Toxic plant for animal usually available in Bangladesh and Indian subcontinent.

1. Poisonous Plant of Animal
Presented By
Avijit Dhar
MS Fellow, Dairy Science
CVASU
Email; abhiovi@yahoo.com

2. WHITE OLEANDER (Sheta karabi)
English name:
White oleander
Local name:
Sheta karabi
Scientific name:
Nerium oleander

3. Toxic principles and properties:
Neriodecin, Neriodorein, Neriene, Oleadrine,
Neriantine, Pseudocuraine, Nerioside, Nerianthoside.
Toxic dose:
Horse, cattle, sheep: 30-60 gm leaves
Dog: 30-60gm dried leaves
Cat: 2-5 gm dried leaves
Pigeon: 3gm dried leaves
Toxic part:
Leaves, fruits, flowers.

4. Clinical signs:
Anorexia,
Nausea,
Vomitting,
Abdominal pain,
Diarrhoea,
Tenesmus,
Arrythmias,
Ventricular premature systoles.
Antidotes:
Salicylic acid may be used. But no specific antidote
is available.

5. Treatment:
Treatment is not possible often found dead. No specific
antidote is available.
Treatment should be aimed at reducing the level of
toxicants in the gastrointestinal tract by administrating
emetics(apomorphine), osmotic or saline cathartics.
 Administration of gastric demulcents.
 Administration of atropine in conjugation with
propranolol.
 Administration of sedatives and tranquilizer.
 Providation of artificial respiration.
Administration of phenytoin or lodocaine to improve
atrio-ventricular conduction.

6. Sweet clover
Scientific name:
Meliotus alba
Poisonous part : Whole
plant.
Toxic principal :
Dicumarol
(Bishydroxycoumarin)
Toxic dose : No specific
dose.(minimum 90 ppm)

7. Toxic effect :
Excessive bleeding,Bruising,
Blood in feces & urine,
Lameness,
Hemorrhage,
First indication is death of one & more animals.
Affected animals show stiffness, epistaxis , GI
bleeding.
Treatment :
Cattle: Vit k1 I/M, 1mg/kg body weight .
Vit k1 is more effective than Vit k3.
Prevention :
Avoiding feeding sweet clover hay or silage.
Well-cured sweet clover is not dangerous.

8. WATER HYACINTH
Local Name: Kochuri pana
English name:
Water hyacinth
Scientific name:
Eichhornia crassipes
Toxic part: Whole plants with
roots, leafs
Toxic principle: Oxalate

9. Toxic dose :
When Kochuripana contains lead (200 mg/kg DM)
and high level of arsenic, it causes toxicity.
Toxic effect :
Weight loss
Hepatic failure
Renal lesions
Tetany
Irritation in the mouth

10. Treatment:
 Antidote : Digitalis
 Infusion of potassium.
 Atropine to block vagus nerve.
 Other supportive and symptomatic
therapy.
 Antidote is now available in the form of
antidigoxin immunotherapy.

11. BASKOROL
Bengali name: Baskorol
English name: Bamboo shoot
Scientific name: Bamoo sp
Toxic part: Leaf,soft bamboo
Toxic principle: Cyanogenic
glycoside (taxiphyllin),mainly
amygdalin
Toxic dose: Minimum is lethal,
orally – 2-3mg/kg bw

12. Poisonous effect :
Per acutely - die within few minutes
Acutely – dyspnea, convulsion .
Prominent clinical sign(s):
Cyanogenic glycoside in fresh bamboo shoots
may lead to food poisoning when consumed.
Symptoms occur within a few minutes and may
include constriction of the throat, nausea,
vomiting, headache and death has been reported
in severe cases.

13. Treatment:
Sodium thiosulfate:
Dose:
cattle: 0.5gm /kg bw ; IV (30 to 40% W/V
solution);Give rapidly using a 12-14 gauge needle.
 Horse: 30 to 40 mg/kg bw; IV (20% solution);
pretreat with 16 mg/kg sodium nitrite IV;Use as a
source of sulfur.
Management:
To render the bamboo shoots safe for consumption, fresh
bamboo shoots should be sliced into smaller pieces and
cooked thoroughly.

14. TOBACCO
English name: Tobacco
Local name: Tamak
Scientific name:
Nicotiana tobacum
Toxic part: Leaf and root
Toxic principle: Nicotine
(It is alkaloid in nature and
occasionally used as
insecticide.)

15. Toxic dose: Lethal dose of nicotine is 50mg/kg for rats;4
mg cause clinical sign 60 mg cause death at once time
Clinical signs: signs of toxicosis reflect the stimulation
of autonomic ganglia followed by their paralysis. Clinical
signs appear within few minutes and are characterized by
excitement,
rapid respiration,
salivation,
nausea,
vomition,
muscular weakness ,
straggering.

16. Treatment and management :treatment of
nicotine poisoning is usually unsuccessful.
In very early stages of poisoning , a non-depolarizing
type of ganglion blocker that can also cross blood brain
barrier(e.g. mechamylamine) may be of some use.
However, in later stages, it may precipitate toxicity.
 Respiratory and heart stimulant
Systemic treatment can be applied
Removing the material by washing or gastric lavage
with tannic acid or potassium permanganate.
If the animal is already depressed state and muscles
are flaccid , no drug can help. Artificial respiration
becomes only means of keeping the animals alive but
this too usually fails.

17. Oak
Local name: Oak
English name: Oak
Scientific name:
Quercus incana (India, China)
Toxic dose:
150mg/kg body weight

18. Toxic part: Leaves, acrons (fruit of oak, consisting of a
single seeded, thick walled nut set a woody, cuplike base)
Clinical signs:
1. Anorexia
2. Lack of rumination
3. Tucked up abdomen indicating abdominal pain
4. Thrust
5. Ruminal atony
6. Severe constipation
7. Dry & pelleted feces with shiny coat of mucus
Neurological effects: tremor, grinding of teeth, ataxia,
depression

19. Treatment:
 Remove the cause or source of intoxication.
 Administer gastrointestinal demulcent,
liquid paraffin, mild mucilaginous laxatives.
 Give hepatoprotective agents .
 Administer mineralocorticoids
 Give easily digestible feed.
 Provide fluid and electrolyte therapy

20. FOX GLOVE
Local name : Fox glove.
Bengali name : Fox glove.
Scientific name :
Digitalis purpurea.
Toxic principle:
Cardiac glycosides
(digitoxin,digoxin,gitoxin).
Poisonous part :
Herbage (fresh and dried).

21. Toxic dose : 12-25mg/kg bwt.
Daily dose 0.25-0.50mg/kg bwt
Toxic effect:
Nausea,
Slow pulse
Vomiting
abdominal pain,
Diarrhea
unusual color vision etc.
Antidote: Digitalis.

22. Radish
Local name:
Radish
English name:
Radish
Scientific name:
Raphanus raphanisternum
Toxic principle:
Isothiocyanates which
irritate the digestive tract

23. Toxic part:
Seeds
Clinical sign:
Gastrointestinal upset
Colic
Weight loss
Treatment management:
Avoid feeding of raw radish.
Toxic effect of cooked radish is lower than raw
radish.

24. Red Clover
Common name: Red
clover,Cow clover,Meadow
clover, Purple clover,Trefoil.
Scientific name:
Trifolium pratense
Toxic principle:
Isoflavones
Toxic dose:
More than 4gm/1.5-3 ml
Toxic part: Whole plant

25. Clinical sign:
 1.Pronounced hipersalivation, lacrimation
 2.Piloeraction.
 3.Respiratory distress.
 4.Diarrhoea.
 5.Decreased feed intake.
 6.Long term use increase the risk of heart disease and
breast and endometrial cancer.
 7.May increase the risk of excessive bleeding.
Treatment:
 1)Remove source of contaminated feed.
 2)Ensure proper drying of forage during haying.
 3)Toxin degrades over time in stored hay

26. Rakto Karobi
Bengali name:
Rakto karobi
English name:
Red oleander
Scientific name:
Nerrium indicum
Toxic principle: Thevitin
Toxic part: leaves, extract
and flower

27. Toxic dose: Foal, Calf, Children: 1 seed
Cattle, Horse, Man: 5 to 10 seeds
Clinical signs:
Gastrointestinal signs:
Acute exposure: This are first to be observed with a
few minutes to 1-2 hours and are characterized by
anorexia,nausea,vomition,abdominal pain,diarrhea.
Cardiovascular sign:
Slowing of heart, arrhythmias,ventricular premature
systole,general body temperature raised and pulse is rapid

28. Dhutra
Local name: Dhutra
Scientific name: Datura innoxia
Poisonous parts :Seeds
Poisonous principal:
Alkaloids such as scopolamine,
hyoscyamine, and atropine
Poisonous effects:
Dryness of mouth,
delirium,
fever,
Convulsion

29. Local name: Hijal
Scientific name:
Barringtonia acutangula
Poisonous parts :
Fruits
Poisonous effects:
Fruit causes severe
vomiting
Hijal

30. Local name:
Swarnalata
Scientific name:
Cuscuta reflexa
Poisonous parts :Whole plant
Poisonous effects:
Antifertility,
decoction causes nausea,
vomiting and
abortion.
Swarnalata

31. Local name:
Ghora Neem
Scientific name:
Melia sempervirens
Poisonous parts : Fruits
Poisonous effects:
Fruits produce nausea-
spasm and
choleric symptoms.
Ghora Neem

32. Local name: Akanda
Scientific name:
Calotropis gigantea
Poisonous parts :
Latex, leaves
Poisonous effects: Latex is
violent purgative,
abortifacient, infanticide,
leaves are homicidal poison.
Akanda

33. Questions???