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1. The Hitties

2. Introduction
Who are the Hittites?
• The Hittites were an ancient people that resided in Asia
Minor’s Anatolia region, which is now Turkey. The Hittites
were said to be descendants of Ham, one of Noah’s sons,
according to the Bible. During the 14th to 11th centuries, the
Hittites rose to tremendous power and riches, eventually
forming the formidable Hatti Empire.

3. Early History

4. Early History
• Until early twentieth-century archaeological
finds, little was known about them.
• Around 3000 B.C.E., they migrated from northern
Europe to Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey).
• During the mid-1300s BCE, the Hittite Empire
grew to great proportions, spreading across Asia
Minor, the northern Levant, and Upper
Mesopotamia.

5. The Hittite
Civilization
• Due to the domestication of horses, the Hittites,
like many Indo-Europeans, were able to travel large
distances and migrate to new countries. Pastoralists
and agrarian civilizations benefited from the
expansion of technology like the wheel and wagon,
which were also utilized in ancient Mesopotamia
and other early civilizations in the region.
• They able to build an Empire during 1900 B.C.E and
stretched from Aegan sea to Euphrates River.
• Built a second empire during 1500-1200 B.C.E. It
includes the Asia Minor, Palestine and Syria.

6. Economy
• Link between Mesopotamia and western Asia
• Had monopoly on Armenian and European metals for hundreds of
years
• Developed iron for tools and weapons
• Wealth from trade of gold, iron, lead, and silver
• Trade shown in numerous excavated clay tablets

7. Culture

8. Language
• The Hittite language was part of the Indo-
European language family, which includes
languages spoken in the Americas, Europe, and
Western and Southern Asia today.
• According to nineteenth-century archaeology,
the Hittites got their name from their initial
identification with the Biblical Hittites. The
Hittites are commonly thought to have lived
among the Israelites.

9. The Bronze age and
Iron Age
• Although the Hittites flourished during the Bronze Age,
beginning around 3000 BCE, they were forerunners of the
Iron Age, beginning to produce iron artifacts around 1400
BCE. This is significant because the Hittites’ use of iron and
steel resulted in more efficient tools and weapons than
bronze. There are several theories as to how the Hittites
developed this technology. According to some academics,
the Hittites experimented with metalworking for years
before discovering a smelting method that would melt
iron, which melts at a greater temperature than other
metals like copper or tin. It’s also likely that the Hittites
picked up part of this technology from inhabitants in
western Iran’s Zagros Mountains. Trading partners of the
Hittites

10. Art
- Crude
- Stone lions at city
entrances
- Carvings of animals and
warriors

11. Religion and Beliefs
The Hittite pantheon—a collection of all
the gods in a polytheistic religion—
featured storm gods prominently. Tarhunt
was dubbed “The Conqueror,” “King of
Kummiya,” “King of Heaven,” and “Lord of
Hatti.” He was the deity of war and
triumph, particularly over foreign foes. This
could indicate that the Hittites valued
military prowess.

12. Government
The king was the head of the Hittite state,
with the heir-apparent—one of the king’s
offspring born into the position of
succeeding him—following him. However,
some officials exercised independent
authority over various branches of the
government, implying that the king did not
have complete control over the kingdom.

13. The Battle of Kadesh
Provide a brief summary of your presentation.
Remind the audience what you covered in the previous slides.

14. Battle Of Kadesh
The Battle of Kadesh, which took place in
1274 BCE, pitted the Hittites against the
Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II’s army. This
battle is significant because both sides
claimed victory, resulting in the world’s
first known peace treaty, which was signed
in 1258 BCE.

15. Conflict between Hittites
and Egyptians
Pharaoh Ramesses II resolved to force the Hittites
out of Egypt after they made inroads into the
Egyptian realm and caused difficulties for Pharaoh
Tutmoses III. He hoped to gain an advantage by
capturing Kadesh, a major commercial center held
by the Hittites. Ramesses led a force of roughly
20,000 warriors divided into four divisions from
Egypt to confront the Hittite king Muwatalli's
forces.

16. Battle
• Both the Egyptian and Hittite armies were quite
evenly matched, which is likely why they were able
to win. The Egyptian chariots were speedier since
they only had two people on board, whereas the
Hittite chariots had an extra person on board,
allowing each chariot to throw more spears. The
Egyptian and Hittite military technology was
among the most advanced of its time, thanks to the
use of chariots and iron tools, which were stronger
than bronze ones. Both civilizations had powerful
states and the ability to send troops to war to fight
for control of their empires.

17. The Aftermath
Ramesses stated that Egypt had won a
major victory: he had vanquished his
adversary in combat. Muwatalli also
declared victory due to the fact that he did
not lose Kadesh. The Treaty of Kadesh, the
world's first peace treaty, was significant
because it demonstrated big civilizations'
ability to judge whether or not they were at
war with one another.

18. Reference
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-
beginnings/ancient-egypt-hittites/a/the-
hittites#:~:text=The%20Hittites%20were%20an%20ancient%20group%20of%
20Indo%2DEuropeans%20who,northern%20Levant%20and%20Upper%20Me
sopotamia.