Great Roads Start from the Base Up!

1. CIR & FDR
“Great Roads Start from the Base Up!!”
Working Together to Promote Education and
Advanced Technology

2. Moving Forward with
Advanced Technology
• Sometimes we need to leave what we have done and
used in the past behind for a better TOMORROW.

3. WHY ARE WE HERE???
• To Make Roads Stronger, Last Longer and be more
Sustainable for Future Generations. CIR and FDR is a
•“…. safe, efficient, cost effective, environmentally friendly
pavement reconstruction meeting the needs of present-day users
without compromising those of future generations”
1.Optimizing the use of natural resources
2.Reducing energy consumption
3.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
4.Limiting pollution
5.Improving health, safety and risk prevention
6.Ensuring a high level of user / owner comfort and safety

4. “Great Roads Start from the Base Up!!”
• Build from the Bottom Up. A road that has a poor base and poor
drainage cannot be adequately improved with a top dressing of new
pavement.
• Build for Traffic Loads and Traffic Volumes. It takes the passage of
approximately 9,600 cars to equal the effect on a road of the passage
of one 80,000-pound truck.
• Build on a Firm Foundation. A highway wears out from the top but
it falls apart from the bottom. This is another way of saying that the
road base determines the service life of a road.
• Get Water Away from the Road. Drainage cannot be emphasized
enough in road construction and maintenance. Water affects the
entire serviceability of a road. Too much water in the base materials
weakens the road.

5. CIR and FDR
• FDOT DEV 332 FDR Specification
• FHWA Recycling Publication Number: FHWA-SA-98-042
• FAA and DOD P-210 Specification

6. Effective Pavement Management:
“Right Road, Right Treatment, Right Time”

7. How Roads with BASE problems were
fixed in the past. Add more HMA. $$$$$

8. 6 Year Old Mill & Resurface
A Very Expensive Band-Aid

9. Granular Bases are not holding up!
• Current traffic loads
• Increased rainfall
• Higher water tables
• Loose their SN over time

10. Granular Bases are not holding up!
• Current traffic loads
• Increased rainfall
• Higher water tables
• Loose their SN over time

11. Granular Bases are not holding up!
• Current traffic loads
• Increased rainfall
• Higher water tables
• Loose their SN over time

12. Granular Bases are not holding up!

13. Falling Weight Deflectometer
(FWD)
§ Total Pavement Performance
§ Condition of Upper Pavement Layers
§ Indication of Soil Stiffness

14. Falling Weight Deflectometer
(FWD) of Verna Rd
• Total SNi of Base Lost over time was from 0.18 to a 0.11
What’s the most cost effective FIX???
• Report was done on June 29, 2012
• Average core data: 2.75 in of HMA and 7.75 in of
limerock, shell base with 12” subbase.
• SNi of existing asphalt layer 0.25
• Verna Rd average SN of 2.0 with the 12” subbase in
that figure.

15. Cold In-Place Recycling
and
Full Depth Reclamation
Flexible Stabilized Base

16. Definitions - CIR
Cold In-Place Recycling: The recycling of a deteriorated asphalt
pavement & base material that has reached the end of its useful life.
This includes asphalt wearing and base course material. Typical
depths are 4 to 8 inches.
The CIR machine cuts and sizes the old asphalt & base. The material
is then mixed in-place with a new asphalt binder and other additives,
paver-laid and compacted to the desired depth and scope of the
project specifications, resulting in a flexible stabilized base course.

17. Cold In-Place Recycling Benefits
§ 50% less $ than remove & replace.
§ Minimizes disruption to public.
§ Reuses existing materials.
§ Removes cracking network.
§ Adds significant structural integrity.
§ Cost effective widening strategy.

18. What does a CIR or FDR
candidate look like?
• Transverse and Longitudinal
cracking
• Alligator cracking
• Oxidized, raveled pavement
• Some structural deficiencies
• UGLY!!!

19. The CIR Process
• Core the roadway and perform a mix design
• Any widening/curb milling should take place prior to CIR
• The CIR train pulverizes, mixes and paver lays
the new flexible stabilized base course to the desired
cross-slope
• Compact with a 10-12 ton steel wheel roller and a
27 ton rubber tire roller
• Place the HMA surface course

20. Cold In-Place Recycling is perfect for
urban and residential areas…

21. Definitions - FDR
èFull Depth Reclamation: is a pavement rehabilitation
technique in which the full flexible pavement section and a
predetermined portion of the underlying materials are
uniformly crushed, pulverized or blended. Additives are
then introduced per the mix design, resulting in a flexible
stabilized base course (FSBC) of 6 to 12 inches. (Including
red brick and asphaltic block.)

22. Full Depth Reclamation

23. Full Depth Reclamation Benefits
§ Half the cost of remove & replace.
§ Simplifies road widening projects.
§ Reuses existing materials.
§ Removes entire cracking network.
§ Adds significant structural integrity.
§ Saves taxpayer dollars.

24. FDR is a slower and deeper process
involving different equipment and additives

25. 1.) Pulverize the existing pavement and underlying
layers
2.) Pre-shape and compact the pulverized material
3.) Apply and mix stabilizing additives (2nd Pass)
4.) Fine grade and compact the stabilized material
5.) Fog seal or prime the SBC, as required
6.) Apply specified surface treatment
The FDR Process

26. How do we determine which
method to use?
• By analyzing the survey
• Coring the roadway
• Perform soil testing
• Interpret all of the data
• Certified mix design

27. CIR & FDR construction process

28. CIR & FDR remove the cracking
network

29. Granular vs. Stabilized Base

30. Reduced Moisture Susceptibility
High water table
Unstabilized Granular Base Stabilized Base

31. Eliminates Rutting Below Surface
Rutting can occur in surface,
base and subgrade of
unstabilized bases due to
repeated wheel loading
Stabilized bases resist
consolidation and movement,
thus virtually eliminating
rutting in all layers but the
asphalt surface.
Unstabilized Base
Stabilized
Base

32. Spreads Loads
Unstabilized Granular Base
Stabilized Base
100 psi
15 psi
100 psi
4 psi

33. CIR & FDR Flexible Stabilized
Base Course Benefits

34. SN of Stabilized Flexible Base
Structural Numbers greatly exceed those of
Granular Base

35. Question & Answer Session

36. All Roads to the Future are in OUR Hands!!