2. CONTENTS
1. Solar tracker
2. Aim of the project
3. Hardware used
4. Block diagram
5. Hardware description
6. Power supply
7. Microcontroller AT89S52
8. ULN2003
9. Advantages
10.Disadvantages
11.Application
12.References
3. ïA solar tracker is a generic term used to describe devices
that orient or align various payloads toward the sun.
ïExample for payloads are photovoltaic
panels, reflectors, Collectors, lenses or other optical devices.
ïThe system focuses on the optimization of the electric energy
produced by photovoltaic cells through the development of a
sun-tracking system.
SOLAR TRACKER
4. AIM OF THE PROJECT
ïTo follow the sun from dawn, throughout the day, till
evening and again from dawn next day.
ïThe driver will have to position a photo-voltaic panel to the
best angle of exposure to sunlight for collection of maximum
solar energy.
5. HARDWARE USED
ïTRANSFORMER (230 â 12 V AC)
ïVOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805)
ïMICROCONTROLLER(AT89S52)
ïPUSH BUTTONS
ïULN2003
ïSTEPPER MOTOR
ïLED
ïIN4007
ïRESISTORS
ïCAPACITORS
9. MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52
âą 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable
(ISP) Flash Memory
âą 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
âą Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
âą Three-level Program Memory Lock
âą 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
âą 32 Programmable I/O Lines
âą Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
âą Eight Interrupt Sources
âą Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
âą Interrupt Recovery from Power-down
Mode
âą Fast Programming Time
10. ULN2003
ï ULN is Relay driver application.
ï The ULN2003 is a high voltage and high current
Darlington transistor arrays.
ï It consists of seven NPN Darlington pairs that
features high-voltage output with common-
cathode clamp diode for switching inductive
loads.
ï The collector-current rating of a single
Darlington pair is 500mA.
ï The Darlington pairs may be paralleled for higher
current capability.
11. ADVANTAGES
ïSolar tracking systems continually orient photovoltaic
panels towards the sun and can help maximize your
investment in your PV system.
ïOne time investment, which provides higher efficiency &
flexibility on dependency over other sources.
ïTracking systems can help reducing emissions and can
contribute against global warming.
ïBulk implementations of tracking systems help reduced
consumption of power by other sources.
ïIt enhances the clean and emission free power
production.
12. DISADVANTAGES
ïInitial investment is high on solar panels.
ïItâs a bit of difficult for servicing, as the tracking systems are
not quite popular regionally.
ïMoving parts and gears which will require regular maintenance.
ïMay require repair or replacement of broken parts over a long
run.
13. APPLICATIONS
ïCan be used for small & medium scale power generations.
ïFor power generation at remote places where power lines are not
accessible.
ïFor domestic backup power systems.