1. 100% Renewable Smart
Energy Systems
Henrik Lund
Professor in Energy Planning
Aalborg Universitet
Energy Conference
12 October, Yifu Congress Centre, Qingdao, China
2. Aalborg University, Denmark
Jutland/Denmark:
• > 40% wind power (local owners)
• High share of the world’s offshore power
• 30% Distributed Generation
• 50% of electricity supplied by CHP
• >50% District Heating
• 10% of Natural Gas produced from Biogas
3. Renewable Energy Systems
A Smart Energy Systems Approach to the
Choice and Modeling of 100% Renewable Solutions
1. Edition in 2010
2. Edition in 2014
New Chapter on
Smart Energy
Systems and
Infrastructures
4. The long-term Objective of
Danish Energy Policy
Expressed by former Prime
Minister Anders Fogh
Rasmussen in his opening
speech to the Parliament in
2006 and in several political
agreements since then:
To convert to 100%
Renewable Energy
Prime minister 16 November 2008:
”We will free Denmark totally from
fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas”
Prime minister June 2019:
”… 70% reductions in Green
House gases by 2030..”
Prime minister 16 November 2008:
”… position Denmark in the
heart of green growth”
5. 2019 New Government and agreement:
70% reductions in
Greenhouse gases by 2030
Climate Law and Action plan:
1. Energy savings in among others public buildings
2. National Strategy for Sustainable buildings
3. Strategy for electrification of transport, industry
and society in general
4. More funds for green research and
demonstration projects
5. Assessment of Danish and North Sea countries
mutual expansion of offshore wind
6. Investigation of energy island of 10 GW wind
before 2030
7. Support afforestation (new forest)
8. Climate adoption via coordination of coastal
protection
7. Energy System Analysis Model
能源系统分析模型
CHP
Boiler
Electro-
lyser
Heat
pump and
electric
boiler
PP
RES
electricity
Fuel
RES heat
Hydro water
Hydro
storage
Hydro
power plant
H2 storage
Electricity
storage
system
Import/
Export
fixed and
variable
Electricity
demand
Cooling
device
Cooling
demand
Transport
demand
Process
heat
demand
Industry
Cars
Heat
storage
Heat
demand
www.EnergyPLAN.eu
12. Smart Energy Systems智慧能源系统:
Hourly modelling of all smart grids to
identify synergies!
所有智能电网的逐小时建模以识别协同效应
… and influence of different types of
energy storage..!
以及不同储能方式的影响
14. From electricity smart grids to smart
energy systems published 2012
Smart Energy Systems and
Infrastructures published 2014
Smart Energy and Smart
Energy Systems published 2017
15. Smart Energy Systems智慧能源系统
The key to cost-efficient 100% Renewable Energy
实现具有成本效益的100%可再生能源体系的关键点
• A sole focus on renewable electricity (smart grid)
production leads to electricity storage and flexible demand
solutions!
专注可再生电力生产(智能电网)的电力存储和灵活供给解
决方案
• Looking at renewable electricity as a part smart energy
systems including heating, industry, gas and
transportation opens for cheaper and better solutions…
将可再生电力看作智能能源系统的一部分,包括采暖、工业、
天然气和交通,可以找到更便宜和更好的解决方案。
Power-to-Heat
热电联产
Power-to-Gas燃气发电
Power-to-Transport电力交通
16. Energy Storage 储能
Pump Hydro Storage抽水蓄能电站
175 €/kWh
(Source: Electricity Energy Storage
Technology Options: A White Paper Primer
on Applications, Costs, and Benefits.
Electric Power Research Institute, 2010)
Natural Gas Underground Storage
天然气地下储存
0.05 €/kWh
(Source: Current State Of and Issues
Concerning Underground Natural Gas
Storage. Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, 2004)
Oil Tank 油罐
0.02 €/kWh
(Source: Dahl KH, Oil
tanking Copenhagen A/S,
2013: Oil Storage Tank.
2013)
Thermal Storage 蓄热站
1-4 €/kWh
(Source: Danish Technology
Catalogue, 2012)
价格 效率
价格
(欧元/MWh)
效率
%
储能: 价格和效率
电力 热力 天然气 液体燃料
24. Four different technologies
Power
Station
40 units of electrcity
80
Elec.
Electric
heating
80 units of
heat
300 units of
fuel
Electric heating
Power
Station
40 units of electricity
Boiler 80 units of heat
100 units of
fuel
Traditional System
100 units of
fuel
200
units of
fuel
CHP
plant
40 units of electricity
80 units of heat
135 units of
fuel
CHP System
CHP
unit
40 units of electricity
Heat
Pump
80 units of
heat
Integrated System with renewable energy
85 units of
fuel
Wind
turbine
20 elec.
10 elec.
45 heat
28. CEESA Project 2011/2012
CEESA项目 2011/2012
Transport交通:
Electric vehicles is best from an energy efficient
point of view. But gas and/or liquid fuels is
needed to transform to 100%.
从能源效率的角度来看,电动汽车是最好的。
但是气体和/或液体燃料转化需达100%。
Biomass生物质:
.. is a limited resource and can not satisfy all the
transportation needs.
是一种有限的资源,不能满足所有的运输需求
Consequence推论
… Electricity from Wind (and similar resources)
needs to be converted to gas and liquid fuels in
the long-term perspective…
从长期来看,风(和类似资源)的电力需要转
化为天然气和液态燃料
33. A Clean Planet for all
A European long-term strategic vision
for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy
34.
35. Guiding principle:
transitioning the current energy system in
Aalborg to 100% Renewable Energy
in a way so it fits into 100% RES in DK, then
Europe and finally the World
• Sustainable use of Biomass
• Definition of transport demands
• How to handle Industry
• How to balance electricity
demand and supply as well as
other fuels