2. A
Presentation
On
“MICROCONTROLLER BASED
OBJECT SEPERATOR
AND COUNTER”
R C PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SHIRPUR
Guided by
Prof. K.H .SONAWANE
PRESENTED BY
BHUSHAN AHIRE

3. we have sorted the object in three categories i.e. High, Medium and
Low and if the bigger object comes in the range it is moved aside and the
object come in this range is counted and passed and is displayed for the
industrial use.
And for the object sorting we have used three IR pairs (TX-RX) which
would pass the object which is below the range of TX-RX and when the
big object arises between TX & RX, the loop breaks and provides the
signal to the Microcontroller IC and counts that the object is bigger
and allows the gear motor to move this object away.
So all the object get sorted and counted when it comes in this range.
Similarly operations are done for Medium and Small size. So in industry we
can sort the object according to its size and placed aside, actually which is
time consuming. So our project would be a great help to industry.

5. There are different blocks used for different
function. Here we explain working of each block step
by step.
•IR-TX (1 to 3):-
Here it is used for converting electrical energy into
infrared light energy. The light transmitted by this diode
is invisible to us.
•IR-RX (1 to 3):-
IR-TX and RX are placed opposite to each other.
When any object enter between them, then IR. light cuts
and due to his resistance of IR-Receiver increases.

6. •Transistor Switching (1 to 3):-
They are used to drive negative supply & to drive
relay. When the object enters between sensors then
negative supply is obtain. According to input the
microcontroller provides signal to this section. The
current obtain from the IC is not sufficient to drive
relay therefore for relay driving relay driver is used
means transistor switching circuit is used i.e. if the
object appears the corresponding transistor
triggers/switches.

7. •Microcontroller IC :-
It is used to interface sensors with LCD and Relay.
This section receives the signal from the IR-TX & IR-
RX. According to which object has appeared. A logical
low signal is provided to Microcontroller and according
to the size of the object, assigns a counter to it and
increments it and also which object appears, IC gives
signal to the gear motor to move that block.
•LCD Display:-
This is a 16*2 alphanumerical display, which
displays the size as well as the count of object and which
converts electrical signal to digital signal in visual form.

8. •Relay(1 to 3):-
As the corresponding transistors gets
triggered, It provides supply to the relay and the
relay gets energized and gear motor gets started.
•Gear Motor:-
Here gear motor is used to rotate the strip
which is connected to the motor so that the object
is moved away.

10. The Different components are used for different
Functions. Here we explain working of each
component step by step.
• Resistors(R1 to R3):-
These resistors are used for current limitation of
diode (D1 to D3).
• Diode(D1 to D3):-
These diodes are infrared light transmitter. They
are used to convert electrical signal into corresponding
Infrared light signal. The infrared light transmitted
which is invisible to us.

11. •Resistor(R4 to R6):-
These resistors are used for biasing. They bias positive
supply to the base of transistor.
•Diode(D4 to D6):-
These Diodes are infrared light receiver. They used to
sense IR light. IR-TX & RX are place to opposite of each
other. The infrared light transmitted by transmitter is received
by IR-RX. Therefore forward resistor IR decreases means
they work as a diode and negative current is obtain at the
base of corresponding transistor. When any object enter
between any sensor then IR light gets cuts by the object and
resistance of IR-RX increase, due to this positive current
obtain at the base of corresponding transistor. Therefore
corresponding transistor gets triggered and negative current
flow from emitter to collector.

12. Transistor(Q1 to Q3):-
These transistors are used for switching purpose.
•Resistor(R17 to R19):-
These resistors are used for positive biasing.
•Microcontroller IC:-
This IC is used to interface optic sensor with Relay &
LCD Display. Here pin no. 31 & 40 is connected to VCC, Pin
no. 20 is connected to VEE, Pin no. 1 to 3 is used as input pin
and Port 0 (P0) is used for display driving.
•Transistor(Q4 to Q6):-
These transistors are used as positive supply driver.

13. •Transistor(Q7 to Q9):-
These transistors are used for relay driving.
• Relay(RL1 to RL3):-
These relays are used to drive the gear motor.
• Resistor(R14 to R16):-
These resistors are used for current limitation.
• Diode(D7 to D9):-
These diodes are LEDs. They used for visual information
of energies & De-energies.

15. • The objects are sorted in fraction of the seconds in
three categories i.e. High, Medium and Low.
• Also the controller displays the count for the entire three
objects.
• Circuit size is small.
• Mechanical assembly is simple to understand.
• Circuit is easy to understand.
• Consumes less power.
• Requires low maintenance cost.
• All the components are easily available in local market.

16. •Circuit is costly.
•It only sorts according to the size and not according to
weight.
•It cannot sort the objects if the size of the object is below low
level or above high level.
•The user should reset the circuit after every 99 counts of each
level.

17. •This circuit can be used in industry where objects are sorted in
3 sizes.
•Also the count for the object is displayed.
•This circuit can also be used in packaging industry where
it continuously checks the sizes of the blocks and count is
maintained.

18. •We can also sort the object according to the weight.
•We can also give the voice information about the object and
its count by using voice IC.
•If we attach the weights to strip of gear motor then it would
move the object forcefully.
•We can attach the rotating belt on which the object can be
moved to their particular destination.

19. From this by using objects seperator and
counter with the help of microcontroller. We
can separate and counts the no of objects .