Chemistry in our daily life and its importance A Short Introduction to Chemistry and its branches. There are five main branches of Chemistry: 1)Organic Chemistry 2)Inorganic Chemistry 3)Analytical Chemistry 4)Physical Chemistry 5)Biochemistry Presented By: Amir Hassan Chemistry Department, Government Post Graduate College Mardan KP Pakistan.

1. Chemistry in Our Daily Life
and its Importance
Amir Hassan
Govt: Post Graduate College Mardan KP Pakistan

2. Definition Of Chemistry
• Chemistry is the study of the substances, specially their
structure, properties, transformations and the energy changes
accompanying these transformation.
• Or, the branch of science that deals with the identification of
the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation
of their properties and the ways in which they interact,
combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form
new substances.

3. Some Uses of Chemistry
• Everything is made of chemicals. Many of the changes we
observe in the world around we see that caused by
chemical reactions.
• Chemistry is very important because it helps us to know
the composition, structure& changes of matter. All the
matters are made up of chemistry.
• In our every day like various chemical are being used in
various form, some of those are being used as food, some
of those used clangingetc.

4.  Industries and Transport
 Food Security andAgriculture
 Science and Technology
 Cooking
 Cooking
 Cleaning
 Medicine
 Environmental Issues
 Polymers
 Building Materials , etc.

5. • There are five main branches of Chemistry:
 Organic Chemistry
 Inorganic Chemistry
 Analytical Chemistry
 Physical Chemistry
 Biochemistry

6. Organic Chemistry
• Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds that contain
the elements carbon and hydrogen.
• Or, Organic chemistry involves the study of the structure,
properties, and preparation of chemical compounds that
consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen. Examples:
Petroleum, almost all medicine, food

7. ORGANIC
Known as carbon
chemistry
Food chemistry
Organic Chemistry
ORGANIC
Fossil Fuels

8. Organic Chemistry
• Organic chemistry overlaps with many areas including-
Medicinal chemistry —the design, development, and
synthesis of medicinal drugs. It overlaps with
pharmacology (the study of drug action).
pharmacology (the study of drug action).
Organometallic chemistry — the study of chemical
compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
Polymer chemistry — the study of the chemistry of
polymers.

9. • The study of compounds that are made of only one or no
carbon elements. It covers all chemical compounds except
carbon elements. It covers all chemical compounds except
organic compounds.
• Inorganic chemistry study things such as crystal structures,
minerals, metals, catalysts, and most elements in the Periodic
Table.

10. INORGANIC
Involves all elements
Metals/Materials
chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
INORGANIC chemistry
Chemical Reactions

11. Inorganic Chemistry
• Branches of inorganic chemistry include:
Bioinorganic chemistry — the study of the interaction of
metal ions with living tissue, mainly through their direct
metal ions with living tissue, mainly through their direct
effect on enzyme activity.
Geochemistry — the study of the chemical composition
and changes in rocks, minerals, and atmosphere of the earth
or a celestial body.

12. • It is the study of the separation, identification, and
quantification of the chemical components of natural and
artificial materials. It has qualitative analysis which is more on
artificial materials. It has qualitative analysis which is more on
the physical properties and identity and quantitative analysis
the measurement and amount of a certain substance.
• Analytical chemistry involves the qualitative and quantitative
determination of the chemical components of substances.

13. ANALYTICAL
Identifies, Evaluates,
Compares
Uses instruments to
find answers
Analytical ChemiAstry
ANALYTICAL
Basis of
Chemical Research

14. Analytical Chemistry
• Examples of areas using analytical chemistry include:
 Forensic chemistry — the application of chemical principles,
techniques, and methods to the investigation of crime.
 Environmental chemistry —the study of the chemical and biochemical
phenomena that occur in the environment. It relies heavily on analytical
chemistry and includes atmospheric, aquatic, and soil chemistry.
 Bioanalytical Chemistry — the examination of biological materials
such as blood, urine, hair, saliva, and sweat to detect the presence of
specific drugs.

15. Physical Chemistry
• Chemistry that relies on a lot of physics and math to study the
changes in energy that happen to matter.
• The study of the shape of non-living matter and how that
affects matter at the visible scale.
• Physical chemists typically study the rate of a chemical
reaction, the interaction of molecules with radiation, and the
calculation of structures and properties.

16. PHYSICAL Heating/Freezing
Involves matter and energy
PHYSICAL Heating/Freezing
of materials
Exothermic, Endergonic—
Nuclear chemistry

17. • Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry in
biological processes of all living organisms. There is
an evident overlapping of different branches of
chemistry but they are all observed in the systems of
chemistry but they are all observed in the systems of
living things.
• Biochemical research includes cancer and stem cell
biology, infectious disease, and cell membrane and
structural biology.

18. BIOCHEMISTRY
“Living” Chemistry;
Environmental
Proteins, Amino
Acids, DNA, food
BIOCHEMISTRY
Medical research
Acids, DNA, food

19. • It spans molecular biology, genetics, biochemical pharmacology,
clinical biochemistry, and agricultural biochemistry. Sub-branches of
biochemistry is-
 Molecular biology — the study of the interactions between the
various systems of a cell, such as the different types of DNA, RNA,
various systems of a cell, such as the different types of DNA, RNA,
and protein biosynthesis.
 Genetics — the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living
organisms.
 Pharmacology — the study of mechanisms of drug action and the
influence of drugs on an organism.

20. I
Importance of
mportance of hemistry
hemistry
in
in O
Our
ur aily
aily ife
ife

21. Chemistry made us realize
Chemistry made us realize
that things have an expiry
that things have an expiry
date , and that it is important
date , and that it is important
to watch out for eating
to watch out for eating
expired food
expired food.
.
IN MEDICINE:
IN MEDICINE:
The abolition of disease and
The abolition of disease and
major contribution to many
major contribution to many
improving human wealth,
improving human wealth,
have been made by the
have been made by the
modern chemical discoveries.
modern chemical discoveries.

22. Salt
Salt-
-a chemical compound
a chemical compound
It is fascinating to know that
It is fascinating to know that
salt, a compound we eat
salt, a compound we eat
salt, a compound we eat
salt, a compound we eat
everyday, is made up of two
everyday, is made up of two
substances,
substances, sodium and
sodium and
chlorine.
chlorine.
NaCl
NaCl =
= Table Salt
Table Salt

23. Chemistry in the House
Chemistry in the House
Something
Something as
as simple
simple as
as
Toothpaste
Toothpaste involves
involves at
at least
least
three
three chemicals,
chemicals, if
if not
not more
more.
. It
It
is
is the
the mixture
mixture of
of fluoride,
fluoride,
is
is the
the mixture
mixture of
of fluoride,
fluoride,
peroxide
peroxide and
and baking
baking soda
soda and
and
its
its chemical
chemical reaction
reaction that
that keeps
keeps
your
your teeth
teeth clean
clean.
. From
From this
this
course
course I
I got
got to
to know
know how
how to
to
read
read the
the chemicals
chemicals composition
composition.
.

24. Gases Inside The Diving
Gases Inside The Diving
Cylinders
Cylinders

25. Scuba Tank Pictures
Scuba Tank Pictures

26. Scuba Tank Gases
Scuba Tank Gases
1.
1. Nitrox
Nitrox -
- Nitrox is basically a mixture of
Nitrox is basically a mixture of
nitrogen and oxygen. This particular "breathing
nitrogen and oxygen. This particular "breathing
gas" mixture is used by scuba divers who dive to
gas" mixture is used by scuba divers who dive to
a depth of up to 130 ft only.
a depth of up to 130 ft only.
2.
2. Heliox
Heliox -
- Heliox
Heliox combines both oxygen and
combines both oxygen and
helium in the tank.
helium in the tank.
3.
3. Hydreliox
Hydreliox -
- Hydreliox
Hydreliox combines oxygen,
combines oxygen,
helium and hydrogen in the scuba diving tank.
helium and hydrogen in the scuba diving tank.
With
With Hydreliox
Hydreliox in their tanks, scuba divers can
in their tanks, scuba divers can
safely pursue diving depths of up to 400 feet.
safely pursue diving depths of up to 400 feet.

27. CHEMISTRY
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
COMPOUND
AND
MIXTURE

28. What is an Element ?
Element
A chemical substance
Simplest substance.
Cannot be decomposed
to a simpler substance
Built up from one type
of atoms only

29. Examples of Metals
( Sodium )
Na
Use :
Sodium Lamp

30. Copper Cu
Use : Electric Conductor

31. Calcium Ca
Use : Calcium ions needed to form bones
and teeth

32. Aluminium Al
Use: Making of cooking pots and pans

33. Gold ; AurumAu
Use : Jewelry

34. Iron; Ferum Fe
Use : Construction of buildings
and bridges

35. Lead Pb
Uses : Water pipes
Pipes for wiring

36. Magnesium Mg
Use : Crackers and Fireworks

37. Platinum Pt
Use: Jewelry

38. Potassium K
Use : Potassium salts
- agricultural fertilizers

39. Silver Ag
Use : Jewelry

40. Tin Sn
Use : Making containers

41. Zinc Zn
Uses : Dry cells;
Roofing for houses

42. Mercury Hg
Use : In Thermometers

43. Examples of Non-Metals
Chlorine Cl
Use : Killing germs in water supply

44. Argon Ar
Use : Lighting Bulbs

45. Bromine Br
Use : Photography

46. Boron B
Use :Making
Medicine in pharmacy

47. Helium He
Use : Filling balloons

48. Carbon C
Diamond & Graphite

49. Hydrogen H
Use: Fuel

50. Iodine I
Use : Antiseptic

51. Neon Ne
Use : Neon Lights

52. Nitrogen N
Use : Liquid Nitrogen –
Refrigeration Coolant

53. Oxygen O
Use : Gas for Breathing

54. Phosphorus P
Use : Matches

55. Silicon Si
Use : Computer CPU

56. Sulphur S
Use : Manufacture of
SulphuricAcid

57. What is a Compound ?
 A Chemical Consists of
two or more elements.
 chemically combined
 chemically combined
Chemical Bond between
the particles.

58. Examples of Compounds
Ammonium Chloride
Use : Dry Batteries
Constituents : H , N , Cl

59. Glucose
Use : Carbohydrates
Constituents : H , C , O

60. Sodium Chloride
Use : Flavor for Food
Constituents : Na , Cl

61. Calcium carbonate
Use : Building material
Constituents : Ca , C, O

62. Sulphuric acid
Use : Car Accumulator
Constituents : H , S , O

63. Urea
Use : Nitrogeneous Fetilizer
Constituents : C , H , O , N

64. Copper (II) sulphate
Use: Fungicide
Constituents : Cu , S , O , H

65. Potassium nitrate
Use : Agricultural Fertilizers
Constituents : K , N , O

66. Ethanoic acid
Use : Vinegar
Constituents : C , H , O

67. Use : Anaesthetic
Cost : C , H , Cl

68. What is a Mixture ?
 Substance consisting of
two or more substances
physically combined.
Components : Elements
or/and compounds.
Components can be
separated by physical
means.

69. Examples of Mixtures
Air– Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Carbon dioxide, water
vapor etc

70. Soil
Constituents : Humus, sand,
air, water, minerals etc.

71. Milk
Components : Lactose, water,
proteins, vitamins, minerals etc

72. Conclusion
Now we can say from this presentation that chemistry
is all around us, but the only thin is that we need to
observe it carefully and notice everything around us.
observe it carefully and notice everything around us.
We should appreciate the work of scientists who
observed those things and brought it till us.

73. T
Thank
hank Y
You
ou F
For
or L
Listening
istening