The document discusses plant reproduction processes including sporogenesis, gametogenesis, fertilization, and flower and seed development. Sporogenesis involves the production of microspores and megaspores through microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. Gametogenesis then follows, where the spores undergo mitosis and differentiation to become gametes. Fertilization involves the fusion of male and female gametes, followed by development of the flower into fruit and seed.
3. Sporogenesis: Production of micro and megaspores
is known as sporogenesis.
In anthers, microspores are formed through microsporogensis and in
ovules, the megaspores are formed through megasporogenesis.
4.
5. Megasporogenesis
A single sporophytic cell inside the ovule, which underg
o meiotic division to form haploid megaspore, is called
megaspore mother cell (MMC) and the process is called
megasporogenesis.
Each MMC produces four megaspores out of which thre
e degenerate resulting in a single functional megaspore.
6. Gametogenesis Usually the immediate end pro
ducts of meiosis are not fully developed into g
ametes or spores a period of maturation com
monly follows meiosis. In plants one or more
mitotic division are required to produce reprod
uctive spores. Whereas in animals the meiotic
products develop directly into gametes throug
h growth and diffentiation. The entire process
of producing natural gametes or spores of whi
ch meiotic division is the most important part i
s called gametogenesis.
10. Incomplete flowers
• Flowers are complete if they have all pa
rts, and perfect if they have both male
and female parts.
• Grass flowers: incomplete, usually impe
rfect (separate male and female flower
s)
• A tulip is complete (though the sepals a
re the same color as the petals) and per
fect.
