1. Austria Radio Landscape Thomas A. Bauer University of Vienna Fudan University School of Journalism ww.thomasbauer.at

2. AustrianBroadasting System Ca 8 Mio Inhabitants, same-language neighbourhood (Germany, Switzerland) 9 Provinces , parlamentary democracy, EU member state, 5 parliamentary parties Start Radio Diffusion: 1936 RADIOLANDSCAPE AUSTRIA 2009 Dual Broadcasting System: public and commercial / free programs Public Radio: regulated through media law: public assignment Commercial (Regional, local) and free redia: media order (licence für program orientation and quality, economibility) PUBLIC: ORF 1 Central TV+Radio Institutions, 9 province departments, 3 Nationwide programs (Ö1.Ö3. FM4) 9 regional programs Ö1 international Webradio oe1campus (Blue Dan ube Radio) PRIVATE: More than 70 commercial (private, local) and free stations (start by Regional Radio Law: 1995/1998)

3. AustrianBroadasting System RADIOLANDSCAPE AUSTRIA - RADIO HISTORY AUSTRIAN BROADCASTING ORF : 5 RADIO PROGRAMS 4 TV PROGRAMS 1936 Start Radio Diffusion (RAVAG) 1938 – 1945: Nazi-Regime: propaganda („volksempfänger“), secret broadcasters 1945 – 1955: Occupation: radio provisorium under control of allies: zones FRA, RUS, UK, US 1957: foundation of ORF: Association 1964: broadcasting referendum: two-big-party-coalition since 1947, proportial system, radio not a forum for democratic discourse but in political service of two coalition parties 1955 – 1995: ORF Monopoly of diffusion: Ö1: classical music, tradional Ö2: regional, provincialistic service Ö3: young listeners, trendy Austria Iternational Blue Danube Radio (english) 1995 /1998: end of monopoly, start commercial / private and free radio

4. AustrianBroadasting System PUBLIC BROADCASTING- LEGITIMATION Public Mission: Information, Knowledge, Art, Culture (Music, Literature, Theatre, Film) and Entertainment within the rules of the constitution – by public law privileged services for: education, science, religion Public Charge for political reporting: objectivity, comprehensiveness, balance, plurality and freedom of opinion, attention for minorities support of Austrian culture scene, representation of Austria inside and outside („Austrian Identity“ Public mission: a meritoric good – within a program in the interest of economic rationality (debate: satisfation for public tution or satisfaction of commerce for advertising objective Public value debate: what is the public surplus? Which structure and which program can fulfill the criteria of PV?

5. AustrianBroadasting System PUBLIC BROADCASTING- STRUCTURE (ORF as a foundation) Radio Department Intendant (director): Editorial Departments (Editors-in-Chief plus team) according to the program (news, documentary, entertainment, event-and info service) scheme and/or according to the sectors to be served (politics (internal foreign affairs), economy, education (school radio) science&humanities, religion, literature&radiodrama, theatre&opera, film, music, society, minorities, traffic, weather, Services: dissemination of program content, webradio, social sponsoring Internal control: foundation board – works like a supervisory board (one element in combination to general director and audience council) Stakeholder control: Audience Council – represents the interests of the ausdience in respect of the public mission Advertisement: not in Ö1 (politic, education, culture, religion, classical and sophisticated music), other programs generally limited to 172 min/day Tuition and income: 50:50 (Ö3 cash cow facilitates Ö1)

6. AustrianBroadasting System PRIVATE RADIO BROADCASTING- STRUCTURE & LANDSCAPE 1995: Law for private and regional radio programs) 1998: Law extension for local anf free radio programs 2009: more than 70 non-public radio program provider: Commercial programs in regional or local context Cross-media-radiocompanies: printmedia up to 26 % of participation Free radio programs: Special interest, branch or scope programs: church, rel. denominations, associations, ethnic groups – mostly in the interest of their specific missions, Free Radio Initiatives (e.g. Radio Orange): in the interest of enhancing societal participation, advocacy for voiceless parts of population, topics, events, discourses (program production participation according to Brecht‘s theory (radio as a communication apparatus) and Enzensberger‘s theory of emancipative media use (media education perspective) Difficult financial conditions for free radio – debate of participation on public tuition for the public value orientation of those programs