COMPUTER GENERATINS

1. Computer Generations
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2. First Generation (1941-1956)
 Until 1951 computer were in possessions of Scientists,
Engineers and military
 No one tried to make electronic computer
 John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly the first to
try was a general purpose computer
 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)
was produced by a partnership between University of
Pennsylvania and the US government.
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3.  Von Neumann designed the (EDVAC) Electronic
Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
 (EDVAC) in 1945 with a memory to hold both a
stored program as well as data
 Von Neumann's computer allowed for all the
computer functions to be controlled by a single
source.
 Then in 1951 came the Universal Automatic
Computer(UNIVAC I), designed by Remington rand
and collectively owned by US census bureau and
General Electronic.
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4. • In first generation computers, the operating instructions
or programs were specifically built for the task for which
computer was manufactured.
• So first generation computers were down (not working)
much of time
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5. Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
• The invention of Transistors marked the start of the
second generation.
• Second generation computers also started showing the
characteristics of modern day computers with utilities
such as printers, disk storage and operating systems.
• Many financial information was processed using these
computers.
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6. • The instructions(program) could be stored inside the
computer's memory.
• High-level languages such as COBOL (Common
Business-Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formula
Translator) were used, and they are still used for some
applications nowadays
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7. Third Generation Computers (1964-
1971)
• Although transistors were great deal of improvement
over the vacuum tubes, they generated heat and
damaged the sensitive areas of the computer.
• The Integrated Circuit(IC) was invented in 1958 by Jack
Kilby.
• It combined electronic components onto a small silicon
disc, made from quartz.
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8. • More advancement made possible the fittings of even
more components on a small chip or a semi conductor.
• Third generation computers, the operating systems
allowed the machines to run many different applications.
• These applications were monitored and coordinated by
the computer's memory.
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9. Fourth Generation (1971-Present)
 Fourth Generation computers are the modern day
computers.
 The Size started to go down with the improvement in
the integrated circuits.
 Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and Ultra Large
scale Integration (ULSI) ensured that millions of
components could be fit into a small chip
 It reduced the size and price of the computers at the
same time increasing power, efficiency and reliability
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10.  The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, took the
integrated circuit one step further by locating all the
components of a computer (central processing unit,
memory, and input and output controls) on a minuscule
chip(extremely small).
 First came the minicomputers
 which offered users different applications, most famous
of these the word processors and spreadsheets
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11.  In 1981, IBM introduced personal computers for home
and office use.
 The number of personal computers in use more than
doubled from 2 million in 1981 to 5.5 million in 1982.
Ten years later, 65 million PCs were being used.
 It went down from Desktop to laptops to Palmtops.
 Machintosh introduced Graphic User Interface
 Networking of computers for the sharing of data
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12. • Local Area Networks(LAN) and Wide Area
Network(WAN), were potential benefits,
• Implemented in corporations and everybody could share
data over it. Soon the internet and World Wide Web
appeared on the computer scene and the Hi-Tech
revolution of 90's.
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13. Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond)
• In the minds of advance research scientists and being
tested out in the laboratories.
• These computers will be under Artificial Intelligence(AI)
• They will be able to take commands in a audio visual
way and carry out instructions.
• Many of the operations which requires low human
intelligence will be performed by these computers.
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14. • Parallel Processing is coming and showing the possibility
that the power of many CPU's can be used side by side
• Computers will be more powerful than those under
central processing.
• Advances in Super Conductor technology will greatly
improve the speed of information traffic.
• Future looks bright for the computers.
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