The document discusses vitamins, including their definition, classification as water-soluble or fat-soluble, and individual vitamins. It covers key facts about each vitamin, including its function, sources, deficiency symptoms, and recommended daily intake. The water-soluble vitamins covered are B vitamins and vitamin C. The fat-soluble vitamins discussed are vitamins A, D, E, and K. For each vitamin, the document provides the important role it plays in the body and health impacts of deficiency.

1. vitamins
Dr. Shafi Md Anis,
Dept. of OMFS,
TODC, Banglore.

2. Contents
•Introduction and defination
•Classification
•Facts
•Water soluble
Vitamins(vitamin,function,source,deficiency)
•Fat soluble
Vitamins(vitamin,function,source,deficiency)
•Conclution

3. DEFININTION
• Group of organic compounds that are
essential for normal growth and nutrition and
are required in small quantities in diet as they
cannot be synthesized by the body.
• The term vitamin is derived from the words
vital and amine, because vitamins are
required for life and were originally thought to
be amines

4. IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS
VITAMINS FUNCTION
B1, B2, B3, B5, B 6, B7, B9, B12, C, K COENZYME
B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7 METABOLISM OF ENERGY YIELDING
NUTRIENTS
B 6, B 9, B12 RED BLOOD CELL SYNTHESIS
B6, B9, B12 AMINO ACID METABOLISM
B 7, B 5, B 3 FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS
C , E ANTIOXODENT PROTECTION
B1, B6, B12 NERVE TRANSMISSION
A, D GENE EXPRESSION

5. CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS
• VITAMINS HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN
GROUPED BASED ON THEIR SOLUBILITY IN
WATER OR FAT

6. WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
B VITAMINS
• THIAMIN B1
• RIBOFLAVIN B2
• NIACIN B3
•BIOTIN
•PANTOTHENIC ACID
•B 6
•FOLATE
•B 12
VITAMIN A
VITAMIN C VITAMIN D
VITAMIN E
VITAMIN K

7. FACTS ABOUT VITAMINS
• Vitamins are found in almost everything we
eat
• Processing affects vitamin content
• Dietary supplements can boost vitamin intake
• Not all of what we eat can be used by the
body

8. • WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• VITAMIN B COMPLEX GROUP

9. THIAMIN OR VITAMIN B 1
• Very important vitamin to prevent Beriberi
that was discovered in the West Indies
• A Japanese surgeon in the navy found that
beriberi on ships could be avoided by adding
meat and whole grains to the diet.

10. THIAMIN IMPORTANCE

11. BERIBERI

12. SOURCES OF THIAMIN

13. • Sources of Thiamin: it is widely distributed in
foods
• Yeast and liver are the most highly
concentrated sources however, cereal grains
are the most important dietary sources of
thiamin in the diet as these foods are
consumed readily in most diets.

14. RIBOFLAVIN OR VITAMIN B 2
• Very important vitamin because it is part of
two coenzymes (FMN) and (FAD) which are
oxidizing agents

15. RIBOFALVIN IMPORTANCE

16. SYMPTOMS OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY
• Stomatitis
• Anemia
• Swollen and dark tongue
• Angular chelosis: cracks in corners of mouth
and lips

17. Riboflavin deficiency

18. SOURCES OF RIBOFLAVIN

19. RDA for Riboflavin
• The recommended dietary intake for
riboflavin is 1.3 mg / day .

20. NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3
• Niacin is the compound that prevents
development of Pellagra.
• It was isolated from nicotine acid
• It plays an important role in coenzyme NAD
which is very important in metabolism.

21. IMPORTANCE OF NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3

22. SOURCES OF NIACIN

23. DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN
• Pellagra: dermatitis
• Muscular weakness
• Anorexia
• Indigestion
• Skin eruptions
• Diarrhea

24. DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN OR B3

25. Pellagra

26. Pellagra

27. VITAMIN B 5 OR PANTOTHENIC
• Part of Coenzyme A which plays an important
role in energy metabolism.
• Is essential for the formation of ATP from the
breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, fat and
alcohol.

28. SOURCES OF PANTOTHENIC
• Meat
• Milk
• Mushrooms
• Liver
• Peanuts
• Eggs
• yeast

29. DEFICIENCY OF B 5
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Impaired muscle coordination
• GI tract disorders

30. RDA FOR PANTOTHENIC ACID
• RDA for adults is 5 mg / day

31. Vitamin B 6 or Pyridoxine
• Very important vitamin since it plays a
coenzyme role in more than 100 enzymatic
reactions.

32. VITAMIN B6 FUNCTIONS

33. SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 6
• Animal tissues
• Fish
• Poultry
• Whole grains
• Some fruits and vegetables mainly bananas ,
carrots, potatoes, garbanzo beans, avacado

34. DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B 6
• Weakness
• Sleeplessness
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Personality changes
• Dermatitis
• Glossitis

35. VITAMIN B6 SOURCES

36. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR B 6
• RDA for vitamin B 6 is 1.3 – 2 mg / day

37. BIOTIN OR VITAMIN B 7
• Biotin participate in reactions in which carbon
dioxide is added to a compound.

38. FUNCTIONS OF B 7
• Essential cofactor for 5 carboxylase enzyme
that add CO2 to various compounds.

39. SOURCES OF BIOTIN
• Whole grains
• Eggs
• Nuts
• legumes

40. DEFICIENCY OF BIOTIN
• Skin rash
• Neurological disorders
• Impaired growth

41. RDA FOR BIOTIN
• RDA for Biotin is 30 μg /day for adults

42. FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9
• Folate is derived from Latin word means leaf
because dark leafy vegetables are the best
source for folate

43. FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9

44. Folic acid functions

45. Deficiency of Folate
• Reduced ability to synthetize DNA
• Anemia

46. Folic acid function

47. RDA FOR FOLATE
• RDA for adults is 400 μg / day

48. VITAMIN B 12
• Cyanocobalamin or vitamin B 12 is very
imporatnt vitamin
• It plays an important role in many Coenzymes

49. Sources of VITAMIN B12

51. RDA OF VITAMIN B 12
• RDA for adults is 2.4 μg /day
• Deficiency can cause anemia

52. VITAMIN C OR ASCORBIC ACID
• Is involved in many processes in human body
• The most important function for vitamin C is
the synthesis of collagen, the principal tissue
protein found in tendon, arteries

53. ASCORBIC ACID OR VITAMIN C

54. SOURCES OF VITAMIN C
• Fruits and vegetables are the major sources
for vitamin C
• Citrus fruits
• Broccoli
• Green pepper

55. SOURCES OF VITAMIN C

56. Deficiency of vitamin C
• The well-known deficiency is Scurvy
• Weakness
• Fatigue
• Inflammation of the gum
• Impaired wound healing
• Hemorrhages
• depression

58. SCURVY IN HUMAN

59. RDA FOR VITAMIN C
• RDA for vitamin c for adults is 60 mg / day

60. FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
• VITAMIN A
• VITAMIN D
• VITAMIN E
• VITAMIN K

61. Vitamin A
• Assists with formation of epithelium, skin and
mucus membrane
• Maintains healthy eyes
• Assists with bone remodeling

62. Deficiency
• Dry skin, poor immunity and slow growth
• Night blindess, xeropthalmia (total blindes)

63. Retinopathy

64. Night blindness

65. VITAMIN A

66. sources

67. Vitamin D
• Considered as hormone that facilitates
absorption of Ca and P
• It assists with bone formation by aiding the
absorption of calcium

68. Functions

69. sources

70. Vitamin D deficiency

71. Ricketts

72. Osteoporosis

73. Vitamin E
• Antioxident and promotes RBC formation
• Deficiency of vitamin E is heomlytic anemia
• RDA 15 mg / day

74. Functions of vitamin E

75. Functions of vitamin E

76. Sources

77. Vitamin K
• Assists in the synthesis of prothrombin
required for blood clotting
• Deficiency symptoms are prolonged bleeding
and increased clotting time.

78. Ssources of vitamin K

79. Functions of vitamin K

80. Thank You!