This presentation summarizes tools for sustainable forest management that serve both biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction objectives. It discusses practices like timber harvesting, agroforestry, non-timber forest products, protected areas, and roles for local communities. The presentation was prepared as part of a publication on sustainable forest management, biodiversity, and livelihoods by the Convention on Biological Diversity.
This document discusses the importance of bamboo and rattan species for biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests. It outlines that tropical forests contain high biodiversity but are under threat from unsustainable practices. It suggests that conserving bamboo and rattan species through sustainable forest management practices, including community involvement and protection of habitats, can help meet biodiversity goals while supporting livelihoods. Specific actions recommended include domestication of bamboo and rattan, restoration of degraded lands with these species, and incentivizing conservation through programs like payments for ecosystem services.
Sustainable Forestry for Food Security and Nutrition CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Terry Sunderland, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the High Level Panel of Experts on
Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS), on June 27, 2017.
Sustainable Forestry for Food Security and Nutrition: FTA for better food sys...CIFOR-ICRAF
Forests play a crucial role in food security and nutrition in three key ways:
1) Forests directly provide food and generate income that supports food access for over 1 billion people worldwide. Forest foods contribute significantly to dietary diversity and quality.
2) Forests sustain agriculture through ecosystem services like water regulation, soil health, and pollination that support food production.
3) Maintaining forest and landscape diversity increases the resilience of food systems and dependent communities to climate change and other shocks by acting as a safety net during crises.
This document provides an overview of forests and biodiversity. It begins with definitions and classifications of forests, describing the different types of forests based on location and climate. It then discusses the many uses and benefits of forests, including providing fuel, fodder, habitat for wildlife, and regulating climate and rainfall. The document also covers causes and consequences of deforestation, as well as measures to conserve forests. It introduces biodiversity, defining it and describing the different types. It discusses the distribution of biodiversity globally and in India, threats to biodiversity from natural and human-caused factors, and approaches to conserving biodiversity through protected areas, education, and environmental legislation.
Presentation on International Forest Day 2020 Md Najmus SakibMdNajmusSakib
Md. Najmus Sakib is the District Team Leader of Climate Finance Transparency Mechanism Project of COAST Trust. He presented the presentation on International Forest Day 2020 at the Department of Forest, Patuakhali.
Llb i el u 5.1 forest and biodiversity managementRai University
This document provides an overview of forest and biodiversity management. It begins with definitions of forests and classifications of different forest types. It then discusses the uses of forests, products trade and marketing, causes of deforestation, and measures to conserve forests. The document also introduces biodiversity, including definitions and types. It discusses the distribution and importance of biodiversity, as well as threats to biodiversity. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of conserving biodiversity for human survival.
This document provides a draft of India's revised National Forest Policy of 2018. Some key points:
- It recognizes the need to update the 1988 policy to address new issues like climate change, urban forestry, and participatory management.
- The overall goal is ensuring ecological and livelihood security through sustainable forest management to provide ecosystem services.
- Objectives include conservation, rehabilitation, improving livelihoods, contributing to climate targets, and increasing forest cover.
- Strategies outlined include sustainable management of natural and plantation forests, protecting biodiversity, strengthening community forestry, and promoting agroforestry and urban greens.
This document discusses the importance of bamboo and rattan species for biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests. It outlines that tropical forests contain high biodiversity but are under threat from unsustainable practices. It suggests that conserving bamboo and rattan species through sustainable forest management practices, including community involvement and protection of habitats, can help meet biodiversity goals while supporting livelihoods. Specific actions recommended include domestication of bamboo and rattan, restoration of degraded lands with these species, and incentivizing conservation through programs like payments for ecosystem services.
Sustainable Forestry for Food Security and Nutrition CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Terry Sunderland, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the High Level Panel of Experts on
Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS), on June 27, 2017.
Sustainable Forestry for Food Security and Nutrition: FTA for better food sys...CIFOR-ICRAF
Forests play a crucial role in food security and nutrition in three key ways:
1) Forests directly provide food and generate income that supports food access for over 1 billion people worldwide. Forest foods contribute significantly to dietary diversity and quality.
2) Forests sustain agriculture through ecosystem services like water regulation, soil health, and pollination that support food production.
3) Maintaining forest and landscape diversity increases the resilience of food systems and dependent communities to climate change and other shocks by acting as a safety net during crises.
This document provides an overview of forests and biodiversity. It begins with definitions and classifications of forests, describing the different types of forests based on location and climate. It then discusses the many uses and benefits of forests, including providing fuel, fodder, habitat for wildlife, and regulating climate and rainfall. The document also covers causes and consequences of deforestation, as well as measures to conserve forests. It introduces biodiversity, defining it and describing the different types. It discusses the distribution of biodiversity globally and in India, threats to biodiversity from natural and human-caused factors, and approaches to conserving biodiversity through protected areas, education, and environmental legislation.
Presentation on International Forest Day 2020 Md Najmus SakibMdNajmusSakib
Md. Najmus Sakib is the District Team Leader of Climate Finance Transparency Mechanism Project of COAST Trust. He presented the presentation on International Forest Day 2020 at the Department of Forest, Patuakhali.
Llb i el u 5.1 forest and biodiversity managementRai University
This document provides an overview of forest and biodiversity management. It begins with definitions of forests and classifications of different forest types. It then discusses the uses of forests, products trade and marketing, causes of deforestation, and measures to conserve forests. The document also introduces biodiversity, including definitions and types. It discusses the distribution and importance of biodiversity, as well as threats to biodiversity. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of conserving biodiversity for human survival.
This document provides a draft of India's revised National Forest Policy of 2018. Some key points:
- It recognizes the need to update the 1988 policy to address new issues like climate change, urban forestry, and participatory management.
- The overall goal is ensuring ecological and livelihood security through sustainable forest management to provide ecosystem services.
- Objectives include conservation, rehabilitation, improving livelihoods, contributing to climate targets, and increasing forest cover.
- Strategies outlined include sustainable management of natural and plantation forests, protecting biodiversity, strengthening community forestry, and promoting agroforestry and urban greens.
Forrest resources ppt in 12 slides on engineeringmayank0613kumar
Forest resources provide many environmental, economic and social benefits. Forests come in different types - boreal, temperate and tropical - and contain high biodiversity. They sequester carbon, regulate water cycles and climate, and support many industries and livelihoods. However, forests face threats like deforestation, climate change and invasive species. International agreements and efforts like REDD+ aim to promote conservation, while technology like satellite monitoring helps sustainable management and protection of these vital ecosystems.
The Forest Action Plan defines the WBG’s contribution to the global forest agenda.
The Forest Action Plan FY16–20 (FAP) confirms the aim of the World Bank Group (WBG) to strengthen the role of forests in achieving the WBG’s goals of ending extreme poverty and increasing shared prosperity in a sustainable manner by 2030.
The FAP builds on the 2002 WBG strategy, Sustaining Forests: A Development Strategy, which continues to provide the overall framework for WBG engagement in forests, as well as a detailed analysis of the emerging demands coming from client countries.
An Ecological, Socio-Economic and Silvicultural Assessment of the Sustainabi...Sryahwa Publications
This document provides an assessment of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) from ecological, silvicultural, and socio-economic perspectives. It finds that RIL offers benefits over conventional logging for biodiversity at species and population levels by causing less damage to residual trees and soils. However, RIL may still cause species shifts in tropical forests by most affecting marginal or specialized habitats and species. It also discusses that RIL risks over-harvesting valuable trees and sustainable yields may only be possible with additional silvicultural treatments. Finally, it considers that RIL costs can be high and may not be compatible with retaining intact forest at the landscape scale or for many community forests.
Ecosystem Services for Biodiversity Conservation: Study of Corbett India Water Portal
Traditionally, the only market economic values Protected Areas recognised are tourism revenues and income from extractive activities.The difficulty in quantifying many of the economic, social, environmental and cultural values of protected areas lead to their undervaluation in land and resource use decisions
It is often perceived to be more profitable to convert a natural ecosystem than to leave it intact. A study of Corbett National Park shows indirect benefits like carbon storage and direct benefits like tourism.
Statement by the executive secretary of the convention on biological diversit...Christina Parmionova
Forests harbor some 80 per cent of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity; they support more than a
billion people with food, shelter, income, and energy. And they provide three quarters of the
world’s accessible freshwater. Containing over half of the global carbon stock in soils and
vegetation, forests also support us in combating climate change.
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, or the Biodiversity Plan, is a
comprehensive plan to protect forests and all ecosystems. Its goals are closely aligned with the
Global Forest Goals. They aim to to protect and restore nature; to prosper with nature; to share
benefits fairly; and to invest and collaborate for nature.
Over the past year, we have seen bold actions on forest conservation regionally and globally. A
number of countries have achieved major reductions in the rate of deforestation. The Belem
Declaration on the future of the Amazon Forest, the Three Basins Summit, and the Climate Change
Conference all set renewed commitments to step up action to protect forests.
But forests continue to face major threats.
The theme this year for International Day of Forests “Forests and Innovation: New Solutions for a
Better World” is thus very pertinent. We need innovation and new solutions to provide early
warning of forest fires and other threats, to combat organized crime, and to promote sustainable
forest management and fair supply chains in support of a sustainable bioeconomy. New solutions
can build on the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous peoples and local
communities and help to secure their rights over land and resources.
Let us all work together to protect forests and to implement the Biodiversity Plan.
Let us work to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity by 2030, towards our vision on living in
harmony with nature.
We can all be part of the Plan.
Implication of agricultural practices, commercial logging and forest conserva...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the implications of agricultural practices, commercial logging, and forest conservation in Ikono Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was administered to 300 respondents across the local government area. The results showed a significant positive relationship between agricultural practices like bush burning and levels of forest conservation. There was also a significant relationship found between commercial logging practices and forest conservation levels. The study concluded that agricultural practices and commercial logging negatively impact forest conservation in the area.
Terry Sunderland | Key findings from the High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) r...CIFOR-ICRAF
Terry Sunderland, Professor of tropical forestry at the University of British Columbia, senior associate at CIFOR, and HLPE project team leader, presented during a seminar on food system resilience on Feb. 12, 2019, organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA).
The document discusses how land use changes can affect turbidity levels in receiving waters. Agricultural activities like crop production and cattle operations can increase nonpoint pollution and contaminate nearby water through surface runoff and erosion. Areas with annual crops and minimal vegetation cover, such as recently tilled fields in spring, tend to have higher turbidity due to increased runoff and erosion. Wetlands, while effective at removing bacteria, can also increase turbidity by acting as biofilters. Turbidity levels are negatively correlated with forested areas but positively correlated with annual crop coverage and urban land use.
Co managing ecosystem services of forest reserves in ghana-the case of the bo...Alexander Decker
1. The document discusses co-managing the ecosystem services of the Bobiri Forest Reserve (BFR) in Ghana through stakeholder collaboration.
2. The forest communities have traditional rights to collect some non-timber forest products for personal use, but need permits for commercial use. However, overexploitation has led to declines in ecosystem services.
3. Effective co-management requires stakeholders to negotiate management responsibilities to sustainably manage forest resources and ensure long-term provision of ecosystem services through knowledge sharing and coordination between fragmented stakeholders.
Recommendations from science to the development agenda: the High Level Panel ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Terry Sunderland, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the IUFRO 2017 conference in Freiburg, Germany, on September 22, 2017.
Importance of social forestry for food security in BangladeshUmme Salma Tuli
This document is a presentation on social forestry in Bangladesh presented by 11 group members. It discusses how social forestry plays an important role in food security, disaster response, and meeting household needs. Social forestry contributes to food security through maintaining soil fertility, erosion control, direct food production, and providing rural employment and income. It also helps meet needs during disasters and emergencies by providing alternative food and income sources. Social forestry is important for fulfilling various household, cultural, and social needs in rural communities in Bangladesh.
The document discusses the relationship between international trade and the environment. It notes that while trade rules were established before environmental concerns became prominent, there is now an increased potential for conflict as both environmental regulations and trade have expanded rapidly. Trade liberalization could have both positive and negative environmental effects depending on context. Countries are concerned about the environmental impacts of trade as well as how domestic environmental policies might restrict trade more than necessary. Stronger environmental standards in some countries could also impact their competitiveness. Overall, the trade and environmental regimes have developed separately and more coordination is now needed to address potential conflicts.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of deforestation. It notes that deforestation is driven by agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, logging, mining, and human settlement. This results in habitat destruction, reduced biodiversity, and disrupted ecosystems. Deforestation also contributes to climate change by releasing stored carbon and reducing carbon absorption. It impacts human communities by threatening livelihoods and increasing flooding. The document recommends controlling deforestation through afforestation, sustainable practices, and policies to regulate land use and protect forests.
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player bio4climate
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
The environment provides humans with everything we need to survive. This presentation looks at the services ecosystems deliver humanity and the importance of conserving plant biomass and diversity in order to maintain those services
Natural Resource Management and Bio-Diversity Conservation in Indiaijceronline
1) The document discusses natural resource management and biodiversity conservation in India. It notes that India has a large population and livestock population putting pressure on shrinking natural resources.
2) Key issues addressed include biodiversity loss, the impacts of human and economic development on the environment, and the connections between energy, natural resources, and the environment. Sustainable management of resources like forests, water, land, and wildlife is important for economic growth, food production, and community livelihoods.
3) The document examines causes of land degradation globally like deforestation, overgrazing, fuelwood consumption, agricultural mismanagement, and urbanization, and the need to balance development and environmental protection.
Ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation and sustainable agricultureExternalEvents
The presentation by Dr. Abigael Otinga (University of Eldoret) outlines the concept of “ecosystem services” and particularly their relevance not only for biodiversity conservation but also for ensuring sustainable production of healthy and abundant crops. The presentation was given at a national training workshops for stakeholders involved in the revision of the Kenya NBSAP that was held at ICRAF in Nairobi, 25-26 May 2016. More information on the event are available at: www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/417489/ .
Dr. Ambika is an Assistant Professor at K.R. Mangalam University in Gurugram. She is researching ear cockle, a fungal disease that infects wheat. Ear cockle reduces wheat yields by destroying kernels and contaminating grains with black fungal structures.
This document provides information on the identification of various ornamental plants including their common name, scientific name, family, origin, habit, propagation method, flowering features and other descriptive details. Some of the plants mentioned are Euphorbia, Fish tail palm, Durenta, Din ka raja, Red dracaena, Rhapis palm, Canna, Lal patti, Ashoka, Bottle brush and Pagoda tree. The document identifies over 30 different ornamental plants.
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Ähnlich wie cbd-good-practice-guide-forestry-powerpoint-en.ppt
Forrest resources ppt in 12 slides on engineeringmayank0613kumar
Forest resources provide many environmental, economic and social benefits. Forests come in different types - boreal, temperate and tropical - and contain high biodiversity. They sequester carbon, regulate water cycles and climate, and support many industries and livelihoods. However, forests face threats like deforestation, climate change and invasive species. International agreements and efforts like REDD+ aim to promote conservation, while technology like satellite monitoring helps sustainable management and protection of these vital ecosystems.
The Forest Action Plan defines the WBG’s contribution to the global forest agenda.
The Forest Action Plan FY16–20 (FAP) confirms the aim of the World Bank Group (WBG) to strengthen the role of forests in achieving the WBG’s goals of ending extreme poverty and increasing shared prosperity in a sustainable manner by 2030.
The FAP builds on the 2002 WBG strategy, Sustaining Forests: A Development Strategy, which continues to provide the overall framework for WBG engagement in forests, as well as a detailed analysis of the emerging demands coming from client countries.
An Ecological, Socio-Economic and Silvicultural Assessment of the Sustainabi...Sryahwa Publications
This document provides an assessment of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) from ecological, silvicultural, and socio-economic perspectives. It finds that RIL offers benefits over conventional logging for biodiversity at species and population levels by causing less damage to residual trees and soils. However, RIL may still cause species shifts in tropical forests by most affecting marginal or specialized habitats and species. It also discusses that RIL risks over-harvesting valuable trees and sustainable yields may only be possible with additional silvicultural treatments. Finally, it considers that RIL costs can be high and may not be compatible with retaining intact forest at the landscape scale or for many community forests.
Ecosystem Services for Biodiversity Conservation: Study of Corbett India Water Portal
Traditionally, the only market economic values Protected Areas recognised are tourism revenues and income from extractive activities.The difficulty in quantifying many of the economic, social, environmental and cultural values of protected areas lead to their undervaluation in land and resource use decisions
It is often perceived to be more profitable to convert a natural ecosystem than to leave it intact. A study of Corbett National Park shows indirect benefits like carbon storage and direct benefits like tourism.
Statement by the executive secretary of the convention on biological diversit...Christina Parmionova
Forests harbor some 80 per cent of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity; they support more than a
billion people with food, shelter, income, and energy. And they provide three quarters of the
world’s accessible freshwater. Containing over half of the global carbon stock in soils and
vegetation, forests also support us in combating climate change.
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, or the Biodiversity Plan, is a
comprehensive plan to protect forests and all ecosystems. Its goals are closely aligned with the
Global Forest Goals. They aim to to protect and restore nature; to prosper with nature; to share
benefits fairly; and to invest and collaborate for nature.
Over the past year, we have seen bold actions on forest conservation regionally and globally. A
number of countries have achieved major reductions in the rate of deforestation. The Belem
Declaration on the future of the Amazon Forest, the Three Basins Summit, and the Climate Change
Conference all set renewed commitments to step up action to protect forests.
But forests continue to face major threats.
The theme this year for International Day of Forests “Forests and Innovation: New Solutions for a
Better World” is thus very pertinent. We need innovation and new solutions to provide early
warning of forest fires and other threats, to combat organized crime, and to promote sustainable
forest management and fair supply chains in support of a sustainable bioeconomy. New solutions
can build on the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous peoples and local
communities and help to secure their rights over land and resources.
Let us all work together to protect forests and to implement the Biodiversity Plan.
Let us work to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity by 2030, towards our vision on living in
harmony with nature.
We can all be part of the Plan.
Implication of agricultural practices, commercial logging and forest conserva...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the implications of agricultural practices, commercial logging, and forest conservation in Ikono Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was administered to 300 respondents across the local government area. The results showed a significant positive relationship between agricultural practices like bush burning and levels of forest conservation. There was also a significant relationship found between commercial logging practices and forest conservation levels. The study concluded that agricultural practices and commercial logging negatively impact forest conservation in the area.
Terry Sunderland | Key findings from the High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) r...CIFOR-ICRAF
Terry Sunderland, Professor of tropical forestry at the University of British Columbia, senior associate at CIFOR, and HLPE project team leader, presented during a seminar on food system resilience on Feb. 12, 2019, organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA).
The document discusses how land use changes can affect turbidity levels in receiving waters. Agricultural activities like crop production and cattle operations can increase nonpoint pollution and contaminate nearby water through surface runoff and erosion. Areas with annual crops and minimal vegetation cover, such as recently tilled fields in spring, tend to have higher turbidity due to increased runoff and erosion. Wetlands, while effective at removing bacteria, can also increase turbidity by acting as biofilters. Turbidity levels are negatively correlated with forested areas but positively correlated with annual crop coverage and urban land use.
Co managing ecosystem services of forest reserves in ghana-the case of the bo...Alexander Decker
1. The document discusses co-managing the ecosystem services of the Bobiri Forest Reserve (BFR) in Ghana through stakeholder collaboration.
2. The forest communities have traditional rights to collect some non-timber forest products for personal use, but need permits for commercial use. However, overexploitation has led to declines in ecosystem services.
3. Effective co-management requires stakeholders to negotiate management responsibilities to sustainably manage forest resources and ensure long-term provision of ecosystem services through knowledge sharing and coordination between fragmented stakeholders.
Recommendations from science to the development agenda: the High Level Panel ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Terry Sunderland, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at the IUFRO 2017 conference in Freiburg, Germany, on September 22, 2017.
Importance of social forestry for food security in BangladeshUmme Salma Tuli
This document is a presentation on social forestry in Bangladesh presented by 11 group members. It discusses how social forestry plays an important role in food security, disaster response, and meeting household needs. Social forestry contributes to food security through maintaining soil fertility, erosion control, direct food production, and providing rural employment and income. It also helps meet needs during disasters and emergencies by providing alternative food and income sources. Social forestry is important for fulfilling various household, cultural, and social needs in rural communities in Bangladesh.
The document discusses the relationship between international trade and the environment. It notes that while trade rules were established before environmental concerns became prominent, there is now an increased potential for conflict as both environmental regulations and trade have expanded rapidly. Trade liberalization could have both positive and negative environmental effects depending on context. Countries are concerned about the environmental impacts of trade as well as how domestic environmental policies might restrict trade more than necessary. Stronger environmental standards in some countries could also impact their competitiveness. Overall, the trade and environmental regimes have developed separately and more coordination is now needed to address potential conflicts.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of deforestation. It notes that deforestation is driven by agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, logging, mining, and human settlement. This results in habitat destruction, reduced biodiversity, and disrupted ecosystems. Deforestation also contributes to climate change by releasing stored carbon and reducing carbon absorption. It impacts human communities by threatening livelihoods and increasing flooding. The document recommends controlling deforestation through afforestation, sustainable practices, and policies to regulate land use and protect forests.
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player bio4climate
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
Mark Leighton - Forests: A Pivotal Player
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
The environment provides humans with everything we need to survive. This presentation looks at the services ecosystems deliver humanity and the importance of conserving plant biomass and diversity in order to maintain those services
Natural Resource Management and Bio-Diversity Conservation in Indiaijceronline
1) The document discusses natural resource management and biodiversity conservation in India. It notes that India has a large population and livestock population putting pressure on shrinking natural resources.
2) Key issues addressed include biodiversity loss, the impacts of human and economic development on the environment, and the connections between energy, natural resources, and the environment. Sustainable management of resources like forests, water, land, and wildlife is important for economic growth, food production, and community livelihoods.
3) The document examines causes of land degradation globally like deforestation, overgrazing, fuelwood consumption, agricultural mismanagement, and urbanization, and the need to balance development and environmental protection.
Ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation and sustainable agricultureExternalEvents
The presentation by Dr. Abigael Otinga (University of Eldoret) outlines the concept of “ecosystem services” and particularly their relevance not only for biodiversity conservation but also for ensuring sustainable production of healthy and abundant crops. The presentation was given at a national training workshops for stakeholders involved in the revision of the Kenya NBSAP that was held at ICRAF in Nairobi, 25-26 May 2016. More information on the event are available at: www.fao.org/africa/news/detail-news/en/c/417489/ .
Ähnlich wie cbd-good-practice-guide-forestry-powerpoint-en.ppt (20)
Dr. Ambika is an Assistant Professor at K.R. Mangalam University in Gurugram. She is researching ear cockle, a fungal disease that infects wheat. Ear cockle reduces wheat yields by destroying kernels and contaminating grains with black fungal structures.
This document provides information on the identification of various ornamental plants including their common name, scientific name, family, origin, habit, propagation method, flowering features and other descriptive details. Some of the plants mentioned are Euphorbia, Fish tail palm, Durenta, Din ka raja, Red dracaena, Rhapis palm, Canna, Lal patti, Ashoka, Bottle brush and Pagoda tree. The document identifies over 30 different ornamental plants.
Dr. Ambika is an Assistant Professor at K.R. Mangalam University in Gurugram. She is researching ear cockle, a fungal disease that infects wheat. Ear cockle reduces wheat yields by destroying kernels and contaminating grains with black fungal structures.
Plant diseases are caused by living pathogens that infect plants and obtain nutrition from them. Major pathogens include fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. The development of plant disease requires the simultaneous presence of a susceptible host, viable pathogen, and favorable environmental conditions, known as the disease triangle. Understanding the differences between disease symptoms visible on plants and physical signs of the pathogen helps with plant disease identification.
This document provides an introduction to biology and the characteristics of living organisms. It discusses that all living things share the abilities to grow, reproduce, respond to their environments, and maintain homeostasis. It describes how organisms are classified and named through the scientific processes of taxonomy and binomial nomenclature. The key characteristics that define life are then outlined, including organization, metabolism, reproduction, growth and adaptation.
This document lists 4 locations in India: Ghamroj, Garhi Bazidpur (School Park), Kharoda village, and Lakhuwas, which is mentioned twice. It appears to be providing information about 4 different villages or locations.
This document provides information about different methods of drying grains and agricultural products. It discusses natural drying methods like solar or sun drying, as well as mechanical drying methods like heated air convective drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, fluidized bed drying, and spray drying. For each method, it outlines the basic process, advantages, and disadvantages. The key methods covered are natural sun drying, mechanical heated air drying, contact plate drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, and fluidized bed drying. The document aims to strengthen understanding of drying basics and acquaint students with various drying principles and technologies.
This document discusses determining various engineering properties of biomaterials, including shape, size, bulk density, and porosity. It outlines methods to measure grain size and shape, 1000 grain weight, bulk density, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity, swelling index, and porosity. The objectives are to strengthen understanding of biomaterial properties and provide basic knowledge of measuring properties like shape, size, density, and porosity.
This document provides information on the production technology of cabbage and cauliflower. It discusses the objectives and introduction of the topic, describes the plant characteristics, varieties, climatic requirements, cultivation practices including propagation, planting, fertilization and irrigation. It also covers pest and disease management as well as post-harvest handling practices. The key points covered are the origin and worldwide production of cabbage and cauliflower, methods of cultivation from soil preparation to harvesting, and control of common pests and diseases that affect the crops.
This document provides an overview of important engineering properties of agricultural crops including cereals, pulses, and oilseeds. It discusses various physical properties like size, shape, density, and thermal properties. It describes the structure and milling processes of various cereals like wheat, rice, and corn. It also discusses properties of pulses and common oilseeds and their uses. The document is intended to familiarize students with these engineering properties and how they influence the design of processing equipment.
14. High density planting and canopy managment in mango_0.pptAMBIKABHANDARI5
High density planting and careful canopy management can help increase mango productivity in India. This involves planting mangoes closer together at spacings of 5x5 meters, 7x7 meters, or 10x10 meters, and using pruning and training techniques to control tree sizes and maximize yields. Proper pruning helps stimulate flowering, improve air circulation and sunlight penetration, manage tree growth, and extend the productive lifespan of mango orchards.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to mimic human intelligence through problem-solving and decision-making. AI has many applications including expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, and robotics. While AI shows promise for helping humans, it also poses risks such as self-modifying systems leading to unexpected results and loss of control over advanced robots. Overall, AI research has increased our understanding of intelligence but also revealed its complexity, leaving opportunities for continued advancement.
Drones have the potential to revolutionize agriculture in India by enabling precision farming techniques. They can be used to monitor crop health, analyze soil conditions, map land usage, assess water stress in plants, and help with irrigation scheduling. Drones equipped with cameras and sensors provide remote sensing data that can be analyzed with software to generate vegetation indexes and 3D models. They can also be used to spray pesticides, sample water, and count livestock. However, there are also limitations like flight time, costs, weather dependence, and legal regulations that need to be addressed for drones to be widely adopted in Indian agriculture.
This document provides an overview of micro irrigation systems. It defines micro irrigation as applying small quantities of water below or on the soil surface through emitters. The key types are drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, bubbler irrigation, and mist/spray systems. Micro irrigation conserves water, saves on farm costs, and improves crop management. However, it also has higher costs and risks of clogging. Proper design considers soil type, crop needs, filtration, pressure control, and flushing to prevent issues. Scheduling is based on crop water requirements and soil moisture monitoring. Water quality must be considered to prevent emitter clogging.
This document provides an overview of micro irrigation systems. It defines micro irrigation as applying small quantities of water below or on the soil surface through emitters. The key types are drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, bubbler irrigation, and mist/spray systems. Micro irrigation systems have main components including a control head, distribution pipes, emitters, and a flushing system. Proper design considers factors like soil type, crop needs, and water quality. Micro irrigation can improve water use efficiency but requires maintenance to prevent emitter clogging. Scheduling is based on crop water requirements and soil moisture monitoring.
This document discusses the major and minor diseases that affect groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The major diseases described are tikka leaf spots (early and late leaf spot), rust, collar rot, root rot, stem rot, and bud necrosis. The causal organisms and symptoms of each disease are summarized. Some key management strategies mentioned include seed treatment, fungicide application, crop rotation, and use of resistant varieties. Minor diseases discussed more briefly include wilt, anthracnose, grey mould, and yellow mould.
1. This document summarizes the achievements of ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Vijayapura, Karnataka from 2011-2018. It provides details on staffing, facilities, farm areas, demonstrations conducted, trainings provided, and major problems addressed in crops and livestock.
2. The KVK interventions focused on increasing productivity and incomes through demonstrations of improved crop varieties and management practices for various crops. Trainings were also provided to farmers to build awareness. Major interventions addressed issues like pod borer and wilt in pigeonpea, integrated crop management in chickpea, and bacterial blight in pomegranate.
3. Innovative approaches included conducting surveys to monitor
This document outlines the course objectives, content, and recommended resources for Hort-502 Commercial Fruit Production. The course aims to familiarize students with the production technologies of major fruits in Pakistan. Key topics covered in the theory include classification of fruits, cultivation practices, climate and soil requirements, and cultural practices. The practical portion focuses on fruit health management, pollination, cost of production, cultivar identification, and farm visits. The document recommends textbooks and journals on fruit production technology.
Snake gourd is a tropical crop cultivated in South and Southeast Asia. It is rich in nutrients and has various medicinal uses. The long, cylindrical fruits are harvested when tender. Snake gourd grows best in warm, humid climates with well-draining soil high in organic matter. It is usually grown between June-July or December-January. Training is needed to support the long, soft fruits off the ground. Proper irrigation and fertilization are important for high yields of 20-25 tons per hectare. The perishable fruits are sent quickly to local markets after harvesting.
- Vegetables are classified based on the part of the plant that is eaten, such as leaves, stems, bulbs, roots, seeds, flowers, fruits, fungi, or tubers.
- They provide important nutrients like minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and flavor components.
- Key factors in choosing high quality vegetables include freshness, lack of decay/insects, and being at the right stage of maturity.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
1. This presentation has been prepared as part of the publication “Sustainable Forest Management,
Biodiversity and Livelihoods: A Good Practice Guide”. The CBD endorses the use and modification
of these presentation materials for non-commercial purposes. If modifying the presentation
materials, photograph credits should be maintained.
SUSTAINABLE FOREST
MANAGEMENT,
BIODIVERSITY and LIVELIHOODS
2. OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Forestry, biodiversity and poverty reduction
Ecosystem services provided by forests
Environmental impacts of forestry: A snapshot
Some current trends
GOOD PRACTICES
Biodiversity in production forests
Agroforestry
Forest landscape restoration
Forest protected areas
Non-timber forest products
Payments for environmental services
The role of indigenous and local communities
Forest biodiversity in national strategies and action plans
Access and benefit-sharing
Communication, education and public awareness
RESOURCES
References
3. i
It is estimated that 60 million indigenous people are
almost wholly dependent on forests, while 350 million
people depend on forests for a high degree for subsistence
and income (World Bank 2004).
The poor rely on forest goods and ecosystem services for a
range of basic needs: food, shelter, clothing and heating.
This presentation, and associated booklet, highlights some
tools which serve poverty reduction and biodiversity
conservation objectives, including: timber harvesting,
agroforestry, non-timber forest products, protected areas,
local indigenous uses, and more.
Forestry, biodiversity, and poverty reduction
INTRODUCTION
4. i
Forests are amongst the most biologically-rich terrestrial
systems.
Today, it is understood that forest biodiversity underpins a
wide ranges of goods and services for human well-being:
storage and purification of drinking water
mitigation of natural disasters such as droughts and floods
storage of carbon and regulation of climate
provision of food, rainfall, and a vast array of goods for
medicinal, cultural and spiritual purposes.
Conserving forest biodiversity is a prerequisite for the long-
term and broad flow of forest ecosystem services.
Ecosystem services produced by forests
INTRODUCTION
5. i
Ecosystem goods and services
The Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment reports that a large and
increasing number of forest
ecosystems, populations and species
are threatened globally or being lost
due to the loss and degradation of
forest habitats.
Tropical moist forests are home to
the largest number of threatened
species of any biome. It is assumed
that numerous, but not yet
scientifically described, species are
presently being lost together with
their tropical forest habitats (MEA
2005).
INTRODUCTION
MEA
(2005)
ECOSYSTEM GOODS AND SERVICES
Provisioning Services
▪ Food, Fiber and Fuel
▪ Genetic Resources
▪ Biochemicals
▪ Fresh Water
Cultural Services
▪ Spiritual and religious
values
▪ Knowledge system
▪ Education and
inspiration
▪ Recreation and
aesthetic value
Regulating Services
▪ Invasion resistance
▪ Herbivory
▪ Pollination
▪ Seed dispersal
▪ Climate regulation
▪ Pest regulation
▪ Disease regulation
▪ Natural hazard
protection
▪ Erosion regulation
▪ Water purification
Supporting Services
▪ Primary production
▪ Provision of habitat
▪ Nutrient cycling
▪ Soil formation and
retention
▪ Production of
atmospheric oxygen
▪ Water cycling
6. i
Forestry can have a variety of negative impacts on biodiversity,
particularly when carried out without management standards
designed to protect natural assets.
Biodiversity loss: Unsustainable forest operations and other pressures on
forest resources, such as gathering of fuelwood, can lead to forest
degradation and permanent losses in biodiversity.
Climate change: As forest ecosystems are important stores for carbon,
their loss has serious implications for climate change. Deforestation and
forest degradation are estimated to cause about 20% of annual
greenhouse gas emissions (SCBD 2008).
Livelihoods of forest dwellers: Forestry can also have negative impacts on
indigenous and local communities, and on the livelihoods of other forest
dwellers by competing with these communities for access to a finite forest
resource base, and by disregarding cultural or spiritual sites and practices.
Environmental impacts of forestry
INTRODUCTION
7. Illegal hunting: Increased hunting continues to be a major threat to
forest biodiversity in many countries. The depletion of wildlife is
intimately linked to the food security and livelihood of numerous
tropical forest-region inhabitants, as many of these forest-dependent
people have few alternative sources of protein and income.
Unsustainable hunting pressures are often linked to logging activities
(Nasi et al. 2008).
Illegal settlements: Another side effect of forestry operations, illegal
settlements are a threat to forest biodiversity following construction of
new forest access roads to previously inaccessible regions.
i Environmental impacts of forestry
INTRODUCTION
8. i Positive impacts of forestry
Yet, forestry management has evolved considerably in past
decades, demonstrating significant positive impacts for biodiversity
conservation, while also delivering social and economic benefits to
host communities.
Sustainable Forest Management (SFM): The General Assembly of the UN
has adopted the most widely, intergovernmentally agreed defition of SFM
as: a dynamic and evolving concept aims to maintain and enhance the
economic, social and environmental value of all types of forests, for the
benefit of present and future generations (UN 2008, Resolution 62/98).
Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) practices can include some of the following:
Directional tree felling to inflict the smallest impact on the surrounding forest;
Establishing stream buffer zones and watershed protection areas;
Using improved technologies to reduce damage to the soil caused by log extraction;
Careful planning to prevent excess roads which give access to transient settlers
INTRODUCTION
9. i Some current trends: Forest biodiversity
INTRODUCTION
Forest biodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate. Key publications
such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA 2005) and the Red
List of Threatened Species™ (IUCN 2004) indicate that a large and
increasing number of forest ecosystems, populations and species are
threatened globally or being lost due to the loss and degradation of forest
habitats.
The percentage of forest area designated for the conservation of
biological diversity has increased significantly between 1990 and 2005,
with an estimated 11.2% of total forest area having this objective as its
primary function.
Forested wetlands represent a particularly vulnerable forest type.
Forested wetlands are highly biodiversity-rich and provide significant
ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, and they underpin
productive fisheries.
Areas under agriculture and pasture are expanding, often at the expense
of forest.
10. i Some current trends:
Sustainable use and consumption
INTRODUCTION
More than 1.6 billion people depend to varying degrees on forests for
their livelihoods, e.g. fuelwood, medicinal plants and forest foods.
The consumption of main timber products (roundwood, sawnwood,
pulp, paper) is expected to increase over the next 30 years.
Illegal and /or unsustainable logging and harvesting of forest
products seriously undermine national efforts to improve sustainable
forest management in many countries. Governments, mostly in
developing countries, lose an estimated US$15 billion a year as a result
of uncollected taxes and royalties.
There has been significant growth in some non-timber forest
products (NTFP) markets with extension of market systems to more
remote areas; growing interest in products such as herbal medicines,
wild foods, handcrafted utensils, and decorative items; and
development projects focused on production and trade of NTFPs.
11. Civil society and private sector players are playing an increasingly
important role in management of forest products, reflecting the
public’s desire to secure a range of ecosystem services from forests.
There has been a strong move toward both privatization and the
decentralization of control over forests, forest management services,
and enterprise.
Market-based responses are redistributing rights to stakeholders,
making them more effective in securing both wood supplies and other
ecosystem services.
The forest area under certification has increased rapidly in recent
years. However, to date this trend is seen primarily in industrialized
countries, and only locally in developing countries, and certification
does not yet seem to be affecting timber production or trade at a
significant scale.
i
INTRODUCTION Some current trends:
Sustainable use and consumption
12. Biodiversity in forest management
GOOD
PRACTICES
The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have developed
“Guidelines for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in
tropical timber production forests” (ITTO and IUCN 2009). The guidelines
include, amongst others:
1. Observe national laws, plans and practices of local communities in
forest management activities, and support the implementation of
international biodiversity related agreements.
2. Establish a forest management plan in which biodiversity
conservation objectives are clearly and explicitly identified for each area
of forest under management.
3. In preparation of harvesting plans, pay particular attention to the
local occurrence of species or habitats of special conservation concern
and species that perform vital ecological functions
>> Biodiversity in production forests
13. Biodiversity in forest management
GOOD
PRACTICES
4. Plan the allocation of tropical production forests at a landscape scale
and plan harvesting blocks in ways that do not disrupt the continuity of
mature forests.
5. Raise public and political awareness on international/national laws
and disseminate biodiversity information and strategies using various
media.
6. Coordinate actions of forest owners, users and managers across
landscapes to best ensure the maintenance of sufficient high quality
connected habitat for species.
7. Large-scale planted forests can provide a forest matrix within which
areas of high conservation value can be protected and managed.
Encourage the establishment of representative natural forest within the
plantation estate and, where possible, the restoration of natural forests
on appropriate sites.
>> Biodiversity in production forests
14. CASE STUDY
GOOD
PRACTICES
Biodiversity in production forests (Malaysia)
Approximately 1.5 million hectares in the Malaysian state of Sarawak are
degraded forests, earmarked for tree plantations (Hevea brasiliensis (rubber)
and Acacia mangium)
Grand Perfect Sdn Bhd, a consortium of local timber companies, has
planned three types of land uses in the project area:
1. state lands earmarked for A. mangium planting (230,000 hectares);
2. indigenous customary rights and former shifting cultivation lands
(110,000 hectares); and
3. conservation zones (150,000 hectares) that contain high conservation
value or other kinds of ecologically important forests.
The project will eventually produce 5 million tonnes of industrial wood per
year and simultaneously play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation in the
state of Sarawak.
Source: ITTO and IUCN 2009
15. Agroforestry is defined as: a land-use system in which woody perennials
(trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos) are deliberately used on the same land
management unit as agricultural crops (woody or not), animals or both, in
some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence (ICRAF n.d.).
Trees can provide a range of benefits in agricultural systems:
fruit trees for nutrition and medicinal trees to combat disease.
fodder trees that improve smallholder livestock production
timber and fuelwood trees for shelter and energy
Agroforestry landscapes have higher biodiversity per unit than
agricultural landscapes, and they offer habitats to numerous rare species
Agroforestry contributes to human well-being by providing additional
income; increasing food security through a higher diversity of agricultural
products (e.g. fruits, nuts, and edible oils); and by providing fuelwood and
construction material and thus reducing deforestation.
>> Agroforestry
GOOD
PRACTICES Biodiversity in forest management
16. Biodiversity conservation and local livelihoods – Traditional
Rubber Agroforestry (Sumatra)
The traditional rubber agroforests are complex multi-strata systems
important for biodiversity, yet are being destroyed by the intensification of
agriculture and other land uses
Potential to conserve biodiversity within rubber agroforests depends on
appropriate innovative interventions, including payment mechanisms.
The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in partnership with local NGOs
WARSI and Gita Buana, implemented an action-research project in Bungo
district in Jambi, Sumatra on reward mechanisms for conservation of
traditional rubber agroforests.
Agreements to conserve 2,000 ha of jungle rubber were made with four
villages. Rewards in the form of support to establish micro-hydro power
generators, local tree nurseries and model village forests were provided.
CASE STUDY
GOOD
PRACTICES
Source: Joshi, L. 2009
17. Estimates of the amount of land available for forest landscape restoration
(FLR) activities range from 350 to 850 million ha.
The Global Partnership on Forest Landscape Restoration identifies three
main principles which characterise FLR:
1. Restoration of a balanced and agreed-upon package of forest functions;
2. Active collaboration and negotiation among a mix of stakeholders; and
3. Working across a landscape.
Restored forest landscapes may include areas protected for watershed
management and nature conservation, well-managed commercial
plantations, tree buffers or strips along rivers to protect against flooding and
erosion, agroforestry systems, and planned community development.
Restored forest landscapes can provide a range of benefits such as
employment opportunities, a source of timber for forest industries and local
communities, increased habitats for animals and plants, a secure and high-
quality supply of water, and recreation and tourism opportunities.
>> Forest landscape restoration
GOOD
PRACTICES Biodiversity in forest management
18. Restoring forests in the Miyun Reservoir watershed
benefits rural and city communities (China)
Three quarters of the forests in the watershed of China’s Miyun
Reservoir – which provides most of the drinking water for Beijing’s 17
million residents – are in poor condition.
Many of the residents of the watershed are poor and economically
disadvantaged, especially compared to their neighbours in the city.
The IUCN Livelihoods and Landscape Strategy is working with the
Beijing Forestry Society to enhance local peoples’ access to forest
products, improve benefits for community livelihoods, and increase
household income by 25%. Activities being undertaken include:
Developing a multi-stakeholder landscape and biodiversity restoration plan
for the Miyun reservoir watershed
Investigating and improving the potential for alternative energy sources,
NTFP production and ecotourism
Improving compensation schemes for the ecosystem services of the Miyun
reservoir.
CASE STUDY
Source: IUCN 2009
GOOD
PRACTICES
19. A protected area is defined by IUCN as: an area of land and/or sea
especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological
diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed
through legal or other effective means (IUCN n.d.).
Forested protected areas can help safeguard a range of ecosystem goods
and services, and are therefore a vital tool in managing for resilient forest
ecosystems, and forest-dependent communities.
Protected areas provide valuable and numerous benefits to:
Protect biological diversity and evolutionary processes
Prevent and reduce poverty by supporting livelihoods, providing social and
cultural governance and subsistence values
Ensuring breeding grounds for wildlife and fish, critical to food security
Generate tremendous direct economic benefits, and serve as a key asset
for the tourism industry—critical to many developing economies.
GOOD
PRACTICES Biodiversity in forest management
>> Forest protected areas
20. Source: Ruiz-Pérez et al. 2005
CASE STUDY
GOOD
PRACTICES
Livelihood benefits of an extractive forest reserve (Brazil)
The 506,200 ha Alto Juruá Extractive Reserve (AJER), is located in the
westernmost part of the Amazon, and was created in 1990.
The creation of AJER has allowed inhabitants within the reserve to
organise to create management plans, and to allocate responsibilities
for reserve governance.
More secure land and tenure rights accompanying reserve creation
have led to diversification of the local economy — beans have replaced
rubber as the primary commodity, and are grown mainly on riverbanks.
Analysis of forest cover changes during the first decade of AJER’s
establishment (1989-2000) indicates deforestation to have occurred in
only 1% of the area.
There have been indications of recovery of threatened species such as
jaguar, tapir, peccaries, and several species of primates, assumed to be
linked to the depopulation of remote forest areas.
21. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment estimates that up to 96% of the
value of forests is derived from non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and
services (MEA 2005).
Most of the more than 5,000 commercial forest products are non-timber
products, including pharmaceuticals and food.
Forests are often the ‘pharmacy’ and ‘supermarket’ for the rural poor.
Yet, the important role of NTFPs in the national and particular rural
economy is often not reflected in national statistics, or in relevant
strategies and plans.
Good forest governance, including clear tenure rights and proper law
enforcement, plays a crucial role for the sustainable use of NTFPs. The
most successful approaches for governance are based on a ‘tri-partite
approach’, with government, civil society, and the private sector jointly
agreeing upon necessary reforms and improvements.
GOOD
PRACTICES
>> Non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
Biodiversity in forest management
22. The Novella Africa Initiative (East, Central and West Africa)
CASE STUDY
Sources: IUCN 2008, UNDP n.d.
GOOD
PRACTICES
The Novella Africa Initiative is a public-private partnership formed in
2002 by Unilever, a number of internataional NGOs , and governmental
organizations and NGOs in Africa.
The initiative is undertaking commercial scale collection and
extraction of oil from seeds of the Allanblackia (AB) tree, which is native
to tropical forests of West, Central and East Africa. This oil is used by
Unilever to make food products, such as spreads, and detergents.
In Ghana and Tanzania, the planting of AB trees is increasing from
several thousand to about 100,000 trees a year and is being
incorporated into forest landscape restoration projects.
The project is expected to grow to include 150,000 farmers in Ghana,
Tanzania, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Liberia over the next decade,
generating US$100 million in returns.
23. The omission of NFTPs from government development strategies and
policies makes them more susceptible to unsustainable, unregulated and
unauthorized harvesting, as in the case of bushmeat hunting.
Bushmeat hunting is the extraction from the wild of any non-
domesticated terrestrial mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian.
Hunting for food in tropical forests is an issue of concern as the scale of
hunting occurring in these regions threatens many tropical forest species; it
is also linked to the food security and livelihood of numerous tropical forest-
region inhabitants, who have few alternative sources of protein and income.
Greater attention must therefore be given to governance issues (e.g.
policy and legislation, links to development assistance) and treating the
high-value bushmeat trade as an aspect of the national economy.
Local empowerment of resource users is a potential key strategy to
achieve long-term sustainability.
GOOD
PRACTICES
>> Unsustainable, unregulated and unauthorized
harvesting: Non-timber forest products
Biodiversity in forest management
24. Wildlife management in a community reserve (Peru)
CASE STUDY
Source: Nasi et al. 2008
GOOD
PRACTICES
The Reserva Comunal Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo in the Peruvian Amazon
comprises some 3,225 km2.
The diversity of mammals in the reserve is greater than in any other
protected area in the Amazon, and possibly globally.
Hunting pressure is limited to local subsistence consumption, sales of
dried meat to Iquitos, and peccary pelts for sale to overseas markets.
Wildlife management draws on community-based and co-
management strategies, involving local communities, government
agencies, NGO extension workers and researchers.
Decisions on resource use and management are voted upon during
community meetings, and are informed by research and monitoring.
Data shows that harvests of all species except tapir are sustainable,
and ways are being sought to ensure that tapir hunting is also reduced
to sustainable levels.
25. Payments for environmental services
Payments for environmental services (PES) can be defined as: voluntary
transactions whereby a defined environmental service (or a land-use likely
to secure that service) is bought by a buyer from a provider, on the
condition that the provider secures provision of the service (Wunder 2008).
PES is a type of economic instrument that provides incentives to land
owners to supply environmental services, which benefit society more
broadly.
Environmental services markets have been developed for carbon
sequestration, watershed services, biodiversity conservation, and
landscape beauty / recreation.
PES projects can potentially serve the dual goals of preserving critical
ecosystem services and the biodiversity upon which they depend, while
also contributing to poverty reduction (UNEP and IUCN n.d.).
GOOD
PRACTICES
26. Pioneering payments for forest environmental services (Costa Rica)
Source: Pagiola 2008
CASE STUDY
GOOD
PRACTICES
Costa Rica’s Pagos por Servicios Ambientales (PSA) recognizes four
environmental services provided by forests: mitigation of greenhouse gas
emissions, hydrological services, biodiversity conservation, and provision
of scenic beauty for recreation and ecotourism.
Landowners must submit a sustainable forest management plan,
prepared by a licensed forester, describing plans for preventing poaching
and illegal harvesting, and outlining monitoring schedules.
Payments for landowners: US$64/ha/year for forest conservation plans,
and US$816/ha over 10 years for plantations.
As of 2005, about 270,000 ha were enrolled in the programme,
primarily as forest conservation contracts.
The PSA programme has been partly credited for helping Costa Rica,
once having some of the world’s highest deforestation rates, to achieve
zero net deforestation by the early 2000s.
27. The role of indigenous and local communities
Forests are home to an estimated 60 million indigenous people, who are
directly dependent on forest resources and the health of forest
ecosystems for their livelihoods.
The cultural and spiritual identity of Indigenous Peoples is often linked
to intact primary forests with their rich biodiversity.
In the Amazon basin, for example, knowledge of the medicinal,
nutritional and cultural uses of over 1,300 different forest plants is
common in local indigenous communities.
Forest operations, as well as landscape-level planning, should take into
account both the rights and traditional knowledge of indigenous and local
communities.
The main principle for achieving this is through the effective
participation of indigenous peoples and local stakeholders in decision-
making and governance processes, on the basis of free, prior and
informed consent to any projects, plans or changes that affect their
communities, traditional lifestyles, and environment.
GOOD
PRACTICES
28. Pygmy communities use GPS and community radio to protect
cultural sites (Congo)
CASE STUDY
Source: CTA 2008
GOOD
PRACTICES
Congolaise Industrielle des Bois (CIB) manages a 1.3 million hectare
area of Congolese forest home to 9,000 Mbendjele Pygmies.
Standards set by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) require CIB to
protect ‘sites of special cultural, ecological, economic or religious
significance to indigenous peoples’.
Such information can only come directly from the Mbendjeles, who
are dispersed throughout the forest, and most do not speak any
European languages.
The “Indigenous People’s Voices project” allows the Mbendjeles to
plot significant forest areas using a geographic information system (GIS),
which are then accounted for in CIB’s harvesting plans.
Using GIS and radio technology, the Mbendjele keep each other
informed about areas to be protected and areas to be logged, thereby
helping them protect their land and culture.
29. Forest biodiversity in national strategies
and action plans
National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) are important
national tools for the conservation and sustainable use of forest
biodiversity, but forests are also addressed in a number of other strategies
and action plans, such as Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs).
PRSPs, NBSAPs, National Forestry Programmes, and other strategies and
plans, must converge towards a holistic approach to natural resource
management at a landscape level.
GOOD
PRACTICES
National Strategy / Action Plan Description Leading International Process Links
National Biodiversity Strategies
and Action Plans (NBSAPs)
Main policy document for
national implementation of CBD
Secretariat of the Convention
on Biological Diversity
www.cbd.int/nbsap/
National Forest Programmes
(NFPs)
National strategy for sustainable
forest management
FAO / UNFF www.nfp-
facility.org/home/en
National Adaptation Programmes
of Action (NAPAs)
National plans for
implementation of adaptation
measures under the UNFCCC
UNFCCC / international
implementing organizations /
bilateral cooperation agencies
www.unfccc.int
Poverty Reduction Strategy
Papers (PSRPs)
National and regional strategies
for development
World Bank and International
Monetary Fund
www.imf.org/externa
l/np/prsp/prsp.asp
National and local forest
inventories and management
plans
Basic tool for forest decision-
making at local level
National and local forest
administrations
30. Local tenure facilitating forest restoration and poverty reduction
(Tanzania)
CASE STUDY
Source: PROFOR 2008
GOOD
PRACTICES
The HASHI (Hifadhi Ardhi Shinyanga—Swahili for soil conservation)
project supports restoration of ngitili (forest and shrubland set aside as
traditional grazing and fodder reserves).
Prior to the HASHI project, the forest lands of Shinyanga were highly
degraded as a result of government (both colonial and postcolonial)
policies, such as villagization and commercial coffee growing.
The 2002 Forest Act permits forest tenure at the local level through
Village land forest reserves and Community forest reserves; rights to use
and sell forest products from ngitili are recognized.
By 2004, at least 350,000 hectares of ngitili were restored or created
in 833 villages, encompassing a population of 2.8 million. The estimated
benefit per person per month of ngitili is US$14.
31. Access and benefit-sharing
The third objective of the Convention on Biological Diversity provides for
“the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilisation
of genetic resources…”
The properties of some genetic resources from timber and non-timber
forest products have contributed to the development of a broad range of
products, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
The Convention establishes that a person or institution seeking access to
a biological resource in a foreign country in order to use its genetic
material, should seek the prior informed consent of the country in which
the resource is located.
The sharing of benefits, through technology transfer, research results,
training, and profits can contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable
development in biodiversity rich developing countries.
Sharing of benefits can take the form of payment of royalties, joint
ownership over property rights, provision of equipment, etc..
GOOD
PRACTICES
32. Genetic resources from timber and non-timber forest products
EXAMPLES
GOOD
PRACTICES
The properties of some genetic resources from timber and non-
timber forest products have contributed to the development of a broad
range of products, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Some examples include:
Calanolide A and Calanolide B, compounds isolated from the latex
of Calophyllum tree species, found in the Malaysian rain forest, have
shown potential to provide treatment for the human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1);
Cussonia zimmermannii, a tree found in Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda
and Mozambique and widely distributed in South Africa is used as a
remedy for mental disorders;
The bark of the Prunus Africana tree, in sub-Saharan Africa has
been used by local communities for the treatment of a variety of
illnesses, including malaria, syphilis, high blood pressure, Asthma,
etc.
33. Communication, education and public awareness
One of the core principles of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) is
that it reflects a diverse range of societal values in reference to forest
conservation and use.
Public awareness raising and communication activities play a critical role
in informing and educating the public, thereby allowing them to more
effectively participate in SFM decision-making.
SFM requires the support at varying times and places from different
government departments, NGOs, indigenous and local communities,
business and industry, scientists, women’s groups, youth, and community-
based groups.
To work with these different groups, communication, education and
public awareness (CEPA) are crucial instruments to build trust,
understanding and shared agreements for action and to reduce conflict.
CEPA is needed to help people work together and innovate, and spread
information, knowledge, values and goals.
GOOD
PRACTICES
34. The Green Wave for biodiversity
CASE STUDY
GOOD
PRACTICES
The Green Wave is an ongoing global biodiversity education project
that encourages young people to make a difference in conserving the
basis for life on Earth.
The Green Wave invites children and youth in schools and groups
worldwide to plant a tree at 10 a.m. local time on 22 May – the
International Day for Biological Diversity – creating a “green wave”
across time-zones.
Participants upload photos and text to The Green Wave website
(http://greenwave.cbd.int/) to share their tree-planting stories with
others. An interactive map goes live in the evening at 20:10 local time,
creating a second, virtual, “green wave”.
In 2009, 42 schools and 1430 students in Managua, Nicaragua
participated in The Green Wave campaign.
35. REFERENCES
(CTA) Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation. 2008. ICT Update, Issue 42:
Indigenous knowledge, Logging the forest. Accessed at: http://ictupdate.cta.int/en/Feature-
Articles/Logging-the-forest.
ICRAFa. n.d. Accessed at:
http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/InformationResources/AgroforestryGlossary.asp.
(IUCN) International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 2004. 2004 IUCN red list of
threatened species: A global species assessment. IUCN: Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
IUCN. 2008. Private–public partnerships can achieve sustainable and equitable development.
Accessed at: http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/private_public_partnerships_ghana.pdf.
IUCN. 2009. Unpublished. Restoring forests in Miyun Reservoir watershed benefits rural and
city communities (China).
IUCN. n.d. Overview: What is a protected area? Accessed at:
http://www.iucn.org/about/union/commissions/wcpa/wcpa_overview/.
(ITTO and IUCN) International Tropical Timber Organization and the International Union for
the Conservation of Nature. 2009. ITTO/IUCN Guidelines for the Conservation and
Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Tropical Timber Production Forests. Second Edition. ITTO
Policy Development Series 17. Also available at:
http://www.itto.int/en/policypapers_guidelines/.
36. REFERENCES
Joshi, L. 2009. Biodiversity conservation and local livelihoods – case of Traditional Rubber
Agroforestry in Sumatra. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), SE Asia.
(MEA) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Policy
Responses. Volume 3, Ch. 8. Island Press, Washington, DC.
Nasi, R., D. Brown, D. Wilkie, E. Bennett, C. Tutin, G. van Tol, and T. Christophersen. 2008.
Conservation and use of wildlife-based resources: the bushmeat crisis. Secretariat of the
Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, and Center for International Forestry Research
(CIFOR), Bogor. Technical Series no.33, 50 pages.
Pagiola, S. 2008. Payments for environmental services in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics:
65: 712-724.
(PROFOR) The Program on Forests at the World Bank. 2008. Poverty and Forests Linkages: A
Synthesis and Six Case Studies. Accessed at:
http://www.profor.info/pdf/livelihoods/PovertyForestsLinkagesCaseStudiesSynthesis.pdf.
Ruiz-Pérez, M., M. Almeida, S. Dewi, E.M. Lozano Costa, M. Ciavatta Pantoja, A. Puntodewo,
A. de Arruda Postigo, and A. Goulart de Andrade. 2005. Ambio. 34(3): 218-223.
SCBD. 2008. Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (13/3). In-
depth review of the expanded programme of work for forest biological diversity. Accessed
at: http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/sbstta/sbstta-13/official/sbstta-13-03-en.pdf.
37. REFERENCES
Note: A complete list of references for this presentation can be found in the accompanying
booklet Sustainable Forest Management, Biodiversity and Livelihoods: A Good Practice Guide.
(UN) United Nations. 2008. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly 62/98: Non-legally
binding instruments on all types of forests. Accessed at:
http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N07/469/65/PDF/N0746965.pdf?OpenElement
(UNDP) United Nations Development Programme. n.d. A Growing Sustainable Business (GSB)
Case Study. Project Novella: The Allanblackia value chain in the United Republic of Tanzania.
Accessed at:
http://www.undp.org/partners/business/gsb/Brochure%20material%202009/GSB%20Case%2
0Study%20-%20Tanzania%20B_C01.pdf.
UNEP and IUCN n.d. Developing International Payments for Ecosystem Services: Towards a
greener world economy. Accessed at:
http://www.unep.ch/etb/areas/pdf/IPES_IUCNbrochure.pdf.
World Bank. 2004. Sustaining Forests: A Development Strategy. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Wunder, S. 2008. Necessary Conditions for Ecosystem Services Payments. Conference Paper:
Economics and Conservation in the Tropics – A Strategic Dialogue (January 31- February 1,
2008). Accessed at:
http://www.rff.org/Documents/08_Tropics_Conference/Tropics_Conference_Papers/Tropics_
Conference_Wunder_PES_markets.pdf
Photo credits: Slide 1, top to bottom - Eric Belvaux, UNEP, UNEP/S. Nazan, Flickr.com/retro traveler. Slide 2, top: FAO / David Gilbert.
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