Redalyc - AmeliCA. For a non-profit publishing model to preserve the scholarly and open nature of scientific communication

1. Arianna Becerril García

2. The current and prevailing science
communication system has failed in
terms of making science a global,
participatory and equitable conversation.

3. 17 years after BOAI we should acknowledge that the
goal has not been achieved and the ways to attain
the goal have been ignored, and even more ...
Reed Elsevier: Goodbye to Berlin - The Fading Threat of Open Access (Upgrade to Market-Perform)
Claudio Aspesi, Helen Luong
Budapest Open Access Initiative
Open access to peer-reviewed journal literature is the goal. Self-
archiving (I.) and a new generation of open-access journals (II.) are
the ways to attain this goal.
Preliminary Findings: Rent Seeking by Elsevier
Publishers are increasingly in control of scholarly infrastructure and why we should care
A Case Study of Elsevier
Written by: Alejandro Posada and George Chen, University of Toronto Scarborough
Published on September 20th 2017
Increasing control of the knowledge production circuit
Restrictions on the rise:
restrictions on where, when or how to deposit
Publishers’ good financial health
CONTEXT: Consolidation of commercial publishing

4. The best ranked publications are usually
for-profit and the research assessment
systems reward publishing in them.
Quantitative metrics cannot replace
qualitative evaluation, nor can they make
the contributions of local research visible.
It is critical to understand that the Journal Impact Factor
has a number of well-documented deficiencies as a tool
for research assessment.
CONTEXT: Exclusive and deficient research assessment

5. CONTEXT: Cognitive Dissonance or Stockholm Syndrome?

6. 346 years later ...
Find the differences
CONTEXT: ineffective transition to the digital age

7. CONTEXT: ineffective transition to the digital age
% % % %

8. Now a global flip is being intended based on a
transformation from a pay-to-read to a pay-
to-publish strategy.
However, the control of science will continue
in the hands of corporations.
Countries, academic institutions and the
research community do not have any control
beyond commercial agreements

9. How could they interact without cause other forms of exclusion?
How could they coexist if the big funding flow is directed unequally?
If one subsystem is altered to emulate other, new concepts, rules and values will appear
with side effects varying from the weakening of the original subsystem’s strength to its
complete disruption and disappearance.
Different resultant subsystems of science communication
Different paradigms to address Open Access
Aim to eliminate pay-to-read
business model
Neither a cost for readers nor for
authors
Focused on commercial publishers Open, scholarly-led, non-profit
communication system

10. Analyzing scientific collaborations from Scopus data

11. North very active

12. South collaborations from Scopus data

13. Analyzing scientific collaborations from Redalyc data

14. Property
We must think about:
There is no guarantee that what it is open now,
will continue open.
Specially if authors do not hold copyright.
Sustainability
Research assessment
Participation / Cost
1
2
3
4
Is it OA long-term guaranteed?
Is it non- profit OA sustainable?
Is it science fairly assessed?
Are there OA platforms included in assessment
criteria?
Are new forms of exclusion emerging?

15. What role will the academy play to face this
challenge?
What will be the role of libraries?
What will be the role of researchers?
What will be the role of funders?
What will be the role of platforms?
What will be the role of publishers?

16. Large publishers enjoy economies of scale
which makes them companies "too big to fail"
and can be considered natural monopolies
that have acquired a market power that
impedes competition.
They reach an optimum production level to
produce more at lower cost. However, the
use of information and communication
technologies (ICT) enables the stage for
breaking that power.
“Too
big
to fail”

17. ICT has the potential to redraw the
landscape, and thus bring new
possibilities for other models to be
competitive and even disruptive…
will we be prepared for it?

18. The cost of communicating scientific research is a
tiny fraction of the cost of research, somewhere
between 1% and 2%.
So why should we ask that particular phase of the
research cycle to obey financial rules couched in terms of
“sustainability” while the overwhelming part of scientific
research has to be constantly subsidized?
Jean-Claude Guédon
“
”

19. Academy owned publishing
seems not to exist … in the
mainstream databases

20. Repiso, Rafael; Orduña-Malea, Enrique; Aguaded, Ignacio (2019). “Revistas
científicas editadas por universidades en Web of Science: características y
contribución a la marca universidad”. El profesional de la informa- ción, v. 28, n.
4, e280405. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.jul.05
Academy-owned journals in WoS
6,3% ScienceCitation Index;
14,6% Social Sciences Citation Index;
33,8% Arts & Humanities Citation Index.
CiteScore2019
Academy-owned journals in Scopus

21. MAY 8-10 | SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY HARBOUR CEN
2019 LIBRARY PUBLISHIN
Author-fee journals (based on DOAJ)
Author-fee journals
Non-APC journals
Non-APC academy-owned journals

22. Non-APC journals
Non-APC academy-owned journals
Source: DOAJ

23. 95%
non-APC
academy-owned
journals
Non-APC tradition in LatAm
Source: DOAJ

24. Latin America has created
and maintains a non-
commercial structure
where scientific
publishing belongs to
academic institutions and
not to large publishers
Autonomous National University of Mexico

25. Every institution supports journals
that are driven by their own faculty
members, and then that content is
made available in OA.
Everyone gets benefit from
everyone’s investment.
A fee has not been included
neither for authors nor for
readers in the regional editorial
tradition.

26. Nonprofit platforms:
visibility, edition, quality
assurance, metrics
Nonprofit institutional
journal publishing
Mainly public institutions
Key factors:
Cooperation
Networking
Crowdsourcing
Open source software
In-house software
Free software
Nonprofit, mainly publicly – funded scientific communication system
2,849 journal installations
Scholarly-led scientific communication system
composed by hundreds of publisher institutions
Open Access Ecosystem in Latin America

28. Redalyc architecture

29. Journal
evaluation
Redalyc
internal
ratification
International
Advisory Board
ratification
 12 mandatory requierements
 Peer review
 75% original content
 14 researchers
 Different areas
 11 countries
rejected journals
88%

30. Marcalyc – XML JATS markup system –
• It is free to use
• Prevents editors from outsourcing XML
Markup
• Designed for non-technical users
• Minimizes XML markup time
• Automatic front and tables tagging.
• Automatic reference tagging.
MAY 8-10 | SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY HARBOUR CEN
2019 LIBRARY PUBLISHIN

31. Mathematical
expressions
tagging with
MathML
XML tagging of
tables and dataReplicability
necessary condition in science
XML tagging of
annexes and
supplementary
materialOpen Data

32. Before: without XML
Self-classification of
information
Improved reading
experience
Illustration of items
Intelligent information
retrieval
After: with XML

33. • Interactive
article reader
• Mobile article
reader
• ePUB
• PDF
• HTML
• XML JATS 4R

35. OAI-PMH

36. Productivity Co-authorship Usage

37. Elsevier’s article of the future
Many functionalities offered by commercial publishers in other parts of
the world are provided for free by Redalyc and now by AmeliCA
vs. Redalyc article
reader technology
However, the recognition of
research assessment -by
governments and institutions-
is for what is present in
Scopus (Elsevier) or WoS.
If this doesn’t change there is
no future for scholarly-led
research communication

38. Unfortunately ...

39. The Latin American OA ecosystem is being
fragmented
Two different OA approaches

40. • Research assessment based on IF
(JCR) or SJR (Scopus) as the most
important metrics.*
• Favours APC bussiness model
(inherited from the Global North
becoming attractive for Latin
American journals)
• Language criteria that disqualify
publishing in local languages
*Scielo’s agreement with Clarivate Analytics to
generate Scielo Citation Index
APC
Approach 1: Dependent on
Mainstream-metrics and
Commercial Open Access

41. • Scholarly-driven publications and repositories
This approach seeks to strengthen publishers inside
universities by empowering editors with technology and
training in favor of the sustainability of OA
• Non-commercial OA
-More than 500 journal publisher institutions adopting
tools provided by Redalyc to keep the non-commercial
nature of their processes and to avoid APCs.
• Research Assessment
- Efforts towards finding a better way to assess scientific
research (Redalyc metrics, UdeA metrics)
- More than 600 journals signed DORA (Redalyc’s
additional mandatory requirement)
• Intellectual Property
- Publishers allow authors to hold the copyright without
restrictions
Approach 2: Scholarly-driven
Scientific Communication and
Non-commercial OA

42. So, we had to act in response...

43. MAY 8-10 | SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY HARBOUR CEN
2019 LIBRARY PUBLISHIN
A decision made to take advantage of the regional ecosystem,
technology, knowledge and experience of multiple organizations so
that the scholarly communication remains in control of the academy
and that avoids losing subsidies by choosing a shift to address Open
Access with commercial mechanisms such as the APC.

44. AmeliCA is a multi-institutional
community-driven initiative supported by
UNESCO and led by Redalyc and
CLACSO, that arises in response to the
international, regional, national and
institutional contexts of Open Access,
which seeks a cooperative, sustainable,
protected and non-comercial solution
for Open Knowledge in Latin America and
the Global South.

45. maintain the open and academic nature of scholarly publication in the
region, at the same time that contributes in improving the quality, visibility
and scope of science published in the region.
AmeliCA is aimed to

46. An infrastructure to strengthen
editorial teams within academic
institutions through providing
technology and knowledge to
ensure low costs in journal
publishing which contributes in
the sustainability of Open access
and prevents the inclusion of
author charges.

47. Convergences for the reduction of gaps

49. MAY 8-10 | SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY HARBOUR CEN
2019 LIBRARY PUBLISHIN
A non-profit publishing model to preserve the scholarly and open
nature of scientific communication
Journals participating in this model have the following:
Scientific and editorial quality
Digital publishing technology (XML JATS)
Open Access policy free of
publishing or processing costs
(APC)
A vision to overcome the current
assessment of science based on
the Impact Factor, signing the
Declaration on Research
Assessment (DORA)

50. MAY 8-10 | SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY HARBOUR CEN
2019 LIBRARY PUBLISHIN
What does it mean to take part in Redalyc-AmeliCA?
It means you’ve raised your voice for an inclusive, equitable and sustainable science
communication model
It means you stand out for scientific and editorial high-quality publishing
It means your editorial work is in line with principles in favour of science as a common good
It means you’ve shifted to the digital publishing technology XML JATS, and that you promote and
take advantage of it as well
It means you support an Open Access policy free of publishing or processing charges (APC)
and recognise it as the sustainable and collaborative route to protect the natural model of Open
Access
It means that you have a vision to overcome the current assessment of science, and fight so that
assessment may be defined on the basis of the work’s own merits and not due its publishing venue.
This is why you know, share and promote the principles of the Declaration on Research Assessment
(DORA)

51. MAY 8-10 | SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY HARBOUR CEN
2019 LIBRARY PUBLISHIN
Technology and Artificial Intelligence for a
participatory and inclusive science ecosystem.
XML
Open data
Linked data
Knowledge Discovery
Ubiquity
Semantic web
The potential of this model to create a global participatory arena

52. What part of current technology do academic publications take
advantage of?
• Open data
• Open access
• Linked data
• Knowledge base
• Discovery
• Ubiquity
• Semantic web
• Data compression algorithms to incorporate high resolution content.

53. What if every source
of information could
be a provider of a
linked data?

54. And contents
including scholarly
full-texts could be
granulated into
pieces

55. Every single piece of information
could be part of a giant graph

56. to compose a structure
that expresses the
inherent knowledge
and to be linked to a
wider and unrestricted
knowledge cloud

57. An upper layer of linked knowledge could be built
Aligned to the Web Foundation call on policymaker to reverse and leverage the
power of technology to fight inequality:
Accelerate progress towards universal access
Level the playing field

58. It is possible to achieve a cooperative values-based
infrastructure that benefits scientific communication
worldwide.
Academy has the power to take back control
(or keep it) of the whole knowledge generation
life-cicle.
Publishing in control of academia and libraries can
create a counterweight to the exclusionary system
that prevails today.

59. Arianna Becerril- García
arianna.becerril@gmail.com
http://www.redalyc.org/autor.oa?id=25
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0278-8295
@ariannabec
Thank
you!