion, press work, punching, drawing etc.
2. Moulding Processes:
Some products require moulding processes such as sand casting, die-casting etc. to get basic shape or
form which may or may not require further processing. The selection of the particular process will
depend upon to size of the job, quantity to be produced, accuracy, and complexity desired and economy.
3. Machining Processes:
Metal machining is accomplished through basic machine tool processes which involve the
generation of cylindrical surfaces, flat surfaces, complex curves and holes. The machine tools
selected to accomplish this task depend on the size and shape of the part to be machined, the
quality of finish required and production rate required.
The examples of such processes are: turning, shaping, drilling, boring, grinding etc. In these
machining operations metal is removed from the part in the form of small chips by the cutting
action of tool. The cutting action is accomplished by either rotating or reciprocating action of the
tool relating to the part.
5. • 4. Assembly Processes:
• These processes assemble the parts and materials using welding, riveting, soldering, brazing,
mechanical fastening and adhesive joining etc.
• 5. Finishing Processes:
• These processes are carried out for the aesthetic aspects, to achieve accuracy, surface finish or to
increase life of the product. Such processes include cleaning, blasting, deburring, puffing, honing,
lapping, polishing, painting etc.
6. EXPLAIN MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• Process manufacturing is a production method that creates goods by
combining supplies, ingredients or raw materials using a formula or recipe.
It is frequently used in industries that produce bulk quantities of goods,
such as food, beverages, refined oil, gasoline, pharmaceuticals, chemicals
and plastics.
• The production process often requires a thermal or chemical conversion,
such as with heat, time or pressure. As a result, a product created through
process manufacturing cannot be disassembled into its constituent parts.
For example, once it is produced, a soft drink cannot be broken down into
its separate ingredients.
• Process manufacturing relies on the flow of sequential steps, with the
completion of one step leading to the start of the next step. Process
manufacturers often rely on tracing and scheduling tools and software to
maintain peak operational efficiency.
7. EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHOPS
1. MACHINE SHOP
A.LATHE MACHINE:
• A lathe is a machine tool that rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation to
perform various operations such
as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, deformation, facing, and turning, with
tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about
that axis.[1]
• A metalworking lathe from 1911, showing component parts:
a: bed
b: carriage (with cross-slide and tool post)
c: headstock
d: back gear (other gear train nearby drives lead screw)
e: cone pulley for a belt drive from an external power source
f: faceplate mounted on spindle
g: tailstock
h: leadscrew
• A watchmaker using a lathe to prepare a component cut from copper for a
watch
• Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, thermal
spraying, parts reclamation, and glass-working. Lathes can be used to
shape pottery, the best-known design being the Potter's wheel. Most suitably
equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of
revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes
8. B. MILLING MACHINE
• Milling is the process of machining using rotary cutters to remove
material[1] by advancing a cutter into a workpiece. This may be done
by varying direction[2] on one or several axes, cutter head speed,
and pressure.[3] Milling covers a wide variety of different operations
and machines, on scales from small individual parts to large, heavy-
duty gang milling operations. It is one of the most commonly used
processes for machining custom parts to precise tolerances.
• A 3-axis clone of a Bridgeport-style vertical milling machine
• Milling can be done with a wide range of machine tools. The original
class of machine tools for milling was the milling machine (often
called a mill). After the advent of computer numerical control (CNC)
in the 1960s, milling machines evolved into machining centers:
milling machines augmented by automatic tool changers, tool
magazines or carousels, CNC capability, coolant systems, and
enclosures. Milling centers are generally classified as vertical
machining centers (VMCs) or horizontal machining centers (HMCs).
• The integration of milling into turning environments, and vice versa,
began with live tooling for lathes and the occasional use of mills for
turning operations. This led to a new class of machine tools,
multitasking machines (MTMs), which are purpose-built to facilitate
milling and turning within the same work envelope.
9. C. SHAPER MACHINE
• Shaping machine is a popular form unit used in workshops. It is
used for cutting curves, angles and various shapes from the
work piece. It comes in different sizes, specifications and tooling
and can be used for various metal or wood cutting
requirements. As compared to lathe or milling, shaping are
much affordable and are best tools for shaping flat metal or
wood surfaces.
• Apart from these various other kinds of tools like saws, drills,
chisels, routers, planers, shapers etc are employed in workshops
for efficient processing. All these machine tools come in
different specifications and can be selected as per specific
requirements for needs in a workshop. For those looking to buy
tools for workshop, We can offer the best quality, reliable units
at cost effective pricing.
10. D. DRILLING MACHINE
• We are engaged in supplying an extensive range of Drill
Machines. Our association with established vendors
helps us in meeting all kinds of diverse needs of our
clients for drill machines. Made of superior quality
material, these machines are precision engineered and
are appreciated for their accuracy, fine finish and
stability.
11. 2. FITTING SHOP
• Fitting is the assembling together of parts and
removing metals to secure the necessary fit is
called fitting. An operator who does the fitting
job is called fitter. Fitting involves certain
amount of bench work using hand tools or
power operated tools. The various operations
involved in fitting are filing, marking, sawing,
chipping, drilling, reaming, tapping, etc.
12. 3. CASTING SHOP
• Casting is a manufacturing process in which a
liquid material is usually poured into a mold,
which contains a hollow cavity of the desired
shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified
part is also known as a casting, which is ejected
or broken out of the mold to complete the
process. Casting materials are usually metals or
various time setting materials that cure after
mixing two or more components together;
examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay.
Casting is most often used for making complex
shapes that would be otherwise difficult or
uneconomical to make by other methods. Heavy
equipment like machine tool beds, ships'
propellers, etc. can be cast easily in the required
size, rather than fabricating by joining several
small pieces.[1] Casting is a 7,000-year-old
process. The oldest surviving casting is a copper
frog from 3200 BC
13. 4. WELDING SHOP
• Welding shop usually involves heavy equipment
and as such should be provided with a concrete
floor, preferably at ground level. To avoid fire
risks, the structure should be fire resistant. In
order to remove smoke generated by welding,
the room should be properly ventilated and
provision for localised exhaust ventilation
(adjustable type) be also made.
• A monorail or a double rail crane system helps
to provide easy movement of equipment and
material in and out of the room. Safety
equipment like fire extinguishers, first aid etc.
should be readily available.
14. 5. SIMTHY SHOP
• A smithy is a place where blacksmiths do their
work, heating, and shaping metal, especially to
make tools. Smithy or Forging is the oldest
shaping process used for producing small articles
for which accuracy in size is not so important. The
parts are shaped by heating them in an open fire
or hearth by the blacksmith and shaping them
through applying compressive forces using a
hammer.
15. 6. CARPENTRY SHOP
• Carpentry Workshop is a practical workshop for the
1st and 2nd semester students so that they will get
exposure and knowledge about carpentry and
various types of wooden joints, many of which will
be useful to understand the subjects like Building
Construction, Graphics and Building Materials.
• The total area of the workshop is 115 sqm.
Carpentry is the process of shaping Timber using
hand tools. Carpentry work mainly involves the
joining together of wooden pieces and finishing the
surfaces after shaping them.
• The student will be studying the fundamentals of
wood working as they should know about timber
and other carpentry materials, wood working tools,
carpentry operations and the method of making
common types of joints.
