This document discusses perception, individual decision making, and group attribution theory. It covers several topics: - Perception is influenced by personal characteristics, attributes of the target, and situational factors. What is perceived is an interpretation rather than objective reality. - Attribution theory seeks to explain the behavior of others by attributing causes like feelings, beliefs, and intentions. It involves observing, interpreting, and determining the causes of behavior. - Common shortcuts in judging others include selective perception, halo effect, contrast effect, and stereotyping. - Decision making is influenced by perception. Types of decision making discussed are rational, bounded rationality, intuition-based, and the biases that can impact decision quality.

1. PERCEPTION AND
INDIVIDUAL DECISION MAKING

2. GROUP NO.5
 NEHA NAMDEV
 ADITI MANDELIYA
 KAUSHALI SARKAR
 ANNI GUPTA
 SHAILENDRA ARYA

3. Perception
We don’t see reality, we
interpret this.

4. Old women or young girl?

6. Perceptual Process

7. Factors that influence
perception

8. Factors relate to perceiver
Your interpretation is influenced by
your personal characteristic just like
Attitude,Interest,experience.

9. Factors relate to target
Factors of target is motion, sound,
size.
Target is being observed by what is
perceived.
Ex-Loud people are more likely to be
noticed in a group than quite ones.

10. Factors relate to situation
The time ,location, light, and other
situation factors influence our
attention.

11. ATTRIBUTION THEORY
 Need :
Why people behave in certain ways ?
Why people do what they do ?
 Human
EMOTINAL
BELIEFS
MOTIVES
INTENTION

12. ATTRIBUTION THEORY
Tries to explain behavior of others by
assigning the attributes to these
behavior such as feelings, beliefs,
intention .etc.

13. OBSERVATION
INTERPRETATION
ATTRIBUTION OF CAUSES

14. Determination of behavior
 Distinctiveness
 Consensus
 Consistency

16. COMMON SHORTCUTS IN
JUDGING OTHERS
1. SELECTIVE PERCEPTION
People selectively interpret what they see based on
their interests,
background, experience and attitudes.
2. HALO EFFECT
Drawing a general impression about individual based on a
single characteristics.
3. CONTRAST EFFECT
A person’s evaluation is affected by comparisons with other
individuals recently encountered.

17. STEREOTYPE
 It is an overgeneralization of
some characteristics of a group
of people, a country, a
region, .etc.
 A preconceived notion about a
group of people.

19. DECISION MAKING
Occurs as an reaction to a problem. The quality of the
decision making gets influenced by perception.

20. Types of Decision Making
 RATIONAL DECISION MAKING
It consists of following steps :
• Identify the problem
• Gathering the information
• Analyzing the situation
• Developing options
• Evaluation of alternatives
• Selection of preferred alternatives
• Action on the decision

21.  BOUNDED RATIONALITY DECISION MAKING
It is the idea that in decision making , rationality of
individual is limited by the their mind , the amount of
time , information they have.

22.  Intuition Decision Making
It is receiving input and idea without knowing exactly
how and where it came from.

23. The bias and errors of
decision making.

24.  Availability
People take decision according to the information
available to them.

25.  Anchoring
Tendency for individual to rely too heavily on a
single piece of information.

26.  Escalation of commitment
Staying to the decision even if it has clear evidence that it
is wrong.

27. It occurs when individuals
overestimate the ability to
predict a future event.
Overconfidence

28. ETHICS

29. Is hacking legal or illegal ?

30. ETHICAL HACKING

31. So why ethics in decision making ?

32. NATIONAL CASE STUDY

33. Reference: http://money-wise.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Picture11.jpg

34. WHY GST ?

36. Let’s take an example
Reference: www.quora.com

37.  Constitution Amendment Bill
 #ONEINDIAONETAX
 It was initiated in 2000
QUICK FACTS ABOUT GST

38. 38
Creativity
The ability to produce novel and useful ideas
Creativity Potential
Those who score high in openness to experience, intelligent, independent, self-confident, risk-taking, have an
internal locus-of-control, tolerant of ambiguity, low need for structure, and who persevere in the face of
frustration
What About Ethics in Decision
Making?
Improving Creativity in Decision Making

39. 39
What About Ethics in Decision
Making?
Improving Creativity in Decision Making
Expertise :
Creative-Thinking
Skills :
Intrinsic Task
Motivation :
This is the foundation
The personality characteristics
associated with creativity
The desire to do the job because of its
characteristics

40. The Three Components of Creativity
40

41. INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY