May 17 in Parallel Session 8C "Building resilience by strengthening governance and accountability". Presented by Suprayoga Hadi, Deputy Minister for the Development of Disadvantaged Regions, Indonesia.

1. BUILDING RESILIENCE BY STRENGTHENING
GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF POST-
DISASTER RECOVERY IN INDONESIA: CASE OF ACEH
Dr. Suprayoga Hadi (yogahadi@gmail.com)
Deputy Minister for Resources Development, Ministry of Disadvantaged Region
International Converence on Building Resilence for Food and Nutrition Security
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17 May 2014
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
MINISTRY FOR DISADVANTAGED REGION

2. Outline Topics of Presentation
1. Disaster recovery in Indonesia 2005-2010
2. Policy response on Aceh-Nias Post-disaster Recovery
3. Learning from Aceh-Nias Post-disaster Recovery
Process and Results
4. Improving Governance scheme on Post Disaster
Recovery in Indonesia
5. Lessons Learned and the way forward
2

3. Various significant disasters that occurs in Indonesia in the last 10 years
No Disaster Event Date
Damage & Losses (Billion Rp)
Damage Losses Total
1 Tsunami and Earthquake in
Aceh and Nias
Des 2004 9.208 32.192 41.400
2 Earthquake in Yogyakarta and
Central Java
Mei 2006 2.763 26.386 29.150
3 Earthquake Bengkulu & West
Sumatera
Sept 2007 939 949 1.889
4 Jabodetabek Flood, 2007 Feb 2007 649 4.535 5.184
5 Earthquake West Sumatera Sept 2009 2.397 18.470 20.867
6 Flash Flood in Wasior, West
Pupua
Sept 2010 237,4 43,17 280,58
7 Tsunami and Earthquake in
Mentawai Islands
Okt 2010 271,86 77,42 348,92
8 Mount Merapi Eruption in
Yogyakarta and Central Java
Okt 2010 1.685,37 1.943,35 3.628,71
3

4. EmergencRe
sponse
..…when disaster occurred…..
Disaster
Post RR
Post Disaster
Assessment
RR
Plan
Phase
Out
Plan
Longer
term
Dev’t
Plan
MTR
Interrupted development
ReconstructionRehabilitation
Normal
Development
4

5. Pre-
Disaster
Post-
Disaster
Emergency
Relief
Early Recovery
Rehabilitation &
Reconstruction
On-site
Rehabilitation
Relocation
Disaster
No Stages Necessary Assessment and Initiatives
1 Pre-Disaster Geographic, Demographic, Economy, Social, Infrastructure, Institution
2 Post-Disaster Victims, IDPs, Damage & Loss Assessment, Need Assessment
2.1 Emergency Relief Numbers & Distribution of IDPs & temporary shelters
2.2 Early Recovery Shelters, basic infrastructures, social services, basic livelihoods, facilitation
2.3 Rehab-Recons Housing, infrastructures, social, local economy, institution
2.3.1 On-site Rehab-Recon Identification of Household, rehab location, risk mitigation, financing, time-frame
2.3.2 Relocation Ident. of Household, location preparation, risk mitigation, financing, time-frame
3 Better Livelihood Applying Disaster Mitigation & Risk Reduction for Better Settlement & Livelihood
Better
Settlement &
Livelihood
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Post-Disaster Recovery Logical Framework
5

6. Phases of Post-Disaster Recovery
PHASES OF RECOVERING AFTERMATH DISASTERS
Objective:
Life rescue
Emergency rescue
Building up public kitchen
Rescuing alive victims
Cleaning up wreckages
Providing temporary
settlement
EMERGENCY RESCUE
Time: 1 – 2 months
RESCUE PHASE
Objective:
Recovering minimum
standard public services
Public services
Basic social services
Basic infrastructures
Recovering economic
facilities
Rebuilding settlements
Mental rehabilitation
Time: Month 2 – 12
RECOVERY PHASE
Objective:
Reconstructing the whole
system, including:
Economy (production,
trade and commerce,
banking)
Transportation
Telecommunication
Social and heritage
Institutional
RECONSTRUCTION
Time: Month 7 – 30
REHABILITATION
6

7. Post Disaster: From Description to Prescription
Damages
Losses
Human Effects
Recovery Needs
Post-Disaster
DRR Needs
Early Recovery
Needs
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Long-term
Recovery
Recovery
Financing
1.APBN
2.APBD
3.Donors
4.Communities
Post-Disaster
Risk Assessment
DaLA &
Humanitarian
Relief Needs Ass’t
Needs
Identification
Recovery
Action Plan
Recovery
Financing Plan
Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
7

8. • APBD-P
• RKPD
• RAPBD
• APBD-P
• RKPD
• RAPBD
• APBN-P
• RKP
• RAPBN
• MULTILATERAL
• BILATERAL
• ONBUDGET
• OFF BUDGET
FOREIGN AID
APBN
PROVINCIAL
APBD
CITY/
DISTRICT
APBD
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Funding Sources
8

9. Financed by
private/
company/
community
Financed by
community /
private with
government
support
Government
Expenditure,
support by
community
Finance by
Government
Expenditure
Housing and
settlement
Physical
rehabilitation
Infrastructure Physical
rehabilitation :
electricity
water, telecom
Physical
rehabilitation :
market-place
Physical
rehabilitation:
road, bridge,
irrigation
Social sectors Physical
rehabilitation :
culture/national
and world
heritage, health,
education
Physical
rehabilitation:
government
offices, public
facilities
Economic sectors Financial
stimulation,
and regulatory
support :
economic sector
in general
Financial
stimulation and
regulatory
support : SME
9

10. Aceh Post-Disaster Recovery Challenges Related to
Livelihood
1. Aceh was a conflict areas for years before the disaster, thus in
spite of rich in oil, gas, mining, and agriculture, the region is
economically isolated.
2. Nias is an island with poor infrastructure and limited access to
market, leaving much of the population in poverty, and the
cocoa and rubber as main commodities posses low value.
3. The destruction from earthquake and tsunami added a huge
burden to an already struggling population
4. Disasters caused lost of job and livelihood, roads network
disappear, and aid delivery difficult.
10

11. The Multi Donor Fund (MDF) for Aceh and Nias
1. In early 2005, Government requested establishment of
a multi donor fund to support the reconstruction.
2. 15 donors contributed USD 655 million,
3. The fund are used for 22 projects, group into six, i.e.:
a. Recovery of Communities
b. Recovery of Large Infrastructure and Transport
c. Recovery of Economic Development and Livelihoods
d. Strengthening Governance and Capacity Building
e. Enhancing the Recovery Process
f. Sustaining the environment
4. Each of these projects is attached directly to respective
technical ministries
11

12. Aceh Economic Development Financing Facilities (EDFF) and
Nias Livelihood and Economic Development Program (LEDP)
Aceh EDFF
1. To improve production, quality,
and value of agricultural product
that contribute to job creation
and poverty alleviation,
2. Working with all actors in product
supply chain, from on-farm pro-
duction, processing,
manufacturing, trading, to export
and end-user retailing, including
cooperatives.
3. Covers main commodities in 14
districts, i.e.: cocoa, coffee, rice, -
emping, patchouli, cattle, and
fisheries
Nias LEDP
1. Similar to EDFF in Aceh, except it
covers rubber, cocoa, and rice.
2. Also, it is focused mainly on on-
farm, particularly on
improvement of agricultural
practices, instead of all supply
chain.
3. Aids and activities include
training on agricultural practices,
provision of agricultural input,
provision of machinary and tool,
establishment of farmer group
and women group, proviosn of
b;ock grant for training and
implementation of of-farm
livelihhod.
12

13. Brief overview from Aceh-Nias 2005 - 2009
1) The 1st experience to employ Damages and Losses Assessment for recovery
strategy formulation, fully supported by the international community
2) Recovery strategies: outlined in the Master Plan for Aceh-Nias Rehabilitation
and Reconstruction (Perpres 30/2005) and its conclusion under Presidential
Regulation 47/2008
3) Centralized ad-hoc institutional arrangement (BRR) with multi-dimension role:
planning and resource mobilization, implementation, monitoring and
evaluation under Law 10/2005
4) Centralized management for restoring communities and social capital,
rebuilding infrastructure, revising livelihoods and communicating the recovery
progress
5) Insignificant degree of participation of the central line-ministries/agencies and
provincial government of Aceh and North Sumatera, high degree of
international attention and contribution
6) Innovation: a strong communication strategy for non-government resource
mobilization, off-budget tracking MIS and asset-tracking MIS
7) Resource mobilized: Rp 35,36 trillion (APBN+on-budget external assistance or
PHLN), USD 685,15 million (committed MDF), USD 3,70 million (non MDF
external assistance/off-budget)
13

14. 1) Presidential Regulation No.47/2008 on the Master Plan of RR NAD-Nias
and Presidential Regulation No.3./2009 are the legal basis of the
rehabilitation and reconstruction work in Aceh and Nias until the end of
2009;
2) The Master Plan of RR NAD-Nias was designed to have same length of
duration as the National Medium Term Development Plan (1st RPJMN) of
2005–2009. RPJMN itself was aimed to restructurize and develop Aceh (as
part of Indonesia) on a multi dimensional level based on Security and
Peace, Justice and Democracy and an Increase of the social welfare;
3) To ensure the existence of regulatory framework for the reconstruction
work in Aceh and Nias beyond the year 2009, Bappenas is currently
assisting Bappeda of NAD and Bappeda of North Sumatra in formulating
the Aceh Action Plan for Reconstruction Sustainability 2010 – 2012;
4) The Aceh Action Plan for Reconstruction Sustainability 2010 – 2012 is
designated to be inline with the 2nd RPJMN 2010-2014, with the RPJMN
itself, having a particular role in maintaining the development in multi
dimensional level based on Capacity Building, Technology enrichment and
Economic enhancement in terms of competitiveness.
Policy Framework for Aceh-Nias Recovery Process
14

15. National Medium-Term Plan (NMTP) 2005-2009 NMTP 2010-2014
President Regulations 30/2005 and 47/2008
15
Action Plan
2010-2012
Accelerated Sustainable
Development
16 Apr ‘09Apr ‘05 Dec’09Dec ‘08
BRR
Implementation & Coordination
Line Ministries & Local Governments
Execution
Liquidation Team,
PMU-RRI and PMU
of Line Ministries to
sustaining BRR
mandates
BKRAN,
BKRA,
BKRN
Coordina
tion
Kesinambungan RekonstruksiPenyelesaian Mandat BRR
Rekonstruksi
Stages toward Reconstruction Sustainability:
Case of Aceh-Nias Recovery Process

16. 2010 - 2012
2012
Magnitudeofinvolvement
Stages from Reconstruction to Accelerated Sustainable Development
Transition –
Reconstruction
Continuation
2012-2014
Accelerated
Sustainable
Development
(Action Plan)
Local
Governments,
Line Ministries
Loca Gov’ts,
Line Ministries
2010 2011
(Acelerated
Development Plan)
“Interface” between Action Plan and Accelerated
Development Scheme for Aceh and Nias Recovery Process
16

17. 1) Under the prevailing Law no. 24/2007, Government Regulation no. 21/2008,
Government Regulation no. 22/2008 and Government Regulation no. 23/2009;
the guideline for rehabilitation and reconstruction has been issued by BNPB
through the Chairman’ regulation no. 11/2009
2) National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) has authorized mandate to
discharge the on-call financing from APBN source, based on needs for post
disaster recovery
3) Bappenas, Ministry of Finance and BNPB collaborate closely to mobilize APBN-
sector funding for relevant line ministries through APBN-P mechanism, and
coordinate planning for Government Annual Workplan
4) To prevent delay for reconstruction, this overcome by: a) reconfiguring existing
projects and programs in the disaster-affected area; b) drawing on government
sources of financing; and c) mobilizing external assistance from donors and
NGOs that can flow outside of the government budget to support government
policies and programs
5) Bappenas leads the effort to mobilize external assistance through The
Indonesian Multi Donor Fund Facility For Disaster Recovery and signing the
MoU with The United Nations and the World Bank.
IMPROVING IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND
GOVERNANCE FOR POST-DISASTER RECOVERY POLICY
17

18. 1. The simplicity of recovery framework has been adopted (with locality
modification) at post-earthquake in West Sumatera (2007), and post-earthquake in
West Java-Central Java (2009), West Sumatera (2009), Mentawai Island, and
Merapi Eruption and lava flood (2010)
2. The existing public funding regulations and mechanisms does not allow a quick
response to post disaster needs, except from the restricted “on-call” resources
managed by the National Disaster Management Agency
3. Immediately after humanitarian relief, an interim intervention is required to
address the on-going crisis for the provision of transitional shelter, water and
sanitation, temporary health and education facilities, food allowance, protection
etc. to the affected communities
4. A national post disaster reconstruction fund may be an alternative mechanism to
address current and future disaster response in Indonesia; it should have the
following features: Provide flexible financing instrument for systematic response to
disaster, preferably for longer-term and future use if desired; and have a focus on
financing critical post disaster needs ie: housing, community infrastructure,
livelihoods, disaster risk reduction, technical assistance for quality assurance,
monitoring and evaluation
5. To fill-out the gap for interim intervention and scarcity of fund for longer term
recovery, international assistance is required
IMPROVEMENT FOR FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
OF DISASTER RECOVERY FRAMEWORK
18

19. LESSON LEARNED AND WAY FORWARDS
Since 2005 until 2012, a significant evolution is made on post disaster recovery
management:
1. Recovery policy incorporated disaster risk reduction and preparedness to
overcome possible future disaster, in alignment with Law no. 24/2007
2. Strengthening the local capacity for disaster management is become one of the
GoI priority under the RPJMN 2010-2014
3. Disaster management agency has been established at central and provincial level
to lead and coordinate the pre-disaster, during and post disaster program
implementation
4. DaLA and Action Plan for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction adopted as reference
for recovery implementation guideline
5. Partnership on external assistance is coordinated through the IMDFF mechanism;
led and owned by the GoI, for effective resource mobilization; AS WELL AS
complementary approach has been adopted through IMDFF for filling the
financing gap
6. Most importantly, on general perspective, recovery management responsibility
has been decentralized through lesson-learned and best practices in Aceh-Nias,
Yogyakarta-Central Java, West Java, West Sumatera
19

20. Dr. Suprayoga Hadi, is Deputy Minister for the Development of Resources at the Ministry for the Development of
Disadvantaged Regions, Republic of Indonesia. Before joining the Ministry for the Development of Disadvantaged
Regions in June 2011, when he was assigned as Deputy Minister for the Development of Special Region until March
2014, he had been assigned as Director for Special Area and Disadvantaged Region from August 2005 until June 2011 at
the Ministry for National Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), Republic of
Indonesia. His career at BAPPENAS began in 1990. He has various responsibilities for planning, programming and
monitoring of the policies and strategies for disadvantaged region and special area development, and has been
acknowledged as focal person on disaster reduction and recovery related issues, such as the rehabilitation and
reconstruction of post-disaster areas in Indonesia, particularly in post-disaster recovery process in Aceh and Yogyakarta, as well as post-
conflict regions in Aceh, Papua and Maluku. Since 2006 he has been a focal resource person for disaster risk reduction policy initiatives in
Indonesia, working with respective international donor agencies, such as the World Bank and UNDP, by which he has been appointed as the
National Project Directors for many foreign-assisted disaster reduction and conflict recovery related projects. Along with his assignment as
Government official of BAPPENAS and the Ministry of Disadvantaged Region, since 1992 he has been teaching as a lecturer in the graduate
program of regional development planning at University of Indonesia in Jakarta. After he obtained his master degree in regional planning at
Bandung Institute of Technology in 1990 and a bachelor degree in agricultural economics at University of Lampung in 1987, he enrolled in the
doctoral program at University of Southern California in 1998, and obtained his Doctoral degree in Planning and Development Studies in
2002.
THANK YOU