Th1_Toward developing water saving and drought resistant rice
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3rd Africa Rice Congress Theme 1: climate resilient rice Mini symposium: Towards improved resistance to abiotic stresses Author: Luo et al.
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Th1_Toward developing water saving and drought resistant rice
- 1. 3rd Africa Rice Congress Toward developing water saving and drought resistant rice (WDR) Zaochang LIU, on behalf of Lijun Luo Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center 10-22-2013 Yaounde, Cameroon
- 2. Why WDR? How are we developing WDR? Current WDR varieties. Drip irrigation as an example of cultural practice for growing WDR
- 3. Yield increase puzzle With the global and frequent change of climate, agriculture production often faces water shortage ， and drought is becoming one of the main limiting factors.
- 4. Rice, the main food in China ， yield per unit area remains unchanged for the past > 10 years. 1977-2007 中国水稻平均产量变 化 ( 数据来源： 联合国粮农组织统计数据库 ) 1996 启动超级 稻 2000 单产 700Kg 2005 单产 800Kg ( 数据来源： 中国农业统计年鉴 )
- 5. Super Super rice? rice? 1995 年江安吉“ 协优 413” 亩产 759 公斤、比对照增产 21.99 ％浙江省历史最高纪 录 >11 t/ha >11 t/ha it is hard to achieve this super high yield level in large scale. Why? Limited irrigation water and soil fertility.
- 6. 2001 年特大干 旱 2011 年冬麦区严重干 旱 Breeding water Breeding water saving and saving and 2002 年干旱偏 drought 2003 年严重春 drought 旱 重 resistant rice resistant rice varieties. varieties. 2010 年西南地区大 旱 2004 年华南大范围秋 旱 Recent years in China, frequent drought or flooding caused huge loss of food production.
- 7. Environmental pollution Flood irrigation of paddy field rice, esp. with increased application of fertilizers and other chemicals for increased yield, often causes eutrophication.
- 8. Global Methane Sources and Emissions Breeding water Breeding water saving and saving and drought drought resistant rice resistant rice varieties. varieties.
- 9. What is WDR No compromising yield ability compared with paddy field variety. Similar drought resistance to upland rice. Environmentally friendly
- 10. How are we developoing WDR?
- 11. Breeding of WDR • Breeding approaches Traditional methods New Biotech Indica • Types of WDR Japonica Inbred hybrid Inbred hybrid
- 12. Breeding system through crossing paddy rice and upland rice and stressed selection × F1 Upland DT selection F2 population （ >1000 pl ） 上海正 季选择 Rice blast test Rice cooking quality F5-6 lines × Tropical winter DT selection Shanghai rain shelter selection Yield idendification 安吉抗 旱筛选 海南抗 旱筛选 New Combination 上海抗 旱鉴定
- 13. MAS and elite gene accumulation based on NILs The recurrent parent 国内特色材料 Backcross 抗性筛选 抗逆 NIILs NIILs 不同生态区表型鉴定 高产 优质 NIILs NIILs 基因聚合、新种质 新品种选育 国际水稻分子 育种计划材料 MAS 基因型鉴定 其它 … . 高产、优质、抗 性基因定位
- 15. Inbred WDR Huhan 15 (indica)
- 16. Field status after panicle booting Huhan 15 Onsite visit and test
- 17. Inbred WDR-- Huhan 3 (japonica) 200 mu (13 ha) demonstration: direct sowing, no flood management, >600kg/mu (9 tons/ha)
- 18. Hybrid WDR (indica type) （ 1 ） Upland sterile Huhan 1A Cross ， back cross, DT selection Elite rice cooking quality, strong DT and good combining ability Plant new Plant new variety variety certificate certificate
- 19. （ 2 ） Hanyou 3 (first WDR hybrid combination) WDR Good Cooking quality Guangxi ， even higher yield +50% than super rice under DT condition Zhejiang Yiwu city: 550kg/mu (100ha demo, water saving 50%)
- 20. Hybrid WDR (japonica type) （ 1 ） Japonica sterile Huhan 2A Huhan 3 (WDR) Hanfeng B Huhan 2 B (DR CMS ML)
- 21. （ 2 ） Japonica hybrid WDR– Hanyou 8 Growth status at maturity of Hybrid WDR— Hanyou 8 ： yield ability 9-12 tons/ha Shanghai Fengxian 2012.10.18 Hybrid seed production field
- 22. Super rice likes racing cars ， suitable for high way, while WDR likes “Jeep” applicable for both high way and rough road. Demo Local Reviewer Middle or low yield field often suffers water shortage, lower fertility. Super rice WDR High way = High y filed Normal (rough) road= m /l yield field
- 23. ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Demonstration of WDR varieties in Southeast Asia and part of Africa ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
- 24. Drip irrigation as an example of cultural practice for growing WDR Mission: Grow more with less through joint application of water-saving and drought- tolerant rice (WDR) and drip irrigation system.
- 25. Seedling status on June 8 (sowed on May 21, 2012 ） 7 势 月 24 日长 11 势 月 6 日长势 11 月 10 日收割， 7 成熟，千粒重 20 克。 170 天生育期 11 月 6 日长
- 26. Comparison in stem base status Control paddy field: weathered by sheath blight Drip field: green to the base leaves
- 27. Drip Huhan 3 (Japonica species) （ Oct. 23) Drip Jinfeng (Japonica species) (Oct. 23) Panicle comparison of drip Huhan 3 and Jinfeng at harvest (Oct. 31)
- 28. Compared with the CH4 concentration in the paddy field (F), drip field resulted in significantly lower methane gas concentration, regardless to varieties.
- 29. Drainage (ml/day) under different cropping system 径流量（31m 渗透管） m 耕作层30cm 处土壤溶液径流量( m / d) l 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 滴灌田 免耕田 水田 Paddy field No tillage field Drip field Aug. 15- 21 Aug. 31Sep. 6 Sep. 6- 12 Sep. 12- 22 测定期间
- 30. Summary WDR showed the features of paddy rice and drought tolerance. Drip irrigation is feasible for rice cultivation, especially when planting drought-resistant water-saving rice varieties. Even without optimization of fertilization, rice yield under drip irrigation was equivalent that achieved under ordinary paddy field condition, while agricultural water consumption is greatly reduced, and also significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions, specifically the emission of methane gas. Drip irrigation combined with water-saving and drought resistant rice reflects the features of high-yield, efficient and friendly to environment.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- {"5":"Of course, we had developed super rice as early as in 1995, as showed hear, yield ability once got to >11tons per hectare, however, it is hard to achieve this super high yield level in large scale. Why? Limited irrigation water and soil fertility. \n","11":"We have established corresponding breeding technique and approaches. \n","6":"Such kind of situation proposed the need for breeding water saving and drought resistant rice varieties. \n","7":"On the other hand, rice production is also a main reason for environmental pollution. Such as eutrophication，is becoming a serious social problem. \n","8":"Green house emission, becoming a environmental concern. Rice farming produces a big part of methane gas discharge, although lacks exact data. Proposed the need again.\n","9":"It is kind of rice type, with three distinct features. \n","4":"We did not see obvious increase in the unit area yield in the past >10 years, which may be taken as a potential threat to China’s food security. \n"}