What is Personality? What are various Symbols of Self?

1. Personality
Development
By: Sadhana Banerji
Assistant Professor
NDIM

2. Meaning of Personality
The term
personality is
derived from the
Latin word persona
which means
“mask”. Among the
Greeks actors used
a mask to hide their
identity on stage.

3. Personality
The sum total
of ways in
which an
individual
reacts and
interacts with
others.

4. Personality Development
Techniques used to increase the
ability to influence others in
personal contact, as well as
techniques of persuasion and the
use of personal magnetism.

5. Factors Affecting Personality?
 Heredity
 Early experiences
with in the family
 Important events in
later life.

6. Self Awareness Test
This exercise
determines your self-
awareness. Use
appropriate response
as given below:
 Never (1)
 Sometimes (2)
 Frequently (3)
 Always (4)

7. 1. I feel comfortable in social activities
__________
2.I respect my self __________
3.I value myself __________
4.I enjoy work __________
5.I like my present life __________
6.I see myself as a successful person __________
7.Others respect me __________

8. 8.I am happy to be me and would not want to be
anybody else __________
9.I feel intellectually capable __________
10.When my feelings are hurt I express this
__________
11.I enjoy the company of new people
__________
12.People admire me __________
13.I am independent __________

9. 14.I like myself __________
15.I enjoy getting up in the mornings __________
16.I make contribution to the lives of others
__________
17.I consider others' views __________
18.I enjoy my time alone __________
19.I think of myself as a sharing person
__________
20.I think of myself as a loving person __________

10. 21.I fell worthy of the gifts offered to me
__________
22.I am happy with the way I live my life
__________
23.I am satisfied with my personal development up
to now __________
24.I see myself as a good looking person
__________
25.I consider comparing myself with other people
to be a waste of time __________

11. 26.I think of myself as a confident person
__________
27.I like my present place and residence
__________
28.I enjoy attending to my own needs : in exercise,
general care of myself and eating __________
29.I see myself as attractive to the opposite sex
__________
My Score __________

12. Result
Score Explanation
If your score is 65 or less You are a low achiever with low self
esteem. Improve your personality
Between 65 to 80 You are a medium achiever. You have
hidden potential. Success will be
yours, if you think.
Between 80 to 95 You are successful, with high esteem.
You have to improve communication
skills & self esteem
If your score is above 95 You have a high degree of self esteem
& you are a high achiever. Can
improve leadership qualities.

13. Personality Pattern
 The personality pattern is composed of traits ,or specific qualities of
behavior which characterize individual’s unique adjustment to life as
shown in his behavior and thought.
 Personality Pattern =Heredity+ Learning

14. Role of Heredity
 Principal raw materials of personality –
Physique, intelligence and temperament are the result of heredity.
 Personality is formed from the interaction of significant figures(First
the mother ,later the father ,siblings, extra familial figures)with the
child.
Stress on Heredity
The role of heredity is to point up the fact that the pattern is subject
to certain limitations.
For e.g. A person who inherits a low grade intelligence can not
even under the most favorable conditions develop a personality
pattern that will lead to good social adjustment.

15. Role of learning
Learning By :
 Imitation
 Conditioning
 Training
 Learning under guidance
Attitudes towards self, characteristics modes of responding to
people and situation, attitude toward the assumption of socially
approved roles, and method of social adjustment are learned
through repetition and are reinforced by the satisfaction they bring.
For e.g. If boy is encouraged to be aggressive then he will learn to
react to people and things in aggressive way .

16. Elements of Personality Pattern
Self Trait Personality
pattern

17. Self & Trait
1.Self
The personality pattern is composed of a core or centre of
gravity called the “concept of self ”

18. 1.Elements of Self
Self
Attitudinal
Perpetual
Conceptual

19. Perpetual Is the image the person has
of his body and of the
impression he makes on
others.
 It includes the image
he/she has of the
 Attractiveness
 Sex Appropriateness
 Importance of different parts of
his body.

20. Conceptual
Is the person’s conception of
his /her
 Distinctive characteristics
 Abilities
 Background
 Origin
 Future
It is often called as
“Psychological self concept”.

21. Attitudinal  The feelings a person has
about him/herself
 His/her attitude about present
status & future prospects
 His/her worthiness
 Self esteem
 As the person reaches
adulthood this component
include also the beliefs, values
,ideals which makes up his
philosophy of life.

22. Kind of Self concept
Self
Concept
Basic Self
1
Transitory
self
2
Real Self
3
Ideal Self
4

23. Basic Self Concept
It is the person’s concept of what he really is. It includes:
 His perception of his appearance, his recognition of
his abilities and disabilities, his values, beliefs and
aspirations.
 The basic self concept tends to be realistic.
 The person sees himself as he really is ,not as he
would like to be.

24. Transitory Self Concept
 James Suggested
When he referred to the “self he hopes he now is” and
the self “he fears he now is”.
 This means that a person a self concept which he
holds for a time and then relinquishes.
 Transitory self concept may be favorable or
unfavorable ,depending largely on the situation in
which person finds himself momentarily.

25. Social Self Concept
 It is based on the way the individual believes others
perceives him, depending on their speech and actions.
 It is usually a mirror image.
 For e.g. if a child is continuously told that he is
naughty “he soon develops a concept of himself as a
naughty child.

26. Ideal Self Concept
 The ideal Self Concept is made up of “what a person
aspires to be” and “what he believes he ought to be”.
 It may be related to physical as well as psychological
self image, or both.
 It may be realistic or unrealistic.

27. 2.Traits
2.Trait
An integrated system of learned responses called
“traits”.
For e.g. Honesty, Generosity, friendliness,
Stubbornness, Rigidity, Sensitive, Cruelty and
Egocentric etc.
These both are interrelated ,the pattern can be
compared to a wheel in which the hub
represents the trait.

28. Characteristics of Trait
Trait
Consistency
Uniqueness
Likableness

29. Interrelation Between Self & Trait
Traits
Satisfied with
achievements
Appreciative
Talkative
Friendly
I am lucky Guy
(Self Concept)

30. Symbol of Self
 Ms. Sadhana Singh
Lecturer-PGDM

31. Symbol of Self
 Symbol of self are the cues by which a
person is judged by others.
 Regarded as “symbol of identity”.

32. Symbol Of Self
Roles
 They influence
one’s judgment of
others .
 They influence
one’s self concept.
Conditions
 They must be
visible.
 The person using it
known its
significance.

33. Clothing
Name &
Nick
names
SpeechAge
Success
and
Reputation

34. 1.Clothing
Clothing is an important symbol of self
because it affects first impressions as well
as subsequent judgments of person.
For e.g. Excessive interest in clothing than normal is a
unfavorable self concept on other hand a careless
attitude toward clothes is also a unfavorable self
concept

36. Qualities symbolized
Qualities symbolized
1.Autonomy - In adolescence the
individual uses clothes as a symbol
of independence
2.Success- A person can symbolize
socio economic success by wearing
clothes made of superior material,
having large no of clothes
3.Sex Appropriateness- Male and
female both wear different clothes.
4.Maturity -Teenagers are very
conscious about their wearing.
•Dress centered people are
conscientious, conventional,
conforming, social, submissive
and sympathetic.
•Comfort in dress is associated
with self controlled ,socially
cooperative and sociable.
•Economy in dress is associated
with tendency to be responsible,
alert, efficient ,precise and
controlled

37. 2.Name and nick names
 Names are personal labels and identity symbols.
 A person’s name is his only symbol of self which
is permanent.
 A person is judge by his full name as well as by
its parts. For e.g. John J. Brown, J.J Brown,
John Jacob Brown.
Name
Sir
name
Full
name

39. Qualities symbolized
1.Identification If a person has a common name, he
will be judged as a common man.
Mom, Mummy – informal
relationship
Mother- formal relationship
2.Glamour A person whose name is regarded
as glamorous regarded as
glamorous person.
Plain Jane- Juliet
3.Personality type Certain names suggest introvert
personality like “Percy” and “violet”
While “Susan” and “George”
symbolize extrovert.
Dependable type is associated with
“John” while “Robin” or “Jo” is
associate with adventures people.
4.Sex Appropriateness Ronald , Susan ,Paula, Jack Robert
etc.

40. 3.Speech
 Speech is regarded as symbol of self because it
gives clues to the personality of speaker.
 Speech is the primary medium which all the
persons use to effect the society in which they
live ,and the main medium through which they
are affected by that society.

41. Qualities symbolized
1.Kind of speech The tone, voice, language,
pronunciation and sentence
formulation.
2.Content of speech People talk about their likes, dislikes
their fears and joy.
For e.g.
Children grow older- Self talk
diminishes and others talk appear.
Women – Personal problems, Family
talks.
Men – Formal talks, Job related talks,
technology.
Old- Health ,financial conditions
,living condition, treatment which
they receive from their family.
3.Quantity and Quality of Speech Girls are more talkative than boys
Tells about persons education and
social class.

42. 4.Age
 Every Culture group has assign some roles to different
ages and expect its members to behave in same the
manner.
For e.g. If one hears that Mrs. Smith daughter is unable
o read, the first question come to mind is “How old she
is?”
1. Cultural Attitude towards age
2. Symbol of Age
 Many people use this symbol to create an impression that they
belongs to an age group that is more favorably judged than
their own. For e.g. An adolescent who want to leave school or
get married may claim that he is older than he actually is.

43. Symbol of Age
1.Appearance Adult hood is considered as the
most handsome age .
Many men and women do
everything so that they can look
youthful.
2.Autonomy In middle of the age people have
more autonomy.
3.Activities For e.g. Indulge themselves in
activities like Smoking, drinking,
driving a car, leaving school having
affairs

44. 5.Success
 People always look for ways which proves them
successful symbolically so that the other will
judge them favorably
 Meaning of success is different for different
people.
For e.g. A member of lower socio economic group having
house furnishing that other admires is not so important as
having car.
On other hand member of middle and higher income group use
their home properly , decorate it for just impressing their
friends

46. Symbol Of success
1.Popularity Popularity is a symbol of good social
adjustment .
2.Leadership A person selected as leader is always
popular than common man.
3.Athletic achievements Athletic success is favorable for man and
social success is for woman.
4.Kind of occupation Some professions are considered as more
successful
5.Money More money which is visible is a symbol of
success.
6.Material Possessions Having a furnished house is a symbol of
success of breadwinner
Having car that is larger than the cars of his
friends.

47. 6.Reputation
 The character imputed to a person – is a symbol
of self which others use to judge the individual.
 Imputed character may or may not be realistic .
 Reputations are acquired from social judgments
based on first impression ,observation of
behavior and culture stereotype.

48. Evaluation of Personality
Sadhana Singh
HRP 01
Lecturer-PGDM

49. Evaluation of Personality
Sick Personality Healthy Personality

50. Sick Personality
 “Sick” personality is one in which there is a
break down in the personality structure
which results in poor personal & social
adjustments. As a result there is an
impairment in the way he adjusts to
everyday life situations. The scientist
regards such a person as “disturbed”,
“disordered”, and in severe cases,
“neurotic”, or “psychotic”.

51. Causes of Personality Sickness
 Physical +Psychological
1. Physical -
A permanent upset in body homeostasis ,due to
headache or a digestive disturbance may leads to
personality sickness.
Brain Damage at any age can leads to personality
sickness.
2. Psychological –
The fundamental psychological cause of personal
sickness is anxiety.

52. Causes of Sick Personality
Self Rejection Causes:
 Unrealistic expectations,
 Environmental obstacles,
 Unfavorable social attitudes,
 Personal limitations,
 Severe emotional strain,
 Repeated failures,
 Identification with
maladjusted people.
 Poor childhood training,
 Lack of motivation.

53. Major Category of Personality Sickness
1. Socially unacceptable behavior patterns.
Form of behavior which are satisfying to the
person but are socially unacceptable.
2. Socially acceptable behavior patterns.
Form of behavior patterns that are socially
acceptable but not satisfying to the person
who engages in them.

54. Danger Signals of Personality Sickness
1. Immaturity
2. Regression
3. Antisocial behavior
4. Defense mechanism
5. Showing off
6. Psychological pain killers.
7. Conformity
8. Cruelty
9. Suicide

55. Variation in Personality Sickness
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Socio Economic
4. Family Size
5. Popularity

56. Healthy Personality
People with healthy
personalities are those
who are judged to be well
adjusted. They are so
judged because they are
able to function efficiently
in the world of people.
They experience a kind of
“inner harmony” in the
sense that they are at
peace with others as well
as with themselves.

57. Characteristics of Healthy
Personality
 Realistic self appraisals
 Realistic appraisal to
situations
 Acceptance of reality
 Acceptance of
responsibility
 Acceptance of
emotional control
 Goal orientation
 Happiness

58. Keep your face shining, he whose face gives no
light shall never become
Star