This document provides a biography of Mir Gholam Muhammad Ghobar, a prominent Afghan writer and politician. It discusses his formative years and education, positions he held working for two different regimes, and his major writings including Afghanistan at the Course of History. Ghobar faced difficulties from oppressive regimes but worked to establish democracy and record Afghanistan's history. He passed away in 1978 in Berlin while seeking medical treatment. Ghobar made significant contributions to documenting and sharing Afghanistan's cultural heritage through his writings.

1. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Ministry Of Higher Education
Balkh University
Faculty of Literature and Humanitarian
English Department
Mir Gholam Muhammad
Ghobar
Name: Said Muhammad
Class: Fall 2012
Course: Literature
Instructor: ReshadJamalyar

2. Table of Contents
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Formative years................................................................................................................................... 3
Position ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Ghobar‟s Books .................................................................................................................................. 4
Death ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Finding ................................................................................................................................................ 6
Suggestion ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 8
List of references................................................................................................................................. 9

3. “Literature is a kind of tool that helps one to: receive cultural heritages from past
generation, share with present and pass through the time to next generation.”
Abstract
It is important to know about the great writers of our country. We decide
to introduce the great writer, Mir Gholam Muhammad Ghobar, politician
and historian of Afghanistan. Many researchers worked on this great
man of Afghan literature. He born, he lived and he died for is country.
We respect him by writing about his great works he has done for his
country. In these pages we come up with a short biography and list of
works of Ghobar. The material comes from both electronic and non
electronic sources. The rich source which is more often used is official
website of HashmatGhobar son of Gholam Muhammad Ghobar.
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4. Introduction
Mir Gholam Muhammad Ghobar, one of the most popular writer and politician
of Afghanistan, was born in 1898 in Kabul, Afghanistan. When he was only ten
years old a great event happened in political situation of Afghanistan.
Newspapers and magazines start to establish. He was grown up in the situation
that people were going to a democracy.
He ran many important positions in the regime of Amanullah khan. He was
very important person and also that time he started to write. He was a real
patriot and he served all his life loving his country. He was thinking of a real
change in social and economic life of his people.
To achieve his goals, Ghobar start writing articles which was published in a
magazine. His writing was an alarm for the doctorate regime. He was forced to
stop writing and even he spent some time in prison. Ghobar‟s master piece is
Afghanistan at the Course of History (Afghanistan darmasir e tarikh). This book
is rich source of information about the history of Afghanistan.
Finally Ghobar got stomach ache because of stresses he got from the
difficulties created by secret service agents of regime. He went to western
Berlin to treat his illness, but the illness was developed and he died in 1978.
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5. Formative years
Mir Gholam Muhammad Ghobar was born in Kabul in 1899. He studied
history, literature, philosophy and social science. He got his education privately.
His father Mirza Mir Mahbob facilitated the way for Ghobar to be well
educated. When Ghobar was very young, social changes started in Kabul. Many
publications started to write about democracy for people.Kakar(1995) writes
that, “As a founding member of the Fatherland Party, Ghobar had played a
leading role in parliament and national politics in 1950s ….”(p.23). the result of
these movements was a political revolution and a social change in Afghanistan.
The victory of Afghanistan against Great Britain should be taken in account.
However these changes last not more than one decade. These changes strongly
affected Ghobar‟s life. In this critical situation, Ghobar decided to work for his
country and started to fight for democracy.
Position
Ghobar worked for two different regimes during his life. In Amanollah period,
he started is governmental work as editor of Afghan star weekly magazine 1919
and 1920. Also he worked as a public security department in 1920-1921. He
was secretary of Afghan Embassy in Paris in 1925. In Nadershah period he was
banned, arrested and even sent to jail for his patriotism and fighting against the
ruling regime to establish a real democracy but at the very ending point of his
administrative works he was sent as secretary of Afghan embassy in berlin in
1930. He stopped his governmental activities and comeback to his country to
empower the movements of freedom.HashmatGhobar (2004) in his dairy, about
his father writes “I remember those days. Those days my father was full of
angry of that tyrannical regime. He only thought how to help people to have
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6. their freedom.” He worked as journalist and historian under tyranny regime of
Nadershah.
Ghobar’s Books
The first volume of Afghanistan in the Course of History, in 840 pages, was
first printed in 3000 copies by Kabul Public Printing House in 1967. The
government banned the book before its publication. More than 15,000 copies of
the book were printed outside the country. This is the first scholarly written
history of Afghanistan, which starts from the beginning of the historical period
to the early second quarter of the 20th century.
The second volume of Afghanistan in the Course of History was written in 1973
in Kabul, but it was not possible to publish it because of M. Daud‟s suppressive
regime. In his will, Ghobar had entrusted his son (HashamatGhobar) to
preserve the manuscript of the second volume and print it in an appropriate
time. The successive oppressive regimes and then the foreign aggression in
Afghanistan blocked and delayed its publication. Providing funds for the
publication was another delaying factor. Finally, the original Persian text,
without the slightest change, was printed in 285 pages by Speedy Printing in
June 1999 in Virginia, USA. And now the English translation of the second
volume is published. The book covers the eventful years of the second quarter
of the 20th century.
Afghanistan in India, in 95 pages, is the history of the expansion of
Afghanistan‟s political influence in India. It was published in the first nine
issues of Majallah-e Kabul (Kabul Magazine, 1932).
Brief History of Afghanistan, in 68 illustrated pages, covers Afghanistan from
the ancient time of Avesta to the 20th century. It was published in the first
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7. edition of Kabul Salnameh (Year Book) in 1932 with an appendix of the ancient
names of Afghanistan and its provinces.
Death
Ghobar went to West Berlin for stomach treatment. On February 5, 1978, he
died in a hospital in Berlin. He died a few months before the coup of the
Soviet- installed regime in Kabul. He was buried in his ancestral
ShohadayeSalehin cemetery in Kabul.Ghobar left behind his wife, Lady Saleha,
with seven children: Maria Ghobar, Rona Ghobar, DoniaGhobar, Asad Hassan
Ghobar, Ashraf ShahabGhobar, Ibrahim AdhamGhobar, and Hashmat Khalil
Ghobar. In his diary, he wrote these words about his wife: “Lady Saleha is a
literate and industrious woman, a companion of my life, a partner in all my
distressing and dangerous adventures, a woman of patience and courage, who
has raised virtuous children and endured a great deal of hardship.”
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8. Finding
Like many afghan writers, Ghobar faced difficulties. I believe that he is the only
man who serves the afghan history the best. His master piece AFGHANISTAN
AT THE COURSE OF HISTORYis a rich source for both afghan and foreigner
researcher who research on Afghanistan history. I myself have read the
Afghanistan at the course of history volume one and suggest that each afghan
should read this great book once. To research on this great person of
Afghanistan, there are sources available in foreign media.
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9. Suggestion
To find more on Mir Gholam Muhammad Ghobar, ministry of culture and
information should hold on conferences. Unfortunately, there are fewer
conferences on afghan famous literal and politician men. At least department of
history should have annual conferences on dimensions of Ghobar‟s life. I
recommend students who want to have information about this great writer, refer
to Habibi‟s work about new politician in Afghanistan. This book contains not
only information about Ghobar but also about many politician and writers as
well.
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10. Conclusion
To sum up, I can say that Mr. Ghobar had a valuable life which was full of
serve and love for his country. However many of Ghobar‟s works are not
published; the works which are published are very valuable to history and
politic field. Ghobar fought for democracy and succeeded. He recorded what the
curl regime has done for the country. The struggle for freedom and physical
weakness lead him to stomachache disease. Finally he passed away in western
Berlin when he was in hospital fore treatment. Ghobar‟s books which was
presented to Kabul national library, serve the cultural heritage of Afghanistan.
First volume of Afghanistan at the Course of Historywhich led Ghobar to
prison of tyranny regime of Nadershah was continued by the second volume.
The second volume was not published and was kept hidden since Hashmat
Khalil Ghobar went and published that in USA. This valuable book is a very
dependable source for afghan and foreign researcher on history of Afghanistan.
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11. List of references
1. Habibi,Ab. (1993).Junbish_mashrutiat_dar_ Afghanistan. [Constitutional
movement of Afghanistan]. Kabul:Jamal Mina. p193
2. Husainzda, B. A. (2004, February). Biography of Ghobar: Rozgaran
monthly magazine,10, 3.
3. Husainzada, B.A. (2006). Gholam Muhammad Ghobar„s biography. Retrieved
October 3, 2012, from http://bbc.co.uk/persian/afghanistan/.../080205_s-
ghobar-anniv.shtml
4. Syawash, K. (1997). Ghobar‟s biography. Retrieved September 28, 2012,
from http://armaghanmille.wordpress.com/2008/06/05/who-is-mgm-
ghobar/
5. Ghobar, H. (2004). Biography of Ghobar. Retrieved September 20, 2012,
from http://www.mgmgobar.com/
6. Kakar, M. H. (1995). Afghanistan the soviet invasion and the Afghan
response. California: university of California press.
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