Essential elements of society, biosocial & socio-cultural systems

1. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
SOCIETY,
BIO SOCIAL & SOCIO-
CULTURAL SYSTEMS
By Syed Aziz

2. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
SOCIETY:1. Likeness or Similarity
2. Difference
3. Interdependence
4. Cooperation
5. Organization
6. Social Relationship
7. We-Feeling
8. Social Groups
9. Society is Dynamic
10. Social Control
11. Comprehensive Culture

3. LIKENESS OR SIMILARITY
“society means likeness. It exists among the like-beings, like-bodied
and like-minded. It is likeness which provides comfort and it causes
various institutions and associations to exist and continue.
The similarity which we find in social relationship of human beings is
based upon the identity of interests, objectives, needs, traditions, etc.
Thus very foundation of society rests on similarity or likeness.

4. DIFFERENCE
Society also involves differences. Differences within the society are
not excluded.
There can be little doubt about the fact that social relationship of the
people would be restricted to a great extent in the absence of
differences.
People are not alike, they are different from one another in respect
of their ability, capacity, interests, tendency etc. These differences are
either natural or they can be developed in course of the process of
socialization and specialization.
Human beings differ from one another in respect of rights and
duties, thoughts, ideal etc.
Thus both likenesses and differences are considered to be equally

5. INTERDEPENDENCE
It is not possible for a human being to satisfy his needs in isolation.
He needs society because his nature compels him to live in it. He can
by no means cut adrift from society.
Society fulfils all the needs of the people.
Not only countries, but also continents have felt the need for inter-
dependence these days.
In this way interdependence is considered to be an essentials
element of society

6. COOPERATION
Co-operation may be direct or indirect and it plays a vital role in
every human society. People cannot lead a happy and comfortable life
without co-operation.
No society can be healthy and prosperous without co-operation
these days. It is a difference to mutual destructiveness of groups with
opposing interests.
Consequently it leads to the protection of resources and results in
economy.

7. ORGANIZATION
Organization is an organized group of people with a particular
purpose, such as a business or government department.
A Social Organization is a pattern of relationships between and
among individuals and Social groups.
Every society has its own individual and unique organization.
Social organizations happen in everyday life. Many people belong to
various social structures—institutional and informal. These include
clubs, professional organizations, and religious institutions.

8. SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP
Society consists of social relations, customs, laws, etc.
These social relations are intangible and unseen. People only feel or
realize these relations.
In social science, a social relation or social interaction is
any relationship between two or more individuals.
This includes relationships between family members, friends,
neighbors, coworkers, and other associates
Thus they do not have any concrete form and therefore society is
abstract.

9. WE-FEELING
Society is based on we-feeling which means a feeling of belonging
together.
Member of these group has feelings of attachment, sympathy and
affection towards the other members of these groups. This groups
are generally based on a consciousness of kind.
This we-feeling makes society identifiable and distinct people in
comparison to other.
It is the we-feeling which can distinguish societies from one
another.

10. SOCIAL GROUP
A society is the social group. It encompasses all other social groups
that exist among the people.
 a social group can be defined as two or more people who interact
with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a
sense of unity.
Example: A family living in a home, group of employees working in a
same organization, group of classmates, a group of members of a
meeting and so on.

11. SOCIETY IS DYNAMIC
Society is not static. It is dynamic. Change is ever present in society.
No society can even remain constant for any length of time. Society
is like water in a stream or river that forever flows.
It is-always in a flux. Old men die and new one are born. New
associations and institutions and groups may come into being and
old ones may dies a natural death.
Changes may take place in every society slowly and gradually or
suddenly and abruptly.

12. SOCIAL CONTROL
Society has its own ways and means of controlling the behavior of its
members.
Co-operation exists in society. But side by side competitions,
conflicts, tensions, revolts are also there. They appear and re-appear
off and on. They are to be controlled. The behavior or the activities of
people are to be controlled.
Society has various formal and informal means of social control.
The informal means of social control are customs, traditions,
conventions and folkways, norms and so on.
the formal means of social control are law, legislation, constitution,
police, court, army and so on.

13. COMPREHENSIVE CULTURE
Each society is distinct from the other. Every society is unique
because it has own way of life, called culture.
Culture refers to the social heritage of man.
It includes the whole range of our life. It includes our attitudes,
judgments, morals, values, beliefs, ideas, ideologies and institutions.
Culture is the expression of human nature in our ways of living and
thinking, in behaving and acting as members of society.

14. BIO SOCIAL & SOCIO-CULTURAL
SYSTEMS
The term 'Bio-social system' stands for animal society whereas the
expression 'socio-cultural system' represents human society
All non-human societies that are called ‘bio-social’ are not alike. For
instance, between a termite and a bird society we find wide
differences. The termites have an elaborate division of labor, a tight
cohesiveness and a well constructed social environment.
On the contrary, the birds have minimum of these qualities. A
greater amount of flexibility is found in their individual behavior. But
the social actions of termites and birds are essentially inherited.

15. BIO SOCIAL & SOCIO-CULTURAL
SYSTEMS
The bio-social systems are thus largely hereditary in character. Each
kind of such society whether of termites or of birds, or of bees, is
characteristic of the species as a whole. It means the species as a
whole reveal the same characteristics throughout the world.
In the case of human society, such uniformity is not found. Though
all the human beings belong to the same species- the ‘homo sapiens’
their social patterns differ from place to place and time to time.
These social patterns are not determined by heredity, but by cultural
transmission.

16. THANK YOU