1. INTRODUCTION OF
PSYCHO-ANALYTICAL
THEORIES
OF PERSONALITY

2. PSYCHOANLYTICAL THEORIES EMPHASIS ON
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.
THE MAIN CONTRIBUTOR TO THIS
THEORY IS “SIGMUND FREUD”. HE DISCOVERED
THAT PEOPLE HAVE UNCONSCIOUS NEEDS, DRIVES,
MOTIVES AND DESIRES FOR PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT. PEOPLE DEVELOPS THEIR
PERSONALITY WHEN FACING PHYSICAL & MENTAL
PROBLEMS UNDER SOME SPECIFIC SYSTEMS.

3. Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
• Had medical background-
wanted to do
“neurophysiological research”
• Private practice with specialty
in neurology
• Early 1900s published many
works--
– Interpretation of Dreams
(1900)
– The Psychopathology of
Everyday Life (1901)
– 1906 Psychoanalytic Society
formed
• DIED OF JAW CANCER IN
1939.

4. 3 Levels of Awareness
• Conscious
• Preconscious
• Unconscious

5. Conscious
• Current contents of your
mind that you actively
think of
• What we call working
memory
• Easily accessed all the
time

6. Preconscious
• Contents of the mind
you are not currently
aware of
• Thoughts, memories,
knowledge, wishes,
feelings
• Available for easy
access when needed

7. Unconscious
• Contents kept out of
conscious awareness
• Not accessible at all
• Processes that actively
keep these thoughts
from awareness

8. Unconscious framework includes three conflicting
psychoanalytical concepts:-
• The Id
• The Ego
• The super Ego

9. What is Id?
THE ID- Id is the mind’s instinctive energy.Id is the source of
psychic energy & seeks immediate satisfaction of biological
pleasures. (UNREAL & THEORETICAL CONCEPTION)
Desires and wishes of an individual exist at the unconscious
state which is known as Id.
• Resides completely at the unconscious level
• Acts under the pleasure principle
– immediate gratification, not willing to compromise
– Generates all of the personality’s energy
– Demands immediate pleasure at whatever cost
– It provides the mental force to face problems.
As an individual matures, he learns to control the Id,
but even then it remains a driving force throughout life and
becomes an important source of behavior.

10. What is Ego?
Ego is a real and practical experience.
• Resides in all levels of awareness
• Operates under “reality principle”
• It translates the energy of Id into action.
• Attempts negotiation between Id and
Superego to satisfy both realistically
The ego of a person keeps the Id in check
whenever it demands immediate pleasure.
Ego controls the Id so that the pleasures
Unconciously demanded by human beings

11. What is Super Ego?
It is the higher level force to restrain the
Id.
• The moralist and idealistic part of the
personality
• Resides in preconscious
– Operates on “ideal principle”
– Begins forming at 4-5 yrs of age
– initially formed form environment
and others (society, family etc)
– Internalized conventions and morals
– Essentially your “conscience “ i.e
sense of judging what is wrong and
what is right.

12. Inter relation between the Id, Ego,
& Super Ego…….
Their must be a proper balance in the relationship
among these forces to create a normal personality.
For Eg.
Super Ego
If Super Ego is over
Id Ego developed, man will become
very impractical and
irrational. He will feel guilty
over trivial matters…Such a
person can't exist in modern
world…

13. Freudian stages of personality
Development
– ORAL STAGE
– ANAL STAGE
– PHALLIC STAGE
– LATENCY STAGE
– GENITAL STAGE

14. Oral Stage (0-18 months)
– The Infant first experiences social contact with
the outside world through mouth-
Crying
Drinking
Laughing
Eating
– Focus: weaning- becoming less dependent

15. Anal (18-35 months)
Primary sources of pleasure is the process of elimination.
– Fixation on bowel and bladder elimination
– Focus: search for control
Phallic (3-6 years)
 Child discovers himself. He realizes all his important
organs i.e. eyes, hands, nose etc..
Focus: genital area and difference btwn males and females

16. Latency (6 yrs to puberty)
 Kids play with same sex others-- until puberty
 No significant impact of parents. The social process
influences personality development.
Genital (puberty and beyond)
 Adolescent starts feeling all senses seriously.
 Attachment with parents is reduced.

17. Freud: criticisms and critiques
• He studied very few people so not representative
sample
• Process of psychoanalysis interviewing- exhibit
preconceived notions and biases
• His measures/methods were untreatable
• Definitions don’t lend themselves to experimentation
• One’s personality is fixed and unchanging
• Obsessed with sex and aggression

18. Different Personality Pattern which influence
organisational behavior are:-
• AUTHORITARIANISM
• MACHIAVELLIANISM
• INTROVERSION & EXTROVERSION
• TYPE ‘A’ & TYPE ‘B’ PERSONALITY
• SELF CONCEPT & SELF ESTEEM
• LOCUS OF CONTROL

19. AUTHORITARIANISM
• A authoritarian personality tend to be rigid in their
positions,
• They place high moral value on their beliefs.
• Strongly oriented towards conformity of rules &
regulations.
• Naturally prefer stable & structured work
environments which are governed by clear rules &
procedures.
• Likely prefer autocratic or directive leadership.

20. MACHIAVELLIANISM
• This personality trait is also known as ‘Mach’ is named after
Niceolo Machiavelli.
• An individual with high Mach is Pagmatic, maintains emotional
distance, & believes that ends can justify means, manipulate more,
win more, are persuaded less and persuade others more.
• Successful when situations have minimum number of rules &
regulations.
• Have no hesitation using taking advantage of others in order to
serve their own goals.
• High self confidence & high self esteem.

21. INTROVERSION & EXTROVERSION
• Introverts are:-
Shy, quiet & retiring
Excels at tasks that require thought & analytical
skills.
• Extroverts are:-
Suitable for positions that require more interaction with
others..

22. TYPE ‘A’ & TYPE ‘B’
PERSONALITY
• TYPE A :- People are impatient, aggressive, &
highly competitive, work hard & are more
productive. Negative side is that they are very
impatient, more irritable, have poor judgement.
Measures success by quantity, does two things at a
time.
• TYPE B :- Easy going, non-competitive. Do better in
complex tasks involving judgement & accuracy rather
than speed & hard work. Relaxes without guilt, has
no pressing deadlines. Is never hurry, mild mannered.

23. SELF CONCEPT & SELF ESTEEM
• Self concept denotes the extent to which they
consistently regard themselves as capable,
successful, important & worthy. Self concept
(Both ‘I’ & ‘Me’) gives the individual a sense of
meaningfulness and consistency.
• People assignments & contribute to achieve
organizational goals. Self esteem is directly related
to the with high self esteem tend to take
challenging expectations for success. High self
esteem people believe that they possess the ability
needed to succeed at work.

24. LOCUS OF CONTROL
• Personality is developed on the basis of person’s
locus of control which is how one perceives the locus
of control in one’s life.
• Locus of control was formulated within the
framework of Rotter’s social learning theory of
personality.

25. THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING
TO ME PATIENTLY.
HAVE A NICE DAY
BY AMITA SHARMA