2. There are five kingdoms of classification of organisms. There are
millions of different types of organisms ranging from single-celled
microorganisms like bacteria to large-sized plants like mango and
pine trees and the huge-sized animals like elephants and whales.
For studying diversity in living organisms, these are grouped
according to the increasing similarity and from the less complex to
more and more complex types. The kingdom Animalia includes
multicellular organisms without cell wall, without chlorophyll, usually
mobile, and obtaining food by either sucking or eating,etc.
The kingdom Animalia is divided into nine major phyla.
3. Phylum Porifera
The phylum Porifera are the simplest multicellular animals. Their body consists of a
hollow tube. There is no single mouth but many pores or canals are present in the body
wall. From this water the sponges capture their food. A single large opening on the top is
the exit for water. The sponges usually have a skeleton of microscopic spicules or elastic
sponging fibres. Sponges are any of the primitive multicellular aquatic animals that
constitute the phylum Porifera.
Sycon
Sycon is a genus of calcareous sponges . These
sponges are small, growing up to 7.5 cm and having
length from 2.5 to 7.5cm, an are tube-shaped and
often white to cream in colour
Bathsponge
Spongia officinalis, better known as Bathsponge, is
a commercially used sponge. It is a hermaphroditic
animal. When alive, it’s colour is dark grey; upon
drying it becomes either yellow or brown.
4. Phylum Cnidaria
In cnidarians a two layered body wall encloses a single cavity in
which digestion takes place. The cavity opens by a mouth at one end
only. There are tentacles to catch food organisms.
Sea Anemone
Sea anemone are soft-bodied, primarily sedentary
marine animals resembling flowers. Their cylindrical
body may be thick and short or long and slender. Sea
anemones have no solid skeleton but may secrete a
horney covering.
Jellyfish
A jellyfish has no skeleton, and more than nine tenth of
it’s body is jellylike. A typical jellyfish may be umbrella-
shaped, with few or many feelers, or tentacles. Simple
muscles on the underside contract the body much like
the closing of an umbrella and enable the jellyfish to
swim
5. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Platyhelminthes are small, soft, flattened, unsegmented worms without a body
cavity. The alimentary canal has only one opening, the mouth. Most of the flatworms live
inside or on other animals as parasites, but few are free, living in the sea or fresh water.
Planarian
Planarians have a dull-coloured body which is
elongated and fringed with feelers called cilia.
The spade-shaped head has two eyes and
sometimes tentacles. Planarians range in length
from 3 millimetres to 30 centimetres.
Tapeworm
Tapeworm range in size from about 1mm to more
than 15m. Tapeworms are bilaterally symmetrical.
The head, or scolex, bears suckers and often
hooks, which are used for attachment to the host.
The body covering is a thick cuticle, through which
food is absorbed.
6. Phylum Nematoda
Phylum Nematoda are long, cylindrical and unsegmented, without a body
cavity. The alimentary canal opens at two ends, mouth and anus. They are
mostly parasitic but some live free in the soil.
Ascaris
Ascaris are typically large worms characterized by a
mouth surrounded by three lips. Ascaris are probably
the most familiar parasite in humans.
Eelworm
Eelworms are so called because they resemble miniature
eels. Most eelworms are 0.1 to 1.5 millimetres long. They
are found in all parts of the world. Free-living worms occur
in salt-water, fresh-water, and damp soil. Parasitic forms
are found in roots of many plants.
7. Phylum Annelida
Annelid worms are cylindrical and divided into ringlike structures. An annelid worm has a well-
developed digestive system with the alimentary canal open at both ends, with a mouth and
anus. They have a true body cavity, the coelom.
Leech
A leech is a segmented worm characterized by a small
sucker, which contains the mouth, at the anterior end of
the body and a large sucker located at the posterior end.
Leeches occur primarily in fresh water and on land.
Earthworm
The earthworm body is divided into ringlike segments.
Some internal organs, including the excretory organs are
duplicated in each segment. Earthworms cannot see or
hear, but they are sensitive to both light and vibrations.
Earthworms are nocturnal.
8. Phylum Arthropoda
This phylum has the largest number of species in the animal kingdom. These animals
have jointed limbs, one pair each on some or on all body segments. There is an
exoskeleton made of chitin. They cast off their exoskeleton during growth in early life,
which is regrown.
Crab
The crabs’ tails are curled under the thorax, or
midsection. The carapace (upper body shield) is usually
broad. The first pair of legs is modified into chelae, or
pincers. Crabs are often omnivorous and act as
scavengers, but many are predatory and some are
vegetarian
Centipede
Centipede is a long, flattened, segmented and
predaceous arthropod. It’s each segment except the
hindmost bears one pair of legs. They move rapidly on
fro 14 to 177 pairs of legs and have one pair of long,
many-jointed antennae and a pair of jaw like, venomous
claws just behind the head
9. Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Mollusca a soft, unsegmented body, with a hard, calcareous shell to
protect the soft body. They have a muscular foot to help locomotion and also to act
as a weapon in some cases.usca
Snail
The snails range in size from less than one millimetre in
diameter to 20 centimetres. Most snails are small;
probably 90 percent of all adult snails are less than one
inch in maximum dimension Snails show a tremendous
verity in shapes. Most of the snails are vegetarian but
some large snails are carnivorous.
Slug
In a slug the shell is reduced to an internal plate or a
series of granules or is completely absent. Slugs have
soft, slimy bodies and are generally restricted to moist
habitats on land.
10. Phylum Echinodermata
Echinoderms are unsegmented, marine animals. They have an exoskeleton and a spiny
surface. They move by means of tube-feet. They are radically symmetrical, i.e. they have
similar parts (usually five) arranged regularly around a central point.
Sea Urchin
Sea Urchin are spiny marine invertebrate animals with a
globular body and a radical arrangement of organs, shown
by five bands of pores running from mouth to anus over the
urchin. From nodules on the urchin arise long, movable
spines and pedicellariae ( pincer like organs); these
structures may have poison glands.
Sea Cucumber
Sea Cucumber have a soft cylindrical body, 2 to 200
cm long and 1 to 20 cm thick, is usually a dull, dark
colour and often warty, thus resembling a cucumber.
Most species have five rows of tube feet extending
from mouth to anus. The anal opening is used for
both respiration and discharging wastes.
11. Phylum Chordata
The chordates possess a notochord which is a rod-like structure present in the mid-dorsal
axis of the body. Except a few primitive forms in which the notochord persists throughout
life, in all others it is replaced by a backbone.
Turtle
The turtles have a body encased in a bony shell. Although
numerous animals, from invertebrates to mammals, have
evolved shells, none has an architecture like that of turtles.
The turtle shell has a top and a bottom. Because the shell is
an integral part of the body, the turtle cannot exit it, nor is the
shell shed like the skin of some other reptiles.
Salamander
Salamanders are generally short-bodied, four-legged,
moist-skinned animals, about 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6
inches) long. Many are camouflaged, whereas others
are boldly patterned or brightly coloured. Salamanders
feed on insects, worms, snails, and other small
animals, including members of their own species.
They absorb water through their skin. They require a
moist habitat.
12. Acknowledgements
I want to thank my biology teacher for giving me the opportunity to make
a presentation which improved my knowledge of the phyla and also I
came to know of many things about the animals in the presentation.
Thanks for watching my
presentation!
